Exploring the profit potential of energy storage in a car park using electrolysis, hydrogen storage and fuel cell electric vehicles

The Car Park as Power Plant (CPPP) is a main business concept related to a future integrated sustainable mobility and energy system in which hydrogen is a key energy carrier. In order to investigate the uncertain profitability of the CPPP concept, an optimisation model has been developed of a CPPP system that includes an electrolyser, a hydrogen...

Fuel cell electric vehicle to grid & H2: Balancing national electricity, heating & transport systems a scenario analysis for Germany in the year 2050

In a 2050 fully renewable national electricity, heating and road transport system primary energy supply comes from non-dispatchable power generation such as solar and wind energy. Both negative and positive dispatchable balancing power plants need to balance the system. This work investigates whether parked and grid connected (Vehicle-to-Grid...

Exploring the potential of the vehicle-to-grid service in a sustainable smart city

The vehicle-to-grid (V2G) service is slowly gaining momentum in its capacity to engage as a means of distributed generation. An aggregator's role is pivotal in the need to coordinate vehicles for V2G and maintain the security of supply of its customer base. The paper focuses on comparing the performance of the energy system when an aggregator...

Integrated transport and energy systems based on hydrogen and fuel cell electric vehicles

This thesis presents the design and analysis of future 100% renewable integrated transport and energy systems based on electricity and hydrogen as energy carriers. In which Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) are used for transport, distributing energy and balancing electricity demand. Passenger cars in Europe are parked on average 97% of the...

A socio-technical exploration of the Car as Power Plant

In the transition towards low-carbon energy systems, the growth of variable renewable energy sources (V-RES) like solar and wind in the electricity systems is calling for more flexibility measures. These are needed to cope with the increased uncertainty and variability that affects the residual demand. Flexibility can be offered by traditional...

Fuel cell electric vehicles and hydrogen balancing 100 percent renewable and integrated national transportation and energy systems

Future national electricity, heating, cooling and transport systems need to reach zero emissions. Significant numbers of back-up power plants as well as large-scale energy storage capacity are required to guarantee the reliability of energy supply in 100 percent renewable energy systems. Electricity can be partially converted into hydrogen,...

Fuel cell electric vehicle as a power plant: Fully renewable integrated transport and energy system design and analysis for smart city areas

Reliable and affordable future zero emission power, heat and transport systems require efficient and versatile energy storage and distribution systems. This paper answers the question whether for city areas, solar and wind electricity together with fuel cell electric vehicles as energy generators and distributors and hydrogen as energy carrier,...

Fuel cell electric vehicle-to-grid: Experimental feasibility and operational performance as balancing power plant

The world's future energy supply will include intermittent renewable sources, such as solar and wind power. To guarantee reliability of supply, fast-reacting, dispatchable and renewable back-up power plants are required. One promising alternative is parked and grid-connected hydrogen-powered fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) in "Vehicle-to...

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle as a Power Plant: Techno-Economic Scenario Analysis of a Renewable Integrated Transportation and Energy System for Smart Cities in Two Climates

Renewable, reliable, and affordable future power, heat, and transportation systems require efficient and versatile energy storage and distribution systems. If solar and wind electricity are the only renewable energy sources, what role can hydrogen and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) have in providing year-round 100% renewable, reliable, and...