Kalman filter-based integration of GNSS and InSAR observations for local nonlinear strong deformations

The continuous monitoring of ground deformations can be provided by various methods, such as leveling, photogrammetry, laser scanning, satellite navigation systems, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), and many others. However, ensuring sufficient spatiotemporal resolution of high-accuracy measurements can be challenging using only one of the...

Evaluating the value of Integrated Geodetic Reference Stations: Assessment of the InSAR and GNSS observations

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are widely used to monitor the dynamic behavior of the Earth. InSAR is a geodetic technique that estimates millimeter-level relative displacement time-series in an opportunistic network of a multitude of coherent points on the Earth’s surface, in a...

Co-location of geodetic reference points: On the design and performance of an Integrated Geodetic Reference Station

Geodesists use multiple methods to monitor surface deformation. This gives the opportunity to integrate complementary data for better interpretation of deformation processes. The integration of data has to deal with: (1) spatio-temporal differences in sampling methodologies, meaning that observed objects are not the same and thus observed...

InSAR datum connection using GNSS-augmented radar transponders

Deformation estimates from Interferometric Synthetic<br/>Aperture Radar (InSAR) are relative: they form a ‘free’<br/>network referred to an arbitrary datum, e.g. by assuming a reference<br/>point in the image to be stable. However, some applications<br/>require ‘absolute’ InSAR estimates, i.e. expressed in<br/>a well-defined terrestrial...

Geodetic network design for InSAR: Application to ground deformation monitoring

For the past two decades, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) has been used to monitor ground deformation with subcentimetric precision from space. But the applicability of this technique is limited in regions with a low density of naturally-occurring phase-coherent radar targets, e.g. vegetated nonurbanized areas. Third-party end...

Geodetic sensor systems and sensor networks: Positioning and applications

This contribution focuses on geodetic sensor systems and sensor networks for positioning and applications. The key problems in this area will be addressed together with an overview of applications. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and other geodetic techniques play a central role in many applications like engineering, mapping and...