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El Jouhri, A. (author), El Sharkawy, A. (author), Paksoy, H. (author), Youssif, O.K.S.A. (author), He, X. (author), Kim, S. (author), Happee, R. (author)Introduction: SAE Level 3 is known as conditional driving automation. As long as certain conditions are met, there is no need to supervise the technology and the driver can engage in non-driving related tasks (NDRTs). However, a human driver must be present and alert to take over when the automation is facing its system limits. When such an...journal article 2023
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Tinga, Angelica M. (author), van Zeumeren, I.M. (author), Christoph, Michiel (author), van Grondelle, E.D. (author), Cleij, Diane (author), Aldea, Anna (author), van Nes, C.N. (author)With increasing implementation of automated driving technology it is expected that different automation modes will be present within the same vehicle and within a single trip. At all times during automated driving the driver needs to have ‘mode awareness’, which is an understanding of the automation mode and the corresponding responsibilities...journal article 2023
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Tinga, Angelica M. (author), Cleij, Diane (author), Jansen, Reinier J. (author), van der Kint, Sander (author), van Nes, C.N. (author)In the transition towards higher levels of vehicle automation, one of the key concerns with regards to human factors is to avoid mode confusion, when drivers misinterpret the driving mode and therewith misjudge their own tasks and responsibility. To enhance mode awareness, a clear human centered Human Machine Interface (HMI) is essential. The...journal article 2022
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Krüger, Matti (author), Driessen, T. (author), Wiebel-Herboth, Christiane B. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Wersing, Heiko (author)With the rise of partially automated cars, drivers are more and more required to judge the degree of responsibility that can be delegated to vehicle assistant systems. This can be supported by utilizing interfaces that intuitively convey real-time reliabilities of system functions such as environment sensing. We designed a vibrotactile...journal article 2020
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de Clercq, Koen (author), Dietrich, Andre (author), Nuñez Velasco, J.P. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Happee, R. (author)Objective: In this article, we investigated the effects of external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) on pedestrians’ crossing intentions. Background: Literature suggests that the safety (i.e., not crossing when unsafe) and efficiency (i.e., crossing when safe) of pedestrians’ interactions with automated vehicles could increase if automated...journal article 2019