Insufficiency of immersion joints in existing immersed tunnels: Case study on functioning of Gina-seal and Omega-seal in the Kil Tunnel

In 2009 and 2010, two leakages through immersion joints occurred in the First Coen Tunnel near Amsterdam. From the study on t-he cause of these leakages, it followed that there was a potential problem for existing immersed tunnels: failure of the temporary Gina-seal combined with corrosion on the clamping structure of the definitive Omega-seal....