Evaluation of the International 3D Geospatial Data Models and IFC Standard for Implementing an LADM-based 3D Digital Cadastre

Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) is an international standard for defining both semantic and spatial information connected with rights, restrictions, and responsibilities (RRRs) that affect land, water, built assets, natural resources, underground spaces, and airspaces. Since LADM is currently a conceptual land administration model, one...

How to quickly detect the overlap and the consistency between LADM with LandInfra and LandXML: Application of schema matching techniques

In this paper, we explore the schema matching techniques to compare the content of three geospatial standards which are LADM, LandInfra (InfraGML) and LandXML. Those standards all refer to the concept of “land” and we will try to quantify the similarity of them based on syntax and semantic comparison of the class names exposed in their...

Code list management supported through a controlled domain vocabulary

Standards like the ISO 19152:2012 Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) basically specifies classes and the relations among them. However, this methodology cannot catch the richness of variations of the domain, and therefore code lists are introduced as a supplement. In fact, the LADM mentions a number of code lists for each of the packages of...

The LandInfra standard and its role in solving the BIM-GIS quagmire

LandInfra is a relatively new open standard for modelling and representing land and infrastructure features. As it overlaps with other open standards in BIM (IFC) and 3D GIS (CityGML), it has been recognised as a potential candidate to bridge the gap between the two domains. However, the knowledge of this standard in both communities is low, and...

Harmonising the OGC Standards for the Built Environment: A CityGML Extension for LandInfra

The relatively new Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standard LandInfra documents in its data model land and civil engineering infrastructure features. It has a Geography Markup Language (GML) implementation, OGC InfraGML, which has essentially no software support and is rarely used in practice. In order to share the benefits of LandInfra (and...

International Code List Management – The Case of Land Administration

Standardization reduces technical barriers to trade and foster dissemination of innovations. Within the domain of information technology, standardization enhances semantic interoperability of systems and services. In order to achieve the potential of standardization, IT solutions must be localized to adapt to local needs. To reduce localization...

International Code List Management: The Case of Land Administration

Standardization reduces technical barriers to trade and foster dissemination of innovations. Within the domain of information technology, standardization enhances semantic interoperability of systems and services. In order to achieve the potential of standardization, IT solutions must be localized to adapt to local needs. To reduce localization...

LandXML encoding of mixed 2d and 3d survey plans with multi-level topology

Cadastral spatial units around the world range from simple 2D parcels to complex 3D collections of spaces, defined at levels of sophistication from textural descriptions to complete, rigorous mathematical descriptions based on measurements and coordinates. The most common spatial unit in a cadastral database is the 2D land parcel-the basic...