Robust Adaptive Back-Stepping Control Approach Using Quadratic Lyapunov Functions for MMC-Based HVDC Digital Twins

Due to its excellent performance, VSC-based high voltage direct current (HVDC) power systems draw significant attention. They are being heavily used in modern industrial applications, such as onshore and offshore wind farms, and for interconnection between asynchronous networks. However, the traditional proportional-integral (PI) control...