Parametric numerical study on two-way bending capacity of unreinforced masonry walls: Evaluation of the influence of geometric parameters to improve analytical formulations

Investigations on unreinforced masonry (URM) walls subjected to natural hazards, such as earthquakes and wind loads, identify the out-of-plane (OOP) failure as one of the most common failure mechanisms. Concerning the OOP failure, two types of failure mechanisms can be distinguished in URM walls: one-way bending in which lateral edges of walls...

Influence of openings on two-way bending capacity of unreinforced masonry walls

Perforated unreinforced masonry (URM) walls in out-of-plane (OOP) two-way bending are commonly encountered in natural hazard investigations. However, related research is rather limited. This study focuses on the influence of openings on the two-way bending capacity of URM walls. An experimental database about the perforated URM walls in OOP...

Influence of aspect ratio and pre-compression on force capacity of unreinforced masonry walls in out-of-plane two-way bending

Out-of-plane (OOP) failure of unreinforced masonry (URM) walls in two-way bending was widely observed after natural hazards such as earthquakes. Of various crucial factors influencing the force capacity of URM walls in OOP two-way bending (force capacity being defined as the wall peak force in terms of pressure), the pre-compression and...

Capacity of unreinforced masonry walls in out-of-plane two-way bending: A review of analytical formulations

Investigations of post-seismic events show that the collapse of walls in out-of-plane (OOP) two-way bending can be one of the most predominant failure mechanisms for unreinforced masonry (URM) structures. To assess the force capacity of URM walls in OOP two-way bending, various analytical formulations have been developed during past decades....