Flood risk reduction interventions for the New York City subway system: A research on the impact of storm surge and sea level rise on the safety against flooding in urban delta's

On 29 October 2012 hurricane Sandy hit the coast of New York City. This category 1 hurricane had a devastating effect: large parts of the city were flooded and the city was out of business for several days. An estimated total damage of $41.9 billion had occurred of which $5 billion in account of the metro system. The largest damage was to the...

The Backbone of the Metropolis: How the development of rapid transit determined the becoming of the New York City Metropolis

The Rapid Transit system in New York City, with its underground and elevated railroads, has clearly been a very important factor in the development of the New York City metropolis as we know it today. Not solely as a means of transportation through the vast amount of land that is covered by the city, but also as a means of development for the...