GPR-assisted evaluation of probabilistic fatigue crack growth in rib-to-deck joints in orthotropic steel decks considering mixed failure models

Rib-to-deck (RD) welded joints in orthotropic steel decks (OSDs) of bridges demonstrates two major fatigue failure models, including the toe-to-deck (TTD) cracking and root-to-deck (RTD) cracking. Generally, the sole failure model is employed in the fatigue assessment of RD joints, causing a hot dispute on the dominant failure model. In this...