Impact of Trust in the Spatial and Evolutionary Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma

The complex dynamics that shape human interactions have been the object of studies for decades. One of the most famous examples to analyse the cooperative or defective nature of people is the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma (IPD), a versatile dynamic game which has been shown capable of capturing the emergence of cooperative behaviours in...

Spatial configurations and learning rules impact on the evolution of cooperative behaviour in the n-person iterative prisoner’s dilemma

Decision-making dynamics and their impact of human behaviour have raised a large number of questions throughout the years. Traits like competition and collaboration amongst agents are often studied, in the context of Game Theory, by the medium of games such as the Iterative Prisoners’ Dilemma.Furthermore, many realistic scenarios and possible...

Keep your enemies closer and be loud about it

Under what conditions can cooperation emerge and how can we sustain it? We build a computer simulation of a multi-agent spatial environment using Prisoner’s Dilemma as the principal agent interaction. We expand the model by allowing agents to remember a fixed number of past defectors and abstain from interacting with them again. Agents will be...

Unbeatable cooperative strategies under noise

This paper combines the concepts of noise and stability in the iterated prisoner's dilemma. The purpose is to find strategies that score well (have a high cooperation percentage) in a homogeneous noisy environment, but are also robust to invasions. Generally, strategies that perform best under noise are maximally forgiving, however,...

Influence of Reputation on Resistance against Bad Agents in the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma

In the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma players can take advantage of other players. This has no drawbacks for the player after that game, since it is assumed that the players have no memory. When reputation is introduced however, a single game of the Prisoner’s Dilemma can influence other games. In this paper research is done on how reputation can...

Knowing one’s opponents: Self Modeling Advantage Actor Critic for the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma

A recent advancement in Reinforcement Learning is the capability of modelling opponents. In this work, we are interested in going back to basics and testing this capability within the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma, a simple method for modelling multi agent systems. Using the self modelling advantage actor critic model, we set up a single agent...

Effects of Group-based Agents on Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma Strategies in Evolving Spatial Environments

The feeling of belongingness, to be a member of a group, is rooted in human evolutionary history. Cooperative behaviour within such groups has since been an important research topic. The evolution of cooperation in the iterated prisoner's dilemma (IPD) has been shown to be an effective tool of simulating and analysing this behaviour. However, it...

Effects of Noise on Cooperation in Harsh Environments

Interactions in the real world are subject to mistakes and miscommunications. The presence of this noise in interactions challenges cooperation, as one party cannot determine whether the other party did not cooperate on purpose. The Prisoner's Dilemma has commonly been used to study mutual cooperation. Strategies like Tit for Tat that do well in...

Variability of Cooperation in a Spatial Prisoner’s Dilemma

In harsh, spatial versions of the prisoner’s dilemma, a stable ratio between cooperators and defectors is sometimes reached quickly, whereas for other runs<br/>the variability of this ratio is much higher. This paper explores different patterns of this ratio over time, and compares factors that may influence these patterns. A measure based on...

Possible effects of lost, wrong and delayed information on the evolution of cooperation

This paper investigates possible effects of different information deficiencies on the evolution of cooperation on the basis of the Iterative Prisoner’s Dilemma. To this end, an evolving pool of players repeatedly participates in Round-Robin tournaments. The effect of 5% lost, 5% wrong and 5% delayed information on the amount of games in which...

A robust saturated strategy for n-player prisoner's dilemma

We study diffusion of cooperation in an n-population game in continuous time. At each instant, the game involves n random individuals, one from each population. The game has the structure of a prisoner's dilemma, where each player can choose a continuous decision variable associated with the probability of cooperating or defecting. We turn...