Effect of supernatant water level on As removal in biological rapid sand filters

Current groundwater treatment facilities, mostly relying on aeration-filtration configurations, aim at the removal of iron (Fe), ammonia (NH ₄ ⁺ ) and manganese (Mn). However, recently water companies expressed the ambition to also reduce arsenic (As) concentrations in these rapid sand filters. The aim of this study was...

Reduction of ripening time of full-scale manganese removal filters with manganese oxide-coated media

Effective manganese removal by conventional aeration-filtration with virgin filter media requires a long ripening time. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of manganese oxide-coated media to shorten the ripening time of filters with virgin media, under practical conditions. A full scale filter filled with virgin sand and a full...