Tracking Schooling Fish in Three Dimensions: Experiments at the Rotterdam Zoo

This thesis describes methods and first analyses to study the shape and motion of a large school of approximately 2000 Harengula clupeola (false herring) in three-dimensional space. This school of fish was present at the large-scale and publicly accessible ocean aquarium of the Rotterdam zoo, in the Netherlands known as Diergaarde Blijdorp, from...

Models and heuristics for hard routing and knapsack problems

One of the world’s biggest challenges is that living beings have to share a limited amount of resources. As people of science, we strive to find innovative ways to better use these resources, to reach and positively affect more and more people. In the field of optimization, we aim at finding an optimal allocation of limited sets of resources to...

The Heart of the City: Continuity and Complexity of an urban design concept

The “Heart of the City” theme is proposed by the MARS group as title of the 8th Congrès Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne (CIAM), held in Hoddesdon, England, from the 7th to the 14th of July 1951. Two opposite urban conditions are considered by Sert, President of CIAM, as main issues which the Heart discourse should face: from the...

School concentration and school travel

The purpose of the research as described in this Doctor’s thesis is twofold. Firstly it is to define in how far Dutch facilities for primary and secondary education were subjected to spatial concentration during recent decades. Secondly it is intended to assess what this concentration implied for the development of the minimum necessary travel...