A 16 MHz CMOS RC Frequency Reference With ±90 ppm Inaccuracy From -45 °C to 85 °C

This article presents a 16-MHz RC frequency reference implemented in a standard 180-nm CMOS process. It consists of a frequency-locked loop (FLL) in which the output frequency of a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) is locked to the frequency-phase characteristic of a Wien bridge RC filter. Since it is made from on-chip resistors and...

A Wheatstone Bridge Temperature Sensor with a Resolution FoM of 20fJ.K ²

Temperature sensors intended for embedded applications should be both energy-and area-efficient. The combination of Wheatstone-bridge (WhB) sensors and continuous-time ADCs has proven to be highly energy efficient [1], [2]. However, their area (> 0.25 mm{2}) is still larger than that of comparable BJT-based sensors [3], [4]. This paper...

A Hybrid Multi-Path CMOS Magnetic Sensor with 76 ppm/°C Sensitivity Drift and Discrete-Time Ripple Reduction Loops

This paper presents a temperature-insensitive magnetic sensor system for contactless current measurements. To simultaneously achieve wide bandwidth and low noise, the proposed system employs a multi-path structure with a set of spinning current Hall sensors in its low-frequency path and a set of pick-up coils in its high-frequency path. The...

A CMOS Temperature Sensor with a 49fJ·K2 Resolution FoM

This paper presents the most energy-efficient CMOS temperature sensor ever reported, with a resolution FoM of 49fJ·K2, 2.7× better than the state-of-the-art. It consists of a Wheatstone bridge made from poly-silicon resistors, which is readout by a 2nd-order Continuous-Time Delta-Sigma modulator (CTDSM). This approach leads to a high resolution ...