Techno-economic analysis of sidestream ammonia removal technologies: Biological options versus thermal stripping

Over the past twenty years, various commercial technologies have been deployed to remove ammonia (NH₄–N) from anaerobic digestion (AD) liquors. In recent years many anaerobic digesters have been upgraded to include a pre-treatment, such as the thermal hydrolysis process (THP), to produce more biogas, increasing NH₄–N...