Toward a Better Estimation of the Charging Corridor Length of In-Motion-Charging Trolleybuses

In-Motion-Charging (IMC) buses are destined to become a key player in sustainable urban transport as they combine the advantages of both trolleybuses (overhead supply mode) and e-buses (on-board battery mode). Defining the route ratio of these two modes of operation is a critical task in order to ensure that the IMC battery can complete a...

DC trolleygrids as sustainable, multi-functional, and multi-stakeholder electrical infrastructures: Thinking outside of the bus

Electricity grids are increasingly congested as the world moves toward a sustainable, electrified future. Expanding and upgrading these infrastructures is costly and challenging on a technical and administrative level and even redundant when considering that some sub-parts of these grids, such as electric transportation networks, are massively...

A Complete DC Trolleybus Grid Model With Bilateral Connections, Feeder Cables, and Bus Auxiliaries

This paper offers a complete and verified model of DC trolleybus grids and examines the effect of the common modelling assumptions made in literature by using simulations, as well as bus and substation measurements from the grid of Arnhem, the Netherlands. An equivalent model for the overhead line impedance is offered taking into account the...

A shared PV system for transportation and residential loads to reduce curtailment and the need for storage systems

This paper proposes a shared multi-stakeholder PV system for traction substations and nearby residential loads to reduce the need for storage, AC grid exchange, and curtailment. The residential stakeholders offer both the base electrical load and the solar panels installation space needed by the traction stakeholder, who brings the peak load...

Placement and sizing of solar PV and Wind systems in trolleybus grids

Reducing the environmental impact of transportation requires the successful integration of renewable energy sources into the electrical transportation networks. However, the mismatch between renewable generation and the intermittent bus schedules causes temporary absence of loads and creates considerable excess energy, potentially rendering...

A simple method for sizing and estimating the performance of PV systems in trolleybus grids

Solar PV systems have so far been the source of choice for the sustainable supply of urban electric transport networks—like trams and trolleybus grids. However, no consensus exists yet on the placement or sizing of PV systems at the traction substations, and no method is available for easy estimation of the PV system utilization performance....

Comparison of on-board vs stationary energy storage systems for PV-powered multifunctional trolleybus grids

Trolleybuses are electric buses than run on electric power from overhead electric power lines (catenary) like trams do. Although is a service that dates all the way back to 1882, it has managed to regain interest in the recent years due to the constant electrification of various aspects of the world. This comes as a response towards...

The effect of IMC bus charging behavior on the trolleygrid

We are in the middle of a transition to zero-emission mobility. The European Union has set high targets for zero-emission bus sales. Many European local governments and public-transit operators are looking to replace their GHG-emitting diesel/gas bus fleets with clean alternatives. One such alternative is In Motion Charging (IMC) technology for...

Investigation of the potential of PV in trolleygrids: Study of the effect of Key Performance Indicators on the integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems in Trolleygrids - Arnhem and Gdynia case studies

The trolleybus traction grids, an effective electrification solution for urban transport, can become more sustainable and efficient through the direct integration of solar photovoltaic systems. Previous research shows different results for this application. The aim of this study is to identify a set of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and to...

The Integration of Electric Vehicle Chargers Into a Trolleygrid Network

Battery electric vehicles have gained a substantial market share in the last few years. The call for good charging infrastructure is urgent with the rapid shift from carbon-based cars toward battery electric vehicles. However, the present electrical distribution networks are not designed for large additional loads. Many cities have traction...

Stationary storage for improving the energy recovery in DC trolley grids

Trolleybus systems can be a sustainable replacement for regular diesel powered busses. The sustainability of these systems can be further improved by storage systems that recuperate the braking energy of the buses and feed it at a later point. By strategically placing the storage system, the transmission losses in the grid can also be reduced....

A Valley-Charging Power Approach for the Integration of In-Motion Charging Buses in DC Trolleygrids

This Master thesis aims at studying the technology of In-Motion Charging (IMC) trolleybuses. These trolleybuses are equipped with an on-board battery large enough to provide energy for certain parts of the route. Thanks to that, the parts of the line do not have to be covered with overhead lines. As the vehicles charge their batteries en route,...

The potential of renewable energy sources for powering of trolleybus grids: An Arnhem case-study

Trolleybus systems may be a sustainable and cheap alternative to diesel and battery buses. However, to improve sustainablity, the trolleybus system must be powered by renewable energy sources. In this work, a case study on the Arnhem trolleybus grid is performed. First the bus power demands and bus traffic are constructed for the whole system,...