Transformation of polycrystalline tungsten to monocrystalline tungsten W(100) and its potential application in Schottky emitters

The electron sources in electron microscopes and electron lithography machines often consist of small diameter W(100) wires, etched to form a sharp tip. The electron emission is facilitated by the Schottky effect, thus the name Schottky emitter. The authors are investigating the feasibility of arrays of such electron emitters for the use in...

Effect of the electric field on the form stability of a Schottky electron emitter: A step model

The stability of the physical shape of an electron emitter (co)determines the stability of the performance of electron-beam equipment. A typical short-term instability of the Schottky electron source is the instability of the (100) facet at the tip end known as “collapsing rings.” This instability causes probe instabilities, but it is known from...