Making Waves: A sea change in treating wastewater – Why thermodynamics supports resource recovery and recycling

Entropy is a concept defined by the second law of thermodynamics. Applying this concept to the world we live in, entropy production must be minimized and negentropy (negative entropy production) should be accelerated, in order to produce a healthy and stable ecological system. The present wastewater treatment, however, contributes to entropy...

Feasibility of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a pilot-scale airlift-loop reactor

Airlift-loop reactors have become competitive in treating municipal wastewater. Many studies have verified that high COD conversion efficiencies can be reached. When simultaneous nitrification and denitrification could be realised to the same degree as is possible in low loaded conventional activated sludge processes, their application would be...