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Chen, Linfeng (author), Hulshoff, S.J. (author), Dong, Yuhong (author)The underlying physical mechanism of the residual-based large eddy simulation (LES) based on the variational multiscale (VMS) method is clarified. Resolved large-scale energy transportation equation is mathematically derived for turbulent kinetic energy budget analysis. Firstly, statistical results of benchmark turbulent channel flow at Re...journal article 2022