Data assimilation of GRACE terrestrial water storage data into a hydrological model using the Ensemble Kalman Smoother: A case study of the Rhine river basin

Terrestrial water storage (TWS) can be defined as the storage of water on and below the land surface, and includes snow, ice, surface water, soil moisture, and ground water. TWS is a key component of the terrestrial and global hydrological cycles, which have important control over the water, energy and biogeochemical fluxes, and plays a major...