The effect of vessels on the flow pattern inside a groyne field: What is the influence of vessels on the flow properties inside a groyne field and in what way do the characteristics of the vessels influence this?

Due to river training in the past centuries, the bed level of the Waal started and is still decreasing by several centimetres a year. Erosion of the riverbed causes problems for objects underneath the riverbed like cables, pipelines and foundations of structures. Furthermore, some parts of the river are eroding at a higher velocity compared to...