Mapping high R&D city-regions worldwide: A patent heat map approach

A methodology for identifying high R&D city-regions worldwide using patent data is presented. A heat map (kernel density estimation) approach is used which allows city-regions to be identified in areas with a high patenting intensity, a proxy for high R&D expenditure. The methodology is independent of any pre-existing administrative...

The influence of international research interaction on national innovation performance: A bibliometric approach

International research interactions, specifically interpersonal collaboration, institutional collaboration and within multinational corporation (MNC) collaboration, have been increasing since the 2000s as a result of globalization and rising technological complexity. Yet the impact of international research interactions (IRIs) on national...