Flow Behaviour of Pellets: Design of a Mass Flow Hopper for Biomass and Waste Pellets in an HTW Gasification Plant

Utilizing waste and wood pellets in gasification reactors is a promising solution to the waste and energy problem. However, plant shutdowns often occur due to failures in the feedstock handling systems. Unfortunately, research focusing on the flow properties and the impact of mechanical degradation on the flow properties of pellets is lacking....

Producing pellets from torrefied herbaceous biomass in a commercial capacity

The global temperature rise has pushed governments more into finding ways to reduce CO2 emissions, by increasing the use of renewable fuels. Lignocellulosic biomass (wood, forest residues, agricultural residues) is a renewable fuel that has still not been utilized to its full potential. That is because it lacks properties such as homogeneity,...

Effect of Alumina on Reduction Softening and Melting Behaviour of Iron Ore Pellets

Aim of the blast furnace ironmaking process is the extraction of iron from iron ore, and prepare the raw iron (hot metal) for steel making. The iron oxides (ore) are charged into the furnace in the form of sinters and pellets containing the iron ore. Iron ore interacts with reducing gases and coke to form molten iron which in combination with...

An improved kinetic model and optimized configurations for pellet softening: Modeling and optimization of pellet softening process in drinking water treatment

In the last decade, several process modifications took place in the Loenderveen (LDV)- Weesperkarspel (WPK) Water Treatment Plant (WTP) of Waternet. There are four process modifications initiated over time: first, a shift from garnet sand to calcite pellets as seeding materials for pellet softening process. Second, the elimination of acid dosing...

Engineering zeolite pellets for the adsorption of organic micropollutants

Our use of pharmaceuticals, pesticides and personal care products leads to an increase of organic micropollutants (OMPs) into the aquatic environment. Conventional wastewater treatment plants are not designed for the removal of OMPs and need to be upgraded to reduce OMP contamination. The adsorption of OMPs to zeolites is proposed as an...

An improved model of calcium carbonate crystallization: An improved kinetics-model for the calcium carbonate crystallization in the fluidized bed softening reactors at the Weesperkarspel drinking water treatment plant

One of the main targets of Waternet, the water-cycle company of Amsterdam, is to increase the sustainability of water treatment. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to improve the efficiency and to decrease the use of chemicals during pellet softening process. However, the model of Van Schagen et al. (2008 b,c) that is currently used to...

Clean grass: Development of a pretreatment machine for grass pressing

In this project a grass refinery process line is designed for producing grass fibers and juice that are suitable for cardboard, fuel pellets and animal feed production. A washing machine is designed for an essential processing step, cleaning the grass.

Grinded Dutch calcite as seeding material in the pellet softening process

Calcium carbonate pellets are produced as a by-product in the softening process. In The Netherlands, these pellets are applied as a raw material in several industrial and agricultural processes. The sand grain inside the pellet hinders the application in some high potential market segments such as paper and glass. Earlier work showed that it is...

An optimised iron ore grinding strategy based on balling fundamentals

In order to meet the future demand of pellets for the blast furnace, the output of the grinding circuit of the Tata Steel IJmuiden pellet plant needs to be increased. As the power consumption of the grinding circuit is already at its maximum, the grinding itself and/or the grinding strategy needs to be optimised, leading to a higher circuit...