"uuid","repository link","title","author","contributor","publication year","abstract","subject topic","language","publication type","publisher","isbn","issn","patent","patent status","bibliographic note","access restriction","embargo date","faculty","department","research group","programme","project","coordinates"
"uuid:b1ec00d1-1606-4f8f-adba-ea2b0c0a60bd","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b1ec00d1-1606-4f8f-adba-ea2b0c0a60bd","A Ferryman who Stutters: From the Architectural Subject to an Architecture of Subjectivation","Kousoulas, Stavros (TU Delft Theory, Territories & Transitions)","","2017","","architecture; perception; stuttering; subjectivation; metastability","en","abstract","","","","","","","","","","","Theory, Territories & Transitions","","",""
"uuid:045701b5-6549-4c0f-a89b-61d9cf56fc4a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:045701b5-6549-4c0f-a89b-61d9cf56fc4a","Perceived object motion variance across optical contexts","van Assen, J.J.R. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); van Zuijlen, M.J.P. (Kyoto University); Nishida, Shin'ya (Kyoto University; Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation)","","2022","Visual motion computation is challenging under real-world conditions due to continuous contextual changes such as varying lighting conditions and a large range of optical material properties. Due to these changes the retinal optical flow can drastically vary while the physical motion of an object remains constant. Especially materials with high reflective and refractive interactions can cause complex motion patterns. Here we investigate object motion constancy across various optical contexts and if the human visual system compensates for other causal sources in motion.
We performed two experiments. In the first experiment observers had to estimate which of two stimuli was rotating faster around the vertical axis. The stimuli were displayed for 500 ms in a 2-IFC staircase design. For the Match stimulus the illumination, material properties and shape were constant. The stimulus was rendered at a high temporal resolution allowing for small rotational speed changes for the staircase design. The Test stimuli varied in ten optical properties (e.g., matte, glossy, anisotropic, translucent), three illumination maps (sunny, cloudy, indoor), and three shapes (knot, cubic, blobby), the rotational speed remained constant. There were three different conditions in the second experiment: 1. unmasked Match and Test stimulus (same as experiment one); 2. masked Test stimulus (circular gaussian mask, masking outer shape contours); 3. masked Test stimulus and masked Match stimulus where the Match stimulus was replaced by horizontally moving 2D pink noise. In this experiment a subset of the optical conditions was used.
Expanding on our previously presented work [1], we applied three image-based motion capturing models (Figure 1) to gain deeper insights on motion cues that are predictive of human judgements. The models are Lucas-Kanade (optical flow), RAFT (optical flow DNN), FFV1MT (motion energy). First, we found that there are clear illusory differences of perceived rotational speed with even bigger effects when the circular mask was applied. The transparent material with the refractive index of water is systematically perceived to be rotating faster than other materials across all conditions. We performed an RSA (representational similarity analysis) to compare a range of different metrics across conditions and flow models. We find that the gradient of the optical flow is a particularly good predictor of human performance. The gradient emphasizes local speed changes in the optical flow, for example with moving highlights. Another observation is that Lucas-Kanade is most predictive of human performance under most conditions while RAFT is most stable across materials and closest to the ground truth. Our results further suggest that the human visual system does partially compensate for motion flow effects across optical contexts in object motion.
[1] Van Assen, J. J. R., Kawabe, T., & Nishida, S. Y. (2020). Object motion and flow variance across optical contexts. Journal of Vision, 20(11), 458-458.
This work has been supported by a Marie-Skłodowska-Curie Actions Individual Fellowship (H2020-MSCA-IF-2019-FLOW) and by JSPS Kakenhi JP20H05957.","motion; perception; Psychophysics","en","abstract","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-06-01","","","Human Information Communication Design","","",""
"uuid:d140158a-053d-4574-96a7-85a8403a238f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d140158a-053d-4574-96a7-85a8403a238f","University students’ perception of the sound environment at their home study places","Hamida, A.B. (TU Delft Environmental & Climate Design); Eijkelenboom, A.M. (TU Delft Environmental & Climate Design); Bluyssen, P.M. (TU Delft Environmental & Climate Design)","","2023","People are staying indoors for most of their time (on average 90%), where they are exposed to different environmental stimuli (e.g., noise, temperature) that are related to the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) factors (Bluyssen, 2020). Students in higher education spend substantial time at their study places (at home or educational buildings) for their study-related activities (Beckers et al., 2016a). Noise is one of these environmental stimuli that could affect the students’ health and comfort. It was found that noise affected students’ health (Tristan-Hernandez et al., 2017), perception (Dzhambov et al., 2021), and performance (Shu & Ma, 2019). However, previous studies mainly focused on the students’ sound environment perception in classroom settings, while few (e.g., (Ramu et al., 2021) and (Beckers et al., 2016b)) investigated their perception in their study places.
This study aims to identify the sound sources that students are exposed to at their home study places. Furthermore, this study shows to which extent students are satisfied with the sound environment of their study places.","Indoor environmental quality (IEQ); sound environment; study place; sound perception; sound sources; students","en","abstract","","","","","","","","","","","Environmental & Climate Design","","",""
"uuid:fe6698ae-045c-436b-945b-c61c4b0437e4","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fe6698ae-045c-436b-945b-c61c4b0437e4","Exploring the Visual Landscape","Nijhuis, S.; Van Lammeren, R.; Van der Hoeven, F.","","2011","Exploring the Visual Landscape is about the combination of landscape research and planning, visual perception and Geographic Information Science. It showcases possible ways of getting a grip on themes like: landscape openness, cluttering of the rural landscape, high-rise buildings in relation to cityscape, historic landscapes and motorway panoramas. It offers clues for visual landscape assessment of spaces in cities, parks and rural areas. In that respect, it extends the long tradition in the Netherlands on physiognomic landscape research and shows the state of the art at this moment. Exploring the Visual Landscape offers important clues for theory, methodology and application in research and development of landscapes all over the world, from a specifically Dutch academic context. It provides a wide range of insights into the psychological background of landscape perception, the technical considerations of geomatics and methodology in landscape architecture, urban planning and design. Furthermore, there are some experiences worthwhile considering, which demonstrate how this research can be applied in the practice of landscape policy making. This book is sponsored by the OA-fund TU Delft.","OA-Fund TU Delft; landscape architecture; urban design; landscape planning; landscape policy; visual landscape; GIS; landscape perception; Design research","en","book","IOS Press","","","","","","","","","Urbanism","","","",""
"uuid:d6dea979-4ea6-4fd3-aabb-cc01e619dc0c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d6dea979-4ea6-4fd3-aabb-cc01e619dc0c","IOPM 2017 - PIN(K) A PLACE: Result Elective - Landscape Architecture ON site, being part of Oerol 2017","Piccinini, D. (TU Delft Landscape Architecture); van der Velde, J.R.T. (TU Delft Landscape Architecture)","","2017","This booklet shows the results of a project developed at the TU Delft in a Master elective course offered by the chair of Landscape Architecture: Landscape Architecture ON site. The project revolves around the realization of a temporary, interactive ‘design-and-build’ project in a landscape setting, for the yearly Oerol festival held on the island of Terschelling in June each year. Students research, conceptualize and construct an installation to be visited by festival public.
The project combines specific landscape conditions of a site with the interaction of visitors and the dynamics of onsite construction, exploring the role of spatial designers in situated, interactive projects.
Students: Bella Bluemink, Eva Ventura, Eva Willemsen, Federica Sanchez, Ge Hong, Ilya Tasioula, Jan Gerk de Beer, Joey Liang, Lukas Kropp, Maël Vanhelsuwé, IVIax Einerf IVlichelle Siemerink, Qingyun Lin, Timothy Radhitya Djagiri.Yao Lu.
Tutors chair of Landscape Architecture: D.Piccinini and R.van der Velde","Landscape Architecture; On Site; art; interation; place; perception","en","book","Delft University of Technology","","","","","","","","","","Landscape Architecture","","",""
"uuid:f1f9a440-b3f5-449b-92a1-7e048cf13c1c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f1f9a440-b3f5-449b-92a1-7e048cf13c1c","Perception in motion - alternative research techniques for exploring the urban landscape","de Wit, S.I. (TU Delft Landscape Architecture)","","2023","The urban environment is perceived through multiple senses in parallel, which means that visual understanding of space is aided and complemented by auditory, basic-orienting, and haptic stimuli - although mainly unconsciously. Sensory conditions are inherent attributes of urban places, but are often overlooked in research. To include these aspects in any way in analysis of the urban landscape, they need to be understood as properties of urban space, to be translated from attributes of the perceiver to attributes of the perceived. Using the relation between a designed garden and its suburban context in Bad Oeynhausen (DE) as an example, I will explore an alternative analytical methodology that takes the first-hand perspective view of the subject moving through the city as the starting point. The human body explores space by moving through it; walking is the most direct way to access, study, and research the physical qualities of the (urban) landscape, involving not only visual experience but also sound, rhythm, kinaesthesia, balance, and so forth. A notation technique that discloses the interrelation between visual qualities and their perception over time is the technique of ‘scoring’. Scores are symbolisations of processes, which extend over time. They can objectively represent non-visual qualities of space, communicating the relation between such processes and their spatial context to others in other places and other moments. These representations of movement expose the qualities of the surroundings that change as one moves through them, thus communicating the experiential aspects of urban landscape.","Bad Oeynhausen; multi-sensory urban landscape; narrative analytical methods; perception; Score; time-based analysis; Wasserkrater garden","en","book chapter","Emerald Publishing","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care. Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-01-24","","","Landscape Architecture","","",""
"uuid:bf5c5bd8-0663-4c19-abd0-9052e0bd4f94","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bf5c5bd8-0663-4c19-abd0-9052e0bd4f94","Subjective and objective quality assessment for volumetric video","Alexiou, Evangelos (Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI)); Nehmé, Yana (Université de Lyon); Zerman, Emin (Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall); Viola, Irene (Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI)); Lavoué, Guillaume (Université de Lyon); Ak, Ali (Nantes University, Nantes); Smolic, Aljosa (Trinity College Dublin); Le Callet, Patrick (Nantes University, Nantes); Cesar, Pablo (TU Delft Multimedia Computing; Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI))","","2023","Volumetric video (VV) is a novel form of video that allows recreation of real-world scenes in 3D with users consuming the content from any viewpoint they desire. This makes VV best suited for augmented reality (AR) or virtual reality (VR) applications. This freedom necessitates increased user interaction with the VV itself, which brings new challenges to its visual quality assessment. In this chapter, various aspects of VV quality assessment using subjective user studies and objective quality estimation methods are discussed. These aspects include the manner of representing 3D models, mode of interaction, display settings (e.g., whether AR or VR headsets are used), rendering parameters, and how the characteristics of point clouds or meshes are used in quality estimation. The chapter discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different methods and provides take away messages for researchers.","datasets; mesh; objective quality metrics; perception; point cloud; subjective quality assessment; user interaction","en","book chapter","Elsevier","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-27","","","Multimedia Computing","","",""
"uuid:f6f291c6-6725-4114-b9db-f5fe858a1029","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f6f291c6-6725-4114-b9db-f5fe858a1029","From Global South to Underrepresented Geographies","Tempels Moreno Pessoa, Igor (University of Twente); van der Watt, A. (TU Delft Real Estate Management); Vergara d'Alençon, L.M. (Universidad Diego Portales); Newton, C.E.L. (TU Delft Spatial Planning and Strategy)","van der Watt, Anja (editor); Vergara, Luz María (editor); Pessoa, Igor (editor); Newton, Caroline (editor)","2024","In light of rapid urbanisation and the accelerating threats of climate change, scale and multitude are what set the Global North and South apart. Yet, as this course exposes, the issues faced by urban areas have resembling themes and characteristics, regardless of economic status or geographic location. Therefore, in the context of sustainable urban development, the binary dichotomy of the terms ‘Global North’ and ‘Global South’ must be contested. While a focus on Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia, and the MENA region, Rethink the City attempts to understand the transboundary nature of urban issues and provide a platform to gather insights beyond borders. It is only by learning from other narratives that we can collectively address the complex challenges ahead.","Global South; Global North; language; underrepresented geographies; unbalanced; imaginary; perceptions; place-based; decolonise","en","book chapter","TU Delft OPEN","","","","","","","","","","Real Estate Management","","",""
"uuid:6d62f54d-51f7-4afe-9fd4-b88a4b3b6fda","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6d62f54d-51f7-4afe-9fd4-b88a4b3b6fda","A multi-faceted approach for assessing the safety of Israeli Arab children in their travel to and from school","Farah, H.; Shani, M.","","2015","Road crashes are considered as one of the main threats to human life around the world. Children pedestrians are most at risk to be seriously injured in road crashes, in particular, those from economically disadvantaged communities. Various factors contribute to their high involvement in road crashes. Some of these factors are related to the characteristics of the children and their parents, while others are related to the physical urban road environment. The share of Arab children in Israel (<15 years old) in pedestrians’ fatalities far exceeds their fraction in their age group. Therefore, effective and immediate measures to increase their safety are required. The present research, a part of a larger ongoing project, proposes a multifaceted approach and applies it to a real case study in the Arab local council of Jadeidi-Makr in Israel. The proposed approach is based on: (1) data collected by means of questionnaires posted to the children and their parents concerning the travel characteristics of the children to school; (2) objective data on the children walking routes collected by GPS-enabled watches; and (3) road safety auditing of the school environment and the main routes to the school. The results of this study found that children’s characteristics, their travel behavioral patterns, their parents' safety perceptions, and the road environment are all significant factors when considering children’s safety as pedestrians. Thus, improvements in the infrastructure, children and parents’ safety awareness, and police enforcement are essential to increase Arab children’s safety. The responsible authorities, decision and policy makers are called to join forces and take immediate actions to realize the suggested improvements in reality.","children; pedestrians; exposure; safety perception; behaviour; road safety auditing","en","conference paper","TRB","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:f4a724ba-3616-4957-9859-36ee45bd36a1","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f4a724ba-3616-4957-9859-36ee45bd36a1","Openability of tamperproof packaging","Del Castillo C., A.; Wever, R.; Buijs, P.J.; Stevels, A.","","2007","Communication, product protection and presentation are three key aspects in the world of packaging nowadays. Due to a retail landscape consisting of large stores, displaying packed products on the shelves in self-service environments, these aspects become increasingly important, not only for Fast Moving Consumer Goods, but for consumer durables as well. In the communication aspect, the package delivers a promise to the customer contained in the package, but the package itself is part of this promise, creating expectation to be fulfilled when reaching for the product, the importance opportunity of this brief moment is shown throughout this paper. However, selling expensive consumer durables in self-service retail environments also brings with it the need for tamperproof packaging. The objective of tamperproof packaging is to prevent opening of the packaging by shoppers while in the store, in order to prevent theft or damage. However, tamperproof packaging makes it also difficult for the legitimate buyer to get to his new purchase. This conflicts with the positive message the packaging tries to communicate. The purpose of this paper is to present a description of the process aimed to reach a real solution in this design dilemma, based on literature research, consumer research (Unpacking experiments), identifying general concerns and needs of consumers. These serve as a base for the development of a proposal that leads to a proven, better user-experience in packaging openability and product perception, while maintaining tamperproofness in the store. Throughout this paper the iconic 3-Headed electrical shavers of Royal Philips Electronics, which is nowadays packed in tamperproof blisters, will serve for the analysis and development process.","unpacking experience; blister packaging; clamshell; consumer perception; packaging","en","conference paper","International Association of Packaging Research Institutes","","","","","","","","Industrial Design Engineering","","","","",""
"uuid:b1611514-a4a2-4cfb-8579-4abdc629205b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b1611514-a4a2-4cfb-8579-4abdc629205b","Real-time measurement of perceptual qualities in conceptual design","Bittermann, M.; Ciftcioglu, O.","","2006","Implications of design decisions are hard to oversee for designers. This is the case in particular with respect to decisions, which influence perception related qualities of designs. Such qualities are for example visual openness, visual privacy, and spatial intimacy. They are difficult to measure because of their subjective and soft nature. Measurements of such qualities are important because they are basis for user-oriented, optimal decisions in architectural and interior design. Existing attempts in the architecture domain to assess such qualities systematically are not based on models of visual space perception. Their ability to assess perception aspects of designs is limited. In this paper a novel real-time measurement system for design is presented, which is based on a computational model of visual space perception. This perception model consists of a vision model and a space cognition model. The vision model is based on retrieval of spatial depth data in scattered form. This process is termed random direction distance sampling (RDDS). The space cognition model consists of sample-wise mapping of depth data to perception data, which is space cognition, and exponential averaging, which is a time-series analysis method, for integration of the perception data to perception information, which is the measurement outcome.","visual space perception; vision; space cognition; memory-time; computational design","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","Architecture and The Built Environment","Architectural Engineering +Technology","","","",""
"uuid:6a8e0920-3cbe-4b6f-945a-bdc4b1279f9d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6a8e0920-3cbe-4b6f-945a-bdc4b1279f9d","Fusion of Perceptions in Architectural Design","Ciftcioglu, O.; Bittermann, M.S.","","2013","A method for fusion of perceptions is presented. It is based on probabilistic treatment of perception, where perception quantifies the chance an unbiased observer sees an environmental object, and the associated probability can be interpreted as degree of awareness for the object. The approach uniquely accounts for the fact that final realization or remembrance of a scene in the brain may be absent or elusive, so that it is subject to probabilistic considerations. For objects that are to be perceived from multiple viewpoints, such as a sculpture in a museum, or a building in its urban context, the probabilistic approach uniquely defines the fusion of perceptions. This is accomplished by carrying out the probabilistic union of events. The computation is presented together with its geometric implications, which become rather intricate for multiple observers, whereas the computation is straight forward. The method is exemplified for two applications in architectural design at different scales, namely interior and urban design, indicating the generic nature as well as the large application potential of the method.","perception; vision modeling; architectural design; evolutionary search","en","conference paper","eCAADe (Education and research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe)","","","","","","","","Architecture and The Built Environment","Architectural Engineering +Technology","","","",""
"uuid:2b75fa2c-a482-4684-ba09-00c4d7edf73d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2b75fa2c-a482-4684-ba09-00c4d7edf73d","Analysing mental geography of residential environment in Singapore using GIS-based 3D visibility analysis","Putra, S.Y.; Yang, P.P.-J.","","2005","Workshop 2. Session 2.3: Mapping home Abstract. Residences mental perception, especially spatial perceptions of their built-environment is crucial in shaping their overall quality of life and environmental perception. The increasing intangibility of mental geography may be caused by lack of empirical and quantitative approach. We will introduce an empirical and quantitative approach of analysing mental geography, based on James Gibsons direct perception theory. Gibson argued that spatial perceptions of the visible environment were constructed by ambient optic arrays, or photonic arrays reflected by environmental geometries and received by perceivers eyes. Weve developed a GIS (geographic information system)-based 3D visibility analysis, Viewsphere, capable of computing the spatial properties of ambient optic arrays, based on the volumetric amount of space occupied by the photonic arrays. Using this analysis, the perceptual quality of residential or urban open space can be measured. We argue that the spatial properties expressed by quantitative perceptual indices may represent the residences spatial perception of their residential environment. Comprehensive understanding of a residential settings mental geography may be achieved by mapping of spatial perceptions through interpolating perceptual indices from a grid of sample points. Two test cases were conducted on an environmental setting of typical Singapores public housing estate. Singapores public housing programme is well-known for its success of housing most of the nations population in its high-density, high-rise environment. Using this analytical methodology, the impact of high-density, high-rise residential environment on residences mental geography can be empirically understood.","spatial perception, ambient optic array, 3D visibility analysis, public housing","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:c8b93322-2f54-4f04-9f84-48883ecc3e13","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c8b93322-2f54-4f04-9f84-48883ecc3e13","Vision as a user interface","Koenderink, J.","","2011","The egg-rolling behavior of the graylag goose is an often quoted example of a fixed-action pattern. The bird will even attempt to roll a brick back to its nest! Despite excellent visual acuity it apparently ""takes a brick for an egg."" Evolution optimizes utility, not veridicality. Yet textbooks take it for a fact that human vision evolved so as to approach veridical perception. How do humans manage to dodge the laws of evolution? I will show that they don't, but that human vision is an idiosyncratic user interface. By way of an example I consider the case of pictorial perception. Gleaning information from still images is an important human ability and is likely to remain so for the foreseeable future. I will discuss a number of instances of extreme non-veridicality and huge inter-observer variability. Despite their importance in applications (information dissemination, personnel selection, . . . ) such huge effects have remained undocumented in the literature, although they can be traced to artistic conventions. The reason appears to be that conventional psychophysics-by design-fails to address the qualitative, that is the meaningful, aspects of visual awareness whereas this is the very target of the visual arts.","vision; user interfaces; ehtology; evolution of vision; verdicality of perception","en","conference paper","SPIE","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Intelligent Systems","","","",""
"uuid:a79b141c-2b0d-4bb1-90ef-871308443dce","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a79b141c-2b0d-4bb1-90ef-871308443dce","Perceptual qualities of optically mixed materials (extended abstract)","Pont, S.C.; Van Doorn, A.J.; Te Pas, S.F.; Wijntjes, M.W.A.; Koenderink, J.J.","","2012","We present a novel setup in which real objects made of two different materials can be mixed optically in a linearly weighted manner. We conducted a psychophysical experiment in which observers rated optical mixtures of the three combinations of glossy, matte, and velvety green birds. The observers rated the materials on four scales: matte-glossy, hard-soft, cold-warm, and light-heavy. The judgments were found to be consistent and varied systematically with the weights of the contributions.","material perception; qualities; ecological optics; magic","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","Industrial Design Engineering","Industrial Design","","","",""
"uuid:3e35b9ed-76f9-4de9-afb9-fbfc4a4ef808","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3e35b9ed-76f9-4de9-afb9-fbfc4a4ef808","Ambient Surveillance by Probabilistic-Possibilistic Perception","Bittermann, M.S.; Ciftcioglu, O.","","2013","A method for quantifying ambient surveillance is presented, which is based on probabilistic-possibilistic perception. The human surveillance of a scene through observing camera sensed images on a monitor is modeled in three steps. First immersion of the observer is simulated by modeling perception of the scene from the camera locations using probabilistic perception approach. The perceptions are thereafter combined by means of probabilistic union, simulating simultaneous watching of the scene from multiple viewing positions. As third step the combined perceptions are converted to a possibility using triangular possibility density function. The latter step accounts for the fact that surveillance takes place via monitor depiction and not directly as perception of the actual physical scene. The method is described and demonstrated by means of an ambient surveillance application involving three cameras. The resulting possibility of perception is compared to the case of using two cameras, quantifying the added value of additional camera as to surveillance.","perception; possibility; ambient intelligence; surveillance","en","conference paper","eCAADe (Education and research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe)","","","","","","","","Architecture and The Built Environment","Architectural Engineering +Technology","","","",""
"uuid:039b250f-dbb0-4c1a-b77b-5ce1eaafce8b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:039b250f-dbb0-4c1a-b77b-5ce1eaafce8b","Sign language perception research for improving automatic sign language recognition","Ten Holt, G.A.; Arendsen, J.; De Ridder, H.; Van Doorn, A.J.; Reinders, M.J.T.; Hendriks, E.A.","","2009","Current automatic sign language recognition (ASLR) seldom uses perceptual knowledge about the recognition of sign language. Using such knowledge can improve ASLR because it can give an indication which elements or phases of a sign are important for its meaning. Also, the current generation of data-driven ASLR methods has shortcomings which may not be solvable without the use of knowledge on human sign language processing. Handling variation in the precise execution of signs is an example of such shortcomings: data-driven methods (which include almost all current methods) have difficulty recognizing signs that deviate too much from the examples that were used to train the method. Insight into human sign processing is needed to solve these problems. Perceptual research on sign language can provide such insights. This paper discusses knowledge derived from a set of sign perception experiments, and the application of such knowledge in ASLR. Among the findings are the facts that not all phases and elements of a sign are equally informative, that defining the ‘correct’ form for a sign is not trivial, and that statistical ASLR methods do not necessarily arrive at sign representations that resemble those of human beings. Apparently, current ASLR methods are quite different from human observers: their method of learning gives them different sign definitions, they regard each moment and element of a sign as equally important and they employ a single definition of ‘correct’ for all circumstances. If the object is for an ASLR method to handle natural sign language, then the insights from sign perception research must be integrated into ASLR.","sign language perception; automatic sign language recognition; information distribution in signs; variation in signs","en","conference paper","SPIE","","","","","","","","Industrial Design Engineering","Human Information Communication Design","","","",""
"uuid:a05c1811-98b4-4e41-a811-61c9f440808b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a05c1811-98b4-4e41-a811-61c9f440808b","Expectations of Formal Model Analysis Methods: Implications for SIG-MA","Slinger, J.H.","","2009","At the 2008 System Dynamics Conference in Athens a survey of the understanding and expectations of conference participants regarding model analysis was conducted. Respondents included both those active in research on formal model analysis methods and those only vaguely familiar with the term. Results from the survey are presented and discussed and the implications for the Special Interest Group on Model Analysis (SIG-MA) explicated.","perceptions of formal model analysis; communicating model understanding; model behavior; special interest group; system dynamics","en","conference paper","System Dynamics Society","","","","","","","","Technology, Policy and Management","Multi Actor Systems","","","",""
"uuid:ea99969a-4c03-4f8c-97ac-3fb3c184a98a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ea99969a-4c03-4f8c-97ac-3fb3c184a98a","Recognizing architectural representations","Koutamanis, A.","","2006","","Representation; recognition; perception; architectural style","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","Architecture","","","","",""
"uuid:5b92721e-6179-4606-b79f-ea204660c293","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5b92721e-6179-4606-b79f-ea204660c293","Perception of detail in 3D images","Heyndrickx, I.; Kaptein, R.","","2009","A lot of current 3D displays suffer from the fact that their spatial resolution is lower compared to their 2D counterparts. One reason for this is that the multiple views needed to generate 3D are often spatially multiplexed. Besides this, imperfect separation of the left- and right-eye view leads to blurring or ghosting, and therefore to a decrease in perceived sharpness. However, people watching stereoscopic videos have reported that the 3D scene contained more details, compared to the 2D scene with identical spatial resolution. This is an interesting notion, that has never been tested in a systematic and quantitative way. To investigate this effect, we had people compare the amount of detail (”detailedness”) in pairs of 2D and 3D images. A blur filter was applied to one of the two images, and the blur level was varied using an adaptive staircase procedure. In this way, the blur threshold for which the 2D and 3D image contained perceptually the same amount of detail could be found. Our results show that the 3D image needed to be blurred more than the 2D image. This confirms the earlier qualitative findings that 3D images contain perceptually more details than 2D images with the same spatial resolution.","3D; perception; sharpness; detail; resolution","en","conference paper","SPIE","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Man-Machine Interaction","","","",""
"uuid:11ab9d50-5184-4cda-bd0d-4e3a44309d2b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:11ab9d50-5184-4cda-bd0d-4e3a44309d2b","Theory of barrier crossing","Polet, Ph.; Van Der Haegen, F.; Wieringa, P.A.","","2000","","risk assessment; risk perception; human factors; accident and incident prevention","en","conference paper","European Communities","","","","","","","","Mechanical Maritime and Materials Engineering","","","","",""
"uuid:afd29a8f-f26c-43bb-9a0d-91a676e85b6e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:afd29a8f-f26c-43bb-9a0d-91a676e85b6e","Fusion of Perceptions in Architectural Design","Ciftcioglu, O.; Bittermann, M.S.","","2013","A method for fusion of perceptions is presented. It is based on probabilistic treatment of perception, where perception quantifies the chance an unbiased observer sees an environmental object, and the associated probability can be interpreted as degree of awareness for the object. The approach uniquely accounts for the fact that final realization or remembrance of a scene in the brain may be absent or elusive, so that it is subject to probabilistic considerations. For objects that are to be perceived from multiple viewpoints, such as a sculpture in a museum, or a building in its urban context, the probabilistic approach uniquely defines the fusion of perceptions. This is accomplished by carrying out the probabilistic union of events. The computation is presented together with its geometric implications, which become rather intricate for multiple observers, whereas the computation is straight forward. The method is exemplified for two applications in architectural design at different scales, namely interior and urban design, indicating the generic nature as well as the large application potential of the method.","perception; vision modeling; architectural design; evolutionary search","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:df095632-cf98-49ae-bca8-b308b11d5558","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:df095632-cf98-49ae-bca8-b308b11d5558","Improving the road network performance with dynamic route guidance by considering the indifference band of road users","Vreeswijk, J.D.; Landman, R.L.; Van Berkum, E.C.; Hegyi, A.; Hoogendoorn, S.P.; Van Arem, B.","","2012","When applying dynamic route guidance to improve the network performance, it is important to balance the interests of the road authorities and the road users. In this paper we will illustrate how bounded rationality and indifference bands can be taken into account in dynamic route guidance to improve the network performance while respecting the interests of road users. The paper elaborates on empirical findings reported in literature to propose a suitable interpretation and utilization of the indifference bands in a control approach. By means of a service level-oriented route guidance control approach we evaluated the potential gain in network performance of different absolute indifference bands. Results from a simulation test case show a reduction in total travel time of 5% compared to user equilibrium, in case of an indifference band of 4 minutes for a trip of approximately 22 minutes. The improvement in network performance increases with an increasing indifferent band, up to 14% in case of an indifference band of 10 minutes.","Route guidance; bounded rationality; indifference band; perception error; service levels; network performance","en","conference paper","University of Toronto","","","","","","","","Civil Engineering and Geosciences","Transport and Planning","","","",""
"uuid:3808650d-3eae-4df4-925e-833dd5a0d40c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3808650d-3eae-4df4-925e-833dd5a0d40c","Mixing material modes","Pont, S.C.; Koenderink, J.J.; Van Doorn, A.J.; Wijntjes, M.W.A.; Te Pas, S.F.","","2012","We present a novel setup in which real objects made of different materials can be mixed optically. For the materials we chose mutually very different materials, which we assume to represent canonical modes. The appearance of 3D objects consisting of any material can be described as linear superposition of 3D objects of different canonical materials, as in “painterly mixes”. In this paper we studied mixtures of matte, glossy and velvety objects, representing diffuse, forward and asperity scattering modes. Observers rated optical mixtures on four scales: matte-glossy, hard-soft, cold warm, light-heavy. The ratings were done for the three combinations of glossy, matte, and velvety green birds. For each combination we tested 7 weightings. Matte-glossy ratings varied most over the stimuli and showed highest (most glossy) scores for the rather glossy bird and lowest (most matte) for the rather velvety bird. Hard-soft and cold-warm were rated highest (most soft and warm) for rather velvety and lowest (most hard and cold) for rather glossy birds. Light-heavy was rated only somewhat higher (heavier) for rather glossy birds. The ratings varied systematically with the weights of the contributions, corresponding to gradually changing mixtures of material modes. We discuss a range of possibilities for our novel setup.","material perception; qualities; ecological optics; appearance; imaging; HDR; glossiness","en","conference paper","SPIE","","","","","","","","Industrial Design Engineering","Industrial Design","","","",""
"uuid:f569a60f-34f8-4aa6-bf19-8e3adc3b71b6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f569a60f-34f8-4aa6-bf19-8e3adc3b71b6","The influence of end-user perception on the economic feasibility of sustainable building skin renovations","Bogers, B.A.; Van den Berg, D.; Zijlstra, S.; De Jong, P.","","2015","Considering the small addition in the housing supply of newly built dwellings, meeting sustainable goals in the Netherlands will have to come from the existing housing supply. TU Delft’s Solar Decathlon 2014 design focuses on achieving a zero energy renovation that is both sustainable as well as attractive for inhabitants of the most frequent housing typology in the Netherlands, a row house. A strong emphasis in the design has been the expansion from the focus on energy efficiency and pay-back periods, towards the many potential added values in comfort, space, aesthetics and end-user involvement. After the competition the design as market product has been tested and further research has been performed. Even though this has not resulted in a viable market proposition yet, many benefits of a broader value proposition have become evident both in the form of market value and end-user value.","post-war terraced housing; zero energy renovation; sustainable building skins; quality perception; economic feasibility; Prêt-à-Loger","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","Architecture and The Built Environment","Management in the Built Environment","","","",""
"uuid:7dc6d63b-a21b-4753-81e1-587527da572d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7dc6d63b-a21b-4753-81e1-587527da572d","Shading and shadowing on Canaletto's Piazza San Marco","Wijntjes, M.W.A.; De Ridder, H.","","2014","Whereas the 17th century painter Canaletto was a master in linear perspective of the architectural elements, he seems to have had considerable difficulty with linear perspective of shadows. A common trick to avoid shadow perspective problems is to set the (solar) illumination direction parallel to the projection screen. We investigated in one painting where Canaletto clearly used this trick, whether he followed this light direction choice consistently through in how he shades the persons. We approached this question with a perceptual experiment where we measured perceived light directions in isolated details of the paintings. Specifically, we controlled whether observers could only see the (cast) shadow, only shading or both. We found different trends in all three conditions. The results indicate that Canaletto probably used different shading than the parallel light direction would predict. We interpret the results as a form or artistic freedom that Canaletto used to shade the persons individually. © (2014) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only","art and perception; illumination perception; pictorial space; shadows and shading","en","conference paper","SPIE","","","","","","","","Industrial Design Engineering","Industrial Design","","","",""
"uuid:b415aa20-94a9-468d-87fe-fee5c578888d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b415aa20-94a9-468d-87fe-fee5c578888d","Developing an edugame simulation application for engineering: It works in practice, but will it work in theory?","Keenaghan, G.; Horvath, I.; Van der Vegte, W.F.","","2015","This article describes the development of a web-based 3D simulation of an engineering workshop in refrigeration plant maintenance and the challenge of moving the application from a knowledge and skills acquisition model to a problem-solving edugame model across a range of possible scenarios within the restrictions of an academic programme’s learning outcomes. The 3D simulation workshop is described together with its real-world equivalent. The limitations of the app. simulation in engaging students in complex problem-solving are described together with the search for learning design theories to inform further development of the app. as a multi-level, scenario-based edugame. The article ends with an indication of the proposed collaborative process to further develop the app. by taking close cognisance of appropriate learning and gaming theories.","edugames; cognitive absorption; scenario learning, perceptive immersive; flow theory","en","conference paper","Dublin Institute of Technology","","","","","","","","Industrial Design Engineering","Design Engineering","","","",""
"uuid:b530581c-df24-47a5-84dc-7f5382d72908","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b530581c-df24-47a5-84dc-7f5382d72908","The Perception of Small Scale Damage and Repairs of Natural Stone","Quist, W.; Van Hees, R.; Naldin, S.; Nijland, T.","","2008","By means of a questionnaire a study was carried out to investigate the perception of small scale damage and repairs of natural stone used in buildings. Participants were asked to evaluate damage to natural stone shown on pictures. They were also asked to give their opinion on interventions needed to preserve or restore the material. Significant differences can be found between specialists and non-specialists in conservation. Respondents consider some cases as “damage” situations, even though no intervention is deemed as necessary, as if damage was a sort of natural weathering, thus to be expected and accepted. In other cases, also defined as “‘damage” situations, interventions are considered necessary. This seems to imply the use of a different criterion to define “damage”, maybe including the expected risks related to its development. This study contributes to the definition of damage, and to a better understanding of the criteria used by different people to decide on the need of interventions.","Perception; Conservation; Damage; Natural Stone; Intervention","en","conference paper","Istanbul Technical University","","","","","","","","Architecture","Building Conservation","","","",""
"uuid:55d5d114-33ad-4897-be80-8bb72b691631","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:55d5d114-33ad-4897-be80-8bb72b691631","Pictorial relief for equiluminant images","Van Doorn, A.J.; De Ridder, H.; Koenderink, J.J.","","2005","Pictorial relief depends strongly on “cues” in the image. For isoluminant renderings some cues are missing, namely all information that is related to luminance contrast (e.g., shading, atmospheric perspective). It has been suggested that spatial discrimination and especially pictorial space suffer badly in isoluminant conditions. We have investigated the issue through quantitative measurement of pictorial depth-structure under normal and isoluminant conditions. As stimuli we used monochrome halftone photographs, either as such, or “transposed” to Red/Green or Green/Red hue modulations. We used two distinct methods, one to probe pictorial pose (by way of correspondences settings between pictures of an object in different poses), the other to probe pictorial depth (by way of attitude settings of a gauge figure to a perceptual “fit”). In both experiments the depth reconstructions for Red/Green, Green/Red and monochrome conditions were very similar. Moreover, observers performed equally well in Red/Green, Green/Red and monochrome conditions. Thus, the general conclusion is that observers did not do markedly worse with the isoluminant Red/Green and Green/Red transposed images. Whereas the transposed images certainly looked weird, they were easily interpreted. Much of the structure of pictorial space was apparently preserved. Thus the notion that spatial representations are not sustained under isoluminant conditions should be applied with caution.","pictorial space; isoluminant images; pictorial relief; picture perception; pictorial cues","en","conference paper","SPIE","","","","","","","","Industrial Design Engineering","Human Information Communication Design","","","",""
"uuid:33f0c895-ef52-4548-b369-9d04e2fb32af","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:33f0c895-ef52-4548-b369-9d04e2fb32af","Breaking the Stigma: Faculty and Student Perceptions and Experiences with OER","Reardon, Tiffani (Kennesaw State University)","","2018","Over the last few years, Affordable Learning Georgia, an initiative of the University System of Georgia, has been releasing Textbook Transformation Grants to promote creation and adoption of open educational resources across USG institutions. Many of the faculty at Kennesaw State University, located just outside Atlanta, Georgia, have taken advantage of these grants to create, revise, remix, and reuse OER in their online, hybrid, and face-to-face courses in place of expensive textbooks. As of March 2018, 26 teams at KSU had been awarded Textbook Transformation Grants, and those projects have a combined estimated annual impact of $3.5 million saved among an estimated 13,467 students each year, and counting. This presentation and paper will outline the various open textbooks created, resources gathered, and classes transformed by ALG grants at KSU. It will also explore the student perceptions of these projects based on survey data; grade and withdrawal statistics in comparison to the same classes with expensive textbooks; and faculty perceptions and experiences with their created, reused, and remixed OER within their classes.","Transform; Affordable; OER; Perceptions; Experiences; Textbook","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:0ebae0e6-7814-4cd8-8179-9051431d4b38","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0ebae0e6-7814-4cd8-8179-9051431d4b38","The environment provides the reference frame for self-motion perception","Van Der Steen, H.F.A.M.; Kamphuis, H.H.","","1995","","perception; visual; vestibular; visual-vestibular interaction; psychophysics; self-motion; perception models; optimal estimators","en","conference paper","Delft University of Technology","","","","","","","","Aerospace Engineering","","","","",""
"uuid:560b4497-0278-494f-80c8-2d2f51da122c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:560b4497-0278-494f-80c8-2d2f51da122c","Perceptual effects of overlapping curved glass","Cruz, P.J.S.; Veer, F.A.; Carvalho, P.L.L.","","2010","The application of glass in contemporary architecture explores perceptual phenomenon that intentionally change the way we experience space. SANAA'S recent work uses glass in a radical way, proposing a renewed approach to transparency. The Toledo Glass Pavilion, with most spaces defined by glass walls, presents an intense visual experience. The overiapping of glass produces perceptual effects that vary according to depth and lighting conditions. This paper proposes an altemative reading of these phenomena, beyond its aesthetical delight, based on contemporary artistic practices.","curved glass; overlapping; perception; transparency; reflection; atmosphere","en","conference paper","Technische Universität Darmstadt, Technische Universität Dresden","","","","","","","","Architecture","Building Technology","","","",""
"uuid:e664e0ce-42c6-4383-a892-b2d1aa2650d2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e664e0ce-42c6-4383-a892-b2d1aa2650d2","Designerly Visualisation: Conceptions, Methods, Models, Perceptions","Breen, J.L.H.","","2013","If we wish to reach a deeper, more objective understanding of the phenomena of Architectural and Environmental Design, we need to develop and apply working methods that allow us to imaginatively analyse and consequently envision the formal issues which are at (inter)play: demonstrating their workings and effects in the ‘Real World’. First of all, it is essential that we reach a level of clarity – and preferably consensus – concerning our shared conceptions about how we actually consider acts and artefacts of architectural enterprise. Subsequently, we need to appreciate and elucidate what we might consider to be fitting and relevant working methods, which may do justice to the qualities and peculiarities of architectural design, yet may stand up to scientific scrutiny... In the context of the methodical study of designing as a process and designs as their physical, tangible outcomes, it may be beneficial to look for conceptual and perceptual models that may help to further and structure intellectual enquiry and help us to visualise and communicate options, findings, insights and outcomes. Lastly, it is essential to create visual modes of organisation and representation that will not only do justice to the physical and intellectual qualities of architecture, but may trigger perceptions, eloquently and imaginatively demonstrating the consequences of characteristic formal interventions.","conceptions; methods; models; perceptions; architecture; design; visualisation","en","conference paper","Politecnico di Milano","","","","","","","","Architecture and The Built Environment","Architecture","","","",""
"uuid:5b34b5c1-c752-4001-88f9-b976aba5d57a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5b34b5c1-c752-4001-88f9-b976aba5d57a","Improving the mood of elderly with coloured lighting","Kuijsters, A.; Redi, J.A.; De Ruyter, B.; Heynderickx, I.E.J.R.","","2011","The ACE project aims at developing an adaptive ambience creation platform which can improve the well-being of elderly people in care centers. The system will contain a sensing platform, which measures and analyses the context in a room and an ambience creation platform, which creates ambiences with proven effectiveness for improving the mood of the elderly. It has been shown in literature that lighting can influence people’s mood; however, consistent effects have scarcely been documented. The effects of lighting characteristics on atmosphere perception, on the other hand, are better documented. It has been proved that ambiences with a positive affective meaning (e.g. cosy, activating) can be created with the combination of functional and atmospheric LED lighting. We expect that these ambiences can improve the mood of elderly towards its affective meaning. The experiments we intend to perform in order to achieve that goal are discussed in the paper","mood, ambience, atmosphere perception, LED lighting, elderly","en","conference paper","s.n.","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Mediamatics","","","",""
"uuid:8840de7a-0210-4657-9195-91c80839a548","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8840de7a-0210-4657-9195-91c80839a548","Ambient Surveillance by Probabilistic-Possibilistic Perception","Bittermann, M.S.; Ciftcioglu, O.","","2013","A method for quantifying ambient surveillance is presented, which is based on probabilistic-possibilistic perception. The human surveillance of a scene through observing camera sensed images on a monitor is modeled in three steps. First immersion of the observer is simulated by modeling perception of the scene from the camera locations using probabilistic perception approach. The perceptions are thereafter combined by means of probabilistic union, simulating simultaneous watching of the scene from multiple viewing positions. As third step the combined perceptions are converted to a possibility using triangular possibility density function. The latter step accounts for the fact that surveillance takes place via monitor depiction and not directly as perception of the actual physical scene. The method is described and demonstrated by means of an ambient surveillance application involving three cameras. The resulting possibility of perception is compared to the case of using two cameras, quantifying the added value of additional camera as to surveillance","perception; possibility; ambient intelligence; surveillance","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:34c3bf54-ce8b-47e1-af8d-78d2db6957e6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:34c3bf54-ce8b-47e1-af8d-78d2db6957e6","Modelling travel time perception in transport mode choices","Varotto, S.F.; Glerum, A.; Stathopoulos, A.; Bierlaire, M.; Longo, G.","","2015","Travel behaviour models typically rely on data afflicted by errors, in perception (e.g., over/under-estimation by traveller) and measurement (e.g., software or researcher imputation error). Such errors are shown to have a relevant impact on model outputs. So far a comprehensive framework to deal with different types of biases related to travel model inputs is missing. In this paper, focusing on travel time, we include two types of measures (i.e., ""calculated"" and ""reported"")as indicators of an unobservable true travel time. The aim of including these travel time indicators is to investigate how the underlying travel time perception on behalf of travellers influences the modal choice, compared to the role of externally obtained measurements. The model framework is a latent variable structure where the different travel time indicators serve as manifestations, characterized by different types of biases, of the true travel time. The model is applied to a mode choice case study from Trieste (Italy). Notably, for this data-set, it is established that the calculated travel time distributions (i.e., measured by devices such as an assignment model developed with the software Visum and Google Maps) do not match the reported travel time distributions (i.e., reported by respondents in the survey). Therefore, a discrete choice model that employs available data and accounts for data limitations is developed. Results fromcomparing the base model assuming error-free inputs and the integrated models show more consistent and plausible model outputs such as value of time for the latter.","travel time perception; measurement error; mode choice; discrete choice","en","conference paper","TRB","","","","","","","","Civil Engineering and Geosciences","Transport & Planning","","","",""
"uuid:78f1d5ef-3d9a-4e35-b3b2-0c2c0ff96b21","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:78f1d5ef-3d9a-4e35-b3b2-0c2c0ff96b21","Box spaces in pictorial space: Linear perspective versus templates","De Ridder, H.; Pont, S.C.","","2012","In the past decades perceptual (or perceived) image quality has been one of the most important criteria for evaluating digitally processed image and video content. With the growing popularity of new media like stereoscopic displays there is a tendency to replace image quality with viewing experience as the ultimate criterion. Adopting such a high-level psychological criterion calls for a rethinking of the premises underlying human judgment. One premise is that perception is about accurately reconstructing the physical world in front of you (“inverse optics”). That is, human vision is striving for veridicality. The present study investigated one of its consequences, namely, that linear perspective will always yield the correct description of the perceived 3D geometry in 2D images. To this end, human observers adjusted the frontal view of a wireframe box on a television screen so as to look equally deep and wide (i.e. to look like a cube) or twice as deep as wide. In a number of stimulus configurations, the results showed huge deviations from veridicality suggesting that the inverse optics model fails. Instead, the results seem to be more in line with a model of “vision as optical interface","linear perspective, veridicality, interface theory of perception, foreshortening, viewing distance, object size","en","conference paper","SPIE","","","","","","","","Industrial Design Engineering","Industrial Design","","","",""
"uuid:af78b7a2-f8b3-4659-87b7-709a9a8fb33e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:af78b7a2-f8b3-4659-87b7-709a9a8fb33e","Space perception in pictures","Van Doorn, A.J.; Wagemans, J.; De Ridder, H.; Koenderink, J.J.","","2011","A ""picture"" is a at object covered with pigments in a certain pattern. Human observers, when looking ""into"" a picture (photograph, painting, drawing, . . . say) often report to experience a three dimensional ""pictorial space."" This space is a mental entity, apparently triggered by so called pictorial cues. The latter are sub-structures of color patterns that are pre-consciously designated by the observer as ""cues,"" and that are often considered to play a crucial role in the construction of pictorial space. In the case of the visual arts these structures are often introduced by the artist with the intention to trigger certain experiences in prospective viewers, whereas in the case of photographs the intentionality is limited to the viewer. We have explored various methods to operationalize geometrical properties, typically relative to some observer perspective. Here ""perspective"" is to be understood in a very general, not necessarily geometric sense, akin to Gombrich's ""beholder's share"". Examples include pictorial depth, either in a metrical, or a mere ordinal sense. We find that different observers tend to agree remarkably well on ordinal relations, but show dramatic differences in metrical relations.","vision; picture perception; pictorial space; depth cues; beholder's share","en","conference paper","SPIE","","","","","","","","Industrial Design Engineering","Industrial Design","","","",""
"uuid:a6277f56-5951-4f95-b2f8-f03f2f532920","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a6277f56-5951-4f95-b2f8-f03f2f532920","Human perception of geometric distortions in images","Setyawan, I.; Lagendijk, L.","","2004","We present in this paper the results of our study on the human perception of geometric distortions in images. The ultimate goal of this study is to devise an objective measurement scheme for geometric distortions in images, which should have a good correspondence to human perception of the distortions. The study is divided into two parts. The first part of the study is the design and implementation of a user-test to measure human perception of geometric distortions in images. The result of this test is then used as a basis to evaluate the performance of the second part of the study, namely the objective quality measurement scheme. Our experiment shows that our objective quality measurement has good correspondence to the result of the user test and performs much better than a PSNR measurement.","geometric distortions; human perception; perceptual test","en","conference paper","SPIE","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Department of Mediamatics","","","",""
"uuid:6c0968c9-d0d3-4431-83c8-080da6875eae","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6c0968c9-d0d3-4431-83c8-080da6875eae","Characterization of architectural and urban atmospheres in 'grands ensembles"" (large-scale housing estates), built in France of the 1950s en 1973s","Bensalma, A.; Musy, M.; Simonnot, N.","","2011","This paper introduces results of three case-studies of large-scale housing estates situated in Nantes (France): Dervallières (1952/1965), Breil Malville (1955/1967) and Malakoff (1967/1971). The main objective of this grands ensembles study is to produce knowledge about their architectural and urban atmosphere characteristic. The atmosphere concept is defined as interaction between some physical phenomenons like: sound, light, wind with urban environment as perceived by the space occupant [Augoyard J-F, 1998]. This paper is organized globally in two parts, the first part presents brief synthesis of history and current context of these areas, second part gives idea about atmospheres characteristic for three cases-studies. This consists in clarifying and analyzing complex relationships between urban, social and physical (sound, light, sunshine, wind, etc.) environment, taking into account users perceptions and urban renewal.","grands ensembles; atmosphere; renewal; perception; characterization","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:fc67d749-e4ca-4ff0-ae43-98efbf399309","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fc67d749-e4ca-4ff0-ae43-98efbf399309","Matching Representation to Perception","Koutamanis, A.","","2007","","Mobile computing; architectural guide; representation; perception; recognition","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","Architecture","","","","",""
"uuid:a5b53b09-9aa7-4f53-a0eb-c59bf07a3b61","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a5b53b09-9aa7-4f53-a0eb-c59bf07a3b61","Music identification using brain responses to initial snippets","Pandey, Pankaj (Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar); Sharma, Gulshan (Indian Institute of Technology Ropar); Miyapuram, Krishna P. (Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar); Subramanian, Ramanathan (University of Canberra); Lomas, J.D. (TU Delft Design Aesthetics)","","2022","Naturalistic music typically contains repetitive musical patterns that are present throughout the song. These patterns form a signature, enabling effortless song recognition. We investigate whether neural responses corresponding to these repetitive patterns also serve as a signature, enabling recognition of later song segments on learning initial segments. We examine EEG encoding of naturalistic musical patterns employing the NMED-T and MUSIN-G datasets. Experiments reveal that (a) training machine learning classifiers on the initial 20s song segment enables accurate prediction of the song from the remaining segments; (b) β and γ band power spectra achieve optimal song classification, and (c) listener-specific EEG responses are observed for the same stimulus, characterizing individual differences in music perception.","music perception; Neural signatures; repetitive musical patterns; song identification","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","Design Aesthetics","","",""
"uuid:6e78308d-25d1-47c1-b66c-2f105ce09c1b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6e78308d-25d1-47c1-b66c-2f105ce09c1b","Stereo Visual Inertial Odometry for Robots with Limited Computational Resources*","Bahnam, Stavrow (Student TU Delft); Pfeiffer, S.U. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); de Croon, G.C.H.E. (TU Delft Control & Simulation)","","2021","Current existing stereo visual odometry algorithms are computationally too expensive for robots with restricted resources. Executing these algorithms on such robots leads to a low frame rate and unacceptable decay in accuracy. We modify S-MSCKF, one of the most computationally efficient stereo Visual Inertial Odometry (VIO) algorithm, to improve its speed and accuracy when tracking low numbers of features. Specifically, we implement the Inverse Lucas-Kanade (ILK) algorithm for feature tracking and stereo matching. An outlier detector based on the average sum square difference of the template and matching warp in the ILK ensures higher robustness, e.g., in the presence of brightness changes. We restrict stereo matching to slide the window only in the x-direction to further decrease the computational costs. Moreover, we limit detection of new features to the regions of interest that have too few features. The modified S-MSCKF uses half of the processing time while obtaining competitive accuracy. This allows the algorithm to run in real-time on the extremely limited Raspberry Pi Zero single-board computer.","Aerial Systems: Perception and Autonomy; Vision-Based Navigation; Computational Efficiency","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","This work was supported by Royal Brinkman Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2022-06-21","","","Control & Simulation","","",""
"uuid:fbe6b0d4-cd10-4501-97da-2e6f77f7f4cd","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fbe6b0d4-cd10-4501-97da-2e6f77f7f4cd","How Do Neural Networks See Depth in Single Images?","van Dijk, Tom (TU Delft Control & Simulation); de Croon, G.C.H.E. (TU Delft Control & Simulation)","","2019","Deep neural networks have lead to a breakthrough in depth estimation from single images. Recent work shows that the quality of these estimations is rapidly increasing. It is clear that neural networks can see depth in single images. However, to the best of our knowledge, no work currently exists that analyzes what these networks have learned. In this work we take four previously published networks and investigate what depth cues they exploit. We find that all networks ignore the apparent size of known obstacles in favor of their vertical position in the image. The use of the vertical position requires the camera pose to be known; however, we find that these networks only partially recognize changes in camera pitch and roll angles. Small changes in camera pitch are shown to disturb the estimated distance towards obstacles. The use of the vertical image position allows the networks to estimate depth towards arbitrary obstacles - even those not appearing in the training set - but may depend on features that are not universally present.","neural networks; monocular depth estimation; Depth perception","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","Control & Simulation","","",""
"uuid:0ad0f88d-83ff-4af8-aa76-cc7eddaaacb0","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0ad0f88d-83ff-4af8-aa76-cc7eddaaacb0","Perceived relevance of automatic code inspection in end-user development: A study on VBA","Roy, S. (TU Delft Software Engineering); van Deursen, A. (TU Delft Software Technology); Hermans, F.F.J. (Universiteit Leiden)","","2019","Microsoft VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) is a programming language widely used by end-user programmers, often alongside the popular spreadsheet software Excel. Together they form the popular Excel-VBA application ecosystem. Despite being popular, spreadsheets are known to be fault-prone, and to minimize risk of faults in the overall Excel-VBA ecosystem, it is important to support end-user programmers in improving the code quality of their VBA programs also, in addition to improving spreadsheet technology and practices. In traditional software development, automatic code inspection using static analysis tools has been found effective in improving code quality, but the practical relevance of this technique in an end-user development context remains unexplored. With the aim of popularizing it in the end-user community, in this paper we examine the relevance of automatic code inspection in terms of how inspection rules are perceived by VBA programmers. We conduct a qualitative study consisting of interviews with 14 VBA programmers, who share their perceptions about 20 inspection rules that most frequently detected code quality issues in an industrial dataset of 25 VBA applications, obtained from a financial services company. Results show that the 20 studied inspection rules can be grouped into three categories of user perceptions based on the type of issues they warn about: i) 11 rules that warn about serious problems which need fixing, ii) 7 rules that warn about bad practices which do not mandate fixing, and iii) 2 rules that warn about purposeful code elements rather than issues. Based on these perceptions, we conclude that automatic code inspection is considerably relevant in an end-user development context such as VBA. The perceptions also indicate which inspection rules deserve the most attention from interested researchers and tool developers. Lastly, our results also reveal 3 additional issue types that are not covered by the existing inspection rules, and are therefore impetus for creating new rules.","Code quality; Developer perceptions; End-user development; Static analysis; VBA","en","conference paper","Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","","","","","","","","","Software Technology","Software Engineering","","",""
"uuid:6f838ef3-bd2d-4735-9857-dba8101c321d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6f838ef3-bd2d-4735-9857-dba8101c321d","Are short product lifetimes ineluctable?: An exploration of consumers’ perceptions of lifetime extension strategies","Magnier, L.B.M. (TU Delft Marketing and Consumer Research); Mugge, R. (TU Delft Marketing and Consumer Research)","Lockton, D. (editor); Lenzi, S.L. (editor); Hekkert, P.P.M. (editor); Oak, A. (editor); Sadaba, J. (editor); , P.A. Lloyd (editor)","2022","There is consensus that product lifetimes are generally decreasing. To create a sustainable society, the circular economy promotes slowing down the use of resources by lengthening product lifetimes. This is especially important for electronic products that are energy-intensive in their production phase and create vast amounts of waste after use. While design strategies have been proposed to lengthen product lifetimes, it is unclear whether consumers deem them effective. This paper proposes an overview of lifetime extension strategies for electronic products and reports the results of a quantitative study with 617 participants who were asked to evaluate the extent to which these strategies could have extended the lifetime of a recently replaced product. Results indicate that the durability / reliability strategy is most effective. However, consumers are not yet convinced of the effectiveness of most strategies","product lifetime; premature obsolescence; lifetime extension strategies,; consumer perceptions","en","conference paper","Design Research Society","","","","","","","","","","Marketing and Consumer Research","","",""
"uuid:d32c5692-d4b1-4366-af51-e59c320f48b6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d32c5692-d4b1-4366-af51-e59c320f48b6","Do facilities matter?: The influence of facility satisfaction on perceived labour productivity of office employee","Batenburg, RS; van der Voordt, Theo (TU Delft Real Estate Management)","","2008","Purpose: Companies spend a lot of money to provide facilities such as a nice, effective and efficient building, well designed ergonomic furniture, sophisticated IT, cleaning services, catering, and safety services. Both from a theoretical perspective as well as from a managerial point of view, it is important to know if and how strongly facilities do affect employee satisfaction and labour productivity. The paper discusses the results of research on this issue.
Methods: A brief review of literature and statistical analyses of a database of the Delft Center for People and Buildings, with 2197 respondents from 17 different office environments. The database includes data from Diagnostic Post-Occupancy Evaluations on user satisfaction with regard to the organization, working processes, the office concept and a number of facilities.
Findings: Most annual and biannual surveys among Dutch office employees use questionnaires with hardly any questions about the physical environment. Statistical analyses of the Delft database showed a significant but weak correlation between user satisfaction on facilities and self estimated percentage of time that one is being productive. Much stronger correlations came up when satisfaction about facilities is linked to users’ perceptions of the supporting impact of the working environment on ones own productivity.
Implications: The results showed statistical support for the added value of facility provisions. But other variables have their impact, too. A more intensive co-operation between scholars, facility managers and Human Resource managers may help to improve our understanding of the complex relationships between the working environment and perceived labour productivity.","facilities; perception; satisfaction; productivity; POE","en","conference paper","IBC EUROFORUM GmbH","","","","","","","","","","Real Estate Management","","",""
"uuid:34045a34-02db-4441-8846-b9f094680d7d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:34045a34-02db-4441-8846-b9f094680d7d","Evaluating Automatic Spreadsheet Metadata Extraction on a Large Set of Responses from MOOC Participants","Roy, S. (TU Delft Software Engineering); Hermans, F.F.J. (TU Delft Software Engineering); Aivaloglou, E.A. (TU Delft Software Engineering); Winter, J.; van Deursen, A. (TU Delft Software Technology)","Jiu, A. (editor)","2016","Spreadsheets are popular end-user computing applications and one reason behind their popularity is that they offer a large degree of freedom to their users regarding the way they can structure their data. However, this flexibility also makes spreadsheets difficult to understand. Textual documentation can address this issue, yet for supporting automatic generation of textual documentation, an important pre-requisite is to extract metadata inside spreadsheets. It is a challenge though, to distinguish between data and metadata due to the lack of universally accepted structural patterns in spreadsheets. Two existing approaches for automatic extraction of spreadsheet metadata were not evaluated on large datasets consisting of user inputs. Hence in this paper, we describe the collection of a large number of user responses regarding identification of spreadsheet metadata from participants of a MOOC. We describe the use of this large dataset to understand how users identify metadata in spreadsheets, and to evaluate two existing approaches of automatic metadata extraction from spreadsheets. The results provide us with directions to follow in order to improve metadata extraction approaches, obtained from insights about user perception of metadata. We also understand what type of spreadsheet patterns the existing approaches perform well and on what type poorly, and thus which problem areas to focus on in order to improve.","computer aided instruction; meta data; personal computing; spreadsheet programs; text analysis; MOOC participants; automatic spreadsheet metadata extraction; automatic textual documentation generation; data structure; end-user computing applications; metadata user perception; spreadsheet patterns; Computers; Conferences; Data mining; Documentation; Metadata; Reliability; Software; Empirical evaluation; MOOC; Meta-data extraction; Spreadsheet; User-study","en","conference paper","IEEE Society","","","","","","","","","Software Technology","Software Engineering","","",""
"uuid:314c4cd3-6eb4-4a23-9ffd-e4a27d45ac9e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:314c4cd3-6eb4-4a23-9ffd-e4a27d45ac9e","Object-alignment performance in a head-mounted display versus a monitor","Bazilinskyy, P. (TU Delft OLD Intelligent Vehicles & Cognitive Robotics); Kovacsova, N. (TU Delft OLD Intelligent Vehicles & Cognitive Robotics); Al Jawahiri, Amir; Kapel, Pieter; Mulckhuyse, Joppe; Wagenaar, Sjors; de Winter, J.C.F. (TU Delft OLD Intelligent Vehicles & Cognitive Robotics)","","2016","","Depth perception; Ergonomics; Human factors; Human-machine interaction; Oculus Rift; User-centered design","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2017-08-09","","","OLD Intelligent Vehicles & Cognitive Robotics","","",""
"uuid:3794a461-8fa2-4780-8650-855467f6c846","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3794a461-8fa2-4780-8650-855467f6c846","Perception Centered Transparency Evaluation of Wave-variable based Bilateral Teleoperation","Fu, W. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); van Paassen, M.M. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); Mulder, Max (TU Delft Control & Operations; TU Delft Control & Simulation)","O’Conner, Lisa (editor)","2018","Wave-variable transformation is a means to maintain stability of haptic teleoperation in the presence of communication time delays. Its drawback is that it affects haptic perception of remote properties and thereby degrades transparency. This paper studies the effect of wave-variable transformation on human haptic perception. Based on a framework of haptic perception developed in previous work, we systematically investigated how the wave variable affects human perception of damping, mass and stiffness properties of an arbitrary linear environment. Both the original wave-variable approach and the generalized wave-variable approach are investigated. Results show how both approaches change human perception of all three mechanical properties of the environment, and how these changes vary with both excitation frequency and time delay. The generalized wave-variable approach on the whole outperforms the original in terms of rendering mass and stiffness, but not always for rendering damping. Results also show that human perception of the dynamics rendered by both approaches is similar to that of the original environment only when time delays are small. As the time delay increases, evaluating the mechanical properties can become very difficult for a human operator if the interaction with the environment is not static.","Teleoperation; Transparency; Wave variable; Haptic perception; Mechanical properties","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","","","","","Control & Operations","Control & Simulation","","",""
"uuid:434d7014-a5d8-44de-bd76-618b8e8915fe","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:434d7014-a5d8-44de-bd76-618b8e8915fe","Improving railway passengers experience: Two perspectives","van Hagen, Mark (N.V. Nederlandse Spoorwegen); van Oort, N. (TU Delft Transport and Planning)","","2018","This paper describes two perspectives to improve the passenger experience. The passenger satisfaction pyramid is introduced, consisting of the base of the pyramid (dissatisfiers) focusing on time well saved and the top of the pyramid (satisfiers) aiming at time well spent. The challenge in planning and design of public transport services is to find the most efficient (set of) design choices. Depending on the context this might either mean focusing on the top or on the bottom of the pyramid. We found that influencing and enhancing the qualities of the satisfiers is far more important than traditional studies showed us. For stations, regression analyses show that dissatisfiers are responsible for explaining almost half of the total score of the station and satisfiers are responsible for the other half of the scores passengers give for the station. We still have to put a lot of energy in getting the basics right, starting in the planning phase, but then we are not allowed to lean back. We have to keep investing in qualities like ambience, comfort and experience which makes the customers truly happy at the end of the day.","Passenger experience; Service reliability; Perception; Behaviour","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","Transport and Planning","","",""
"uuid:27680350-0252-4d67-8d6d-a77b82ae770b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:27680350-0252-4d67-8d6d-a77b82ae770b","The impact of earthquakes on residential wellbeing","Jansen, S.J.T. (TU Delft OLD Support RES)","","2018","In the Netherlands, the extraction of natural gas from the ground has led to soil subsidence and the occurrence of earthquakes. These earthquakes cause physical damage to buildings and also lead to psychological problems and decreased housing satisfaction. Research on the impact of natural hazards has shown that there is a complicated relationship between perceived risk, place attachment and coping behaviour. The current study provides further insight into this relationship. The research questions are the following:
1) What is the relationship between place attachment and risk perception?
2) What is the relationship between risk perception and the intention to move?
3) Is the relationship between risk perception and intention to move influenced by place attachment?
4) What is the role of psychological distress in the interaction between place attachment, risk perception and the intention to move?
The results show that, in general, (1) residents with the highest level of attachment show the highest mean risk perception. Furthermore, (2) residents with a higher risk perception more frequently indicate that they intend to move. Moreover (3), there is an interaction between place attachment, perceived risk and the intention to move. Strongly attached residents show a high level of risk perception, but are less willing to move. Finally, (4) this finding cannot be explained by a low level of psychological distress in strongly attached residents as their level of psychological distress is relatively high.","place attachment; risk perception; wellbeing; earthquakes","en","conference paper","ENHR","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2019-07-01","","","OLD Support RES","","",""
"uuid:04184b05-d669-4549-aad3-1ee65dd1c0c2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:04184b05-d669-4549-aad3-1ee65dd1c0c2","Can thermal perception in a building be predicted by the perceived spatial openness of a building in a hot and humid climate?","Du, X. (TU Delft Building Physics); Bokel, R.M.J. (TU Delft Building Physics); van den Dobbelsteen, A.A.J.F. (TU Delft Architectural Engineering +Technology)","Brotas, Luisa (editor); Roaf, Susan (editor); Nicol, Fergus (editor)","2017","The authors wanted to prove that there is a large correlation between the concepts spatial openness and comfort (visual, wind speed and thermal) perception in people’s minds in a hot and humid climate in summer in order to be able to use spatial configuration parameters such as openness, connectivity and depth as a design tool for a comfortable an energy efficient building in the early design stages. 513 local Chinese college architecture students in 2015 were questioned about the relationship between spatial openness and comfort perception. The main findings for a hot and humid climate are: a. spatial openness of a particular space significantly effects occupants’ visual perception, wind speed perception and thermal perception in a particular space (p < .05). b. There is a strong effect size between spatial openness and visual and wind perception (w = .50 and .54); the effect size of the thermal perception is weaker (w = .14). c. The comfort perception is strongly influenced by the time of day, therefore visual perception, wind perception and thermal perception can influence occupant movement between different spaces as is the advice of the adaptive thermal comfort.","Spatial openness; Thermal environment; Perception; Adaptive thermal comfort","en","conference paper","Network for Comfort and Energy Use in Buildings (NCEUB)","","","","","","","","","Architectural Engineering +Technology","Building Physics","","",""
"uuid:18df1f62-41ce-4db8-b1a0-e93b1c14ff87","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:18df1f62-41ce-4db8-b1a0-e93b1c14ff87","Visual Perception with Color for Architectural Aesthetics","Bittermann, M.S. (Maltepe University); Ciftcioglu, O. (TU Delft Design Informatics)","","2016","Studies on computer-based visual perception and aesthetical judgment for architectural design are presented. In the model, both color and the geometric aspects of human vision are jointly taken into account, quantifying the perception of an individual object, as well as a scene consisting of several objects. This is accomplished by fuzzy neural tree processing. Based on the perception model, aesthetical color compositions are identified for a scene using multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. The methodology is described together with associated computer experiments verifying the theoretical considerations. Modeling of aesthetical judgment is a significant step for
applications, where human-like visual perception and cognition are of concern. Examples of such applications are architectural design, product design, and urbanism.","Pareto front; visual perception; color difference; fuzzy neural tree; architectural design; genetic algorithm","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","Design Informatics","","",""
"uuid:54958976-7e5e-4120-abf1-fc3161033359","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:54958976-7e5e-4120-abf1-fc3161033359","Computational Cognitive Color Perception","Ciftcioglu, O. (TU Delft Design Informatics); Bittermann, M.S. (Maltepe University)","","2016","Comprehension of aesthetical color characteristics based on a computational model of visual perception and color cognition are presented. The computational comprehension is manifested by the machine’s capability of instantly assigning appropriate colors to the objects perceived. They form a scene with aesthetically pleasing characteristics. The present approach to computational cognition is principally the same as contrived earlier [1]. This work distinguishes itself from the earlier work through the involvement of color differences. The color difference computations are carried out based on a standard human color observer model. The color difference information is
combined with geometric perception information using the method of fuzzy neural tree based on likelihood. The study exemplifies the suitability of the computational cognition for modeling cognition phenomenon. Cognitive color perception in computational form has generic relevance to applications involving human-like aesthetical appreciation, as is the case in building architecture, for instance and other design tasks.","visual perception; color difference; cognitive computing; genetic algorithm; fuzzy neural tree; auto-association","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","Design Informatics","","",""
"uuid:3aa56cce-21bb-495e-a054-02b600609ff1","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3aa56cce-21bb-495e-a054-02b600609ff1","Interior spatial layout with soft objectives using evolutionary computation","Chatzikonstantinou, I. (TU Delft Design Informatics; Yasar University); Bengisu, E. (Yasar University)","","2016","This paper presents the design problem of furniture arrangement in a residential interior living space, and addresses it by means of evolutionary computation. Interior arrangement is an important and interesting problem that occurs commonly when designing living spaces. It entails determining the locations of interior elements such as tables, seating elements, projection screens etc., in order to satisfy objectives. Despite it's commonality, it is a challenging problem that entails mainly soft objectives, related to perception and ergonomics, as well as challenging constraints. This paper is an attempt to address this problem by means of Evolutionary Computation. We discuss the problem formulation focusing on perceptual aspects of the various elements of space. In particular, we formulate a three objective problem with the following objectives: Maximization of visual perception of openings to the outside, maximization of inter-person visual perception, from the seating places, and maximization of the 'openness' of space. We provide results from a comparison of two MOEAs, namely NSGA-II and HypE.","Evolutionary computation; Interior architecture; Interior space; Multi-objectivity; Perception","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","Design Informatics","","",""
"uuid:55d50b64-1e7e-4af7-8b93-3b8f82c03203","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:55d50b64-1e7e-4af7-8b93-3b8f82c03203","Daylighting Education in Practice: Verification of a New Goal within a European Knowledge Investigation","Giuliani, Federica (Sapienza Universita di Roma); Sokol, Natalia (Gdansk University of Technology); R.M. Lo Verso, Valerio (Politecnico di Torino); Caffaro, Federica (University of Turin); Diakite, Aicha (Technical University of Berlin); Abreu Vieira Viula, R.J. (TU Delft Building Physics); Paule, Bernard (Estia SA)","Ng, Edward (editor); Fong, Square (editor); Ren, Chao (editor)","2018","Two independent surveys were conducted in 2017 and in 2018 among architecture students across Europe to investigate their knowledge on daylighting and the impact of that knowledge on the visual perception of daylit spaces. A total of 600 responders were involved. This paper presents findings from the second survey, which was distributed in six European countries. Based on the findings from the first survey, a new goal was set for the second survey: to examine how daylighting knowledge may influence the visual perception of it and how the perception of a daylit space by a student population and by experts compare to each other. Three main findings were observed: i) the perceived comfort shows a better agreement with mood than with sky condition; ii) the judgments expressed by the experts and by non-experts are consistent with each other, confirming an outcome of the earlier study and iii) there is a lack of knowledge about daylighting metrics and regulations as well as a difficulty in implementing daylighting into the design process. These outcomes highlight the relevance of reconsidering the way daylighting education is delivered in current architectural programmes.","Survey among students; Experts vs. Non-Expert; Knowledge on daylighting; Perception of daylit spaces; European education","en","conference paper","Chinese University of Hong Kong","","","","","","","","","","Building Physics","","",""
"uuid:1fc1e515-1289-4035-b515-bc1218fa4ab0","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1fc1e515-1289-4035-b515-bc1218fa4ab0","The Tangible Presence of Human Labor in Architecture","Crevels, Eric (TU Delft Situated Architecture)","","2021","This essay aims to show that in many of the theories that fundament material culture and architectural experience, labor is implied in the constitution of material and, although seldom directly addressed, it is a determining dimension of materiality. From the Vitruvian and Renaissance treatises and Gottfried Semper to John Ruskin and the Art and Crafts Movement, the underlying presence of labor can be seen intertwined with materials whenever they are called into architectural discussion as sensorial arguments. Just like the physical qualities of materials, labor, skills and techniques are imprinted in the built environment and contribute to the creation of particular atmospheres.","Architectural Experience; Sensuous Perception; Material Culture; Labor","en","conference paper","Réseau International Ambiances","","","","","","","","","","Situated Architecture","","",""
"uuid:7d644f30-00b2-4e76-b88d-b0183c5ae36d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7d644f30-00b2-4e76-b88d-b0183c5ae36d","Context in Human Emotion Perception for Automatic Affect Detection: A Survey of Audiovisual Databases","Dudzik, B.J.W. (TU Delft Interactive Intelligence); Jansen, Michel Pierre (University of Twente); Burger, Franziska (TU Delft Interactive Intelligence); Kaptein, F.C.A. (TU Delft Interactive Intelligence); Broekens, D.J. (Universiteit Leiden); Heylen, Dirk K.J. (University of Twente); Hung, H.S. (TU Delft Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics); Neerincx, M.A. (TU Delft Interactive Intelligence); Truong, Khiet P. (University of Twente)","","2019","An important aspect of human emotion perception is the use of contextual information to understand others' feelings even in situations where their behavior is not very expressive or has an emotionally ambiguous meaning. For technology to successfully detect affect, it must mimic this human ability when analyzing audiovisual input. Databases upon which machine learning algorithms are trained should capture the context of social interactions as well as the behavior expressed in them. However, there is a lack of consensus about what constitutes relevant context in such databases. In this article, we make two contributions towards overcoming this challenge: (a) we identify two principal sources of context for emotion perceptions based on psychological theory, and (b) we provide an overview of how each of these has been considered in published databases covering social interactions. Our results show that a similar set of contextual features are present across the reviewed databases. Between all the different databases researchers seem to have taken into account a set of contextual features reflecting the sources of context seen in psychological theory. However, within individual databases, these features are not yet systematically varied. This is problematic because it prevents them from being used directly as resources for the modeling of context-sensitive affect detection. Based on our findings, we suggest improvements for the future development of affective databases.","Audiovisual Databases; Automatic Affect Detection; Context; Human Emotion Perception; Survey","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2022-04-08","","","Interactive Intelligence","","",""
"uuid:7a14215f-28ab-4c07-8ea2-6cdf15d5aebc","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7a14215f-28ab-4c07-8ea2-6cdf15d5aebc","Recognizing Perceived Interdependence in Face-to-Face Negotiations through Multimodal Analysis of Nonverbal Behavior","Dudzik, B.J.W. (TU Delft Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics); Columbus, Simon (University of Copenhagen); Matej Hrkalovic, T. (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam); Balliet, Daniel (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam); Hung, H.S. (TU Delft Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics)","","2021","Enabling computer-based applications to display intelligent behavior in complex social settings requires them to relate to important aspects of how humans experience and understand such situations. One crucial driver of peoples' social behavior during an interaction is the interdependence they perceive, i.e., how the outcome of an interaction is determined by their own and others' actions. According to psychological studies, both the nonverbal behavior displayed by Motivated by this, we present a series of experiments to automatically recognize interdependence perceptions in dyadic face-to-face negotiations using these sources. Concretely, our approach draws on a combination of features describing individuals' Facial, Upper Body, and Vocal Behavior with state-of-the-art algorithms for multivariate time series classification. Our findings demonstrate that differences in some types of interdependence perceptions can be detected through the automatic analysis of nonverbal behaviors. We discuss implications for developing socially intelligent systems and opportunities for future research.","Situation Perception; Social Signal Processing; User-Modeling","en","conference paper","Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","","","","","","","","","","Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics","","",""
"uuid:0d0a1144-2971-4904-8fcb-86bff67522bc","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0d0a1144-2971-4904-8fcb-86bff67522bc","Radar Perception for Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Survey","Corradi, Federico (Stichting IMEC Nederland); Fioranelli, F. (TU Delft Microwave Sensing, Signals & Systems)","","2022","The advent of consumer and industrial Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), commonly referred to as drones, has opened business opportunities in many fields, including logistics, smart agriculture, inspection, surveillance, and construction. In addition, the autonomous operations of UAVs reduce risks by minimizing the time spent by human workers in harsh environments and lowering costs by automating tasks. For reliability and safety, the drones must sense and avoid potential obstacles and must be capable of safely navigating in unknown environments. UAVs' perception requires reliability in various settings, such as high dust levels, humidity, intense sun glare, dark, and fog that can severely obstruct many conventional sensing methods. Radar systems have unique strengths; they can reliably estimate how far an object is and measure its relative speed via the Doppler effect. In addition, because radars exploit radio waves to sense, they perform well in rain, fog, snow, or smoky environments. This stands in contrast to optical technologies, such as cameras or LIght Detection And Ranging (Lidars), which are more susceptible to the same challenges as the human eye. This survey paper aims to address the signal processing challenges for the exploitation of radar systems in unmanned aerial vehicles for advanced perception, considering recent integration trends and technology capabilities. The focus is on signal processing techniques for low-cost and power-efficient radar sensors, which operate onboard the UAVs in real-Time to ensure their needs in terms of perception, situational awareness, and navigation. Additionally, we highlight the challenges that remain to be tackled and the opportunities that lie ahead in the search for a more efficient, safe, and autonomous way for UAVs to perceive and interact with the world.","deep learning; drone sensory perception; micro-Doppler processing; radar odometry; radar sensing","en","conference paper","Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","","","","","","","","","","Microwave Sensing, Signals & Systems","","",""
"uuid:317029ea-5381-42da-8dd9-664e1f836d49","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:317029ea-5381-42da-8dd9-664e1f836d49","Eye movements while cycling in GTA V","Bazilinskyy, P. (TU Delft Intelligent Vehicles); Heisterkamp, Niels; Luik, Philine; Klevering, Stijn; Haddou, Assia; Zult, Michiel; Dialynas, G. (TU Delft Biomechatronics & Human-Machine Control); Dodou, D. (TU Delft Medical Instruments & Bio-Inspired Technology); de Winter, J.C.F. (TU Delft Biomechatronics & Human-Machine Control)","Horváth, Imre (editor); Suárez, José Pablo (editor)","2018","A common limitation in human factors research is that vehicle simulators often lack perceptual fidelity. Video games, on the other hand, are becoming increasingly realistic and may be a promising tool for simulator-based human factors research. In this work, we explored whether an off-the-shelf video game is suitable for research purposes. We used Grand Theft Auto (GTA) V combined with a Smart Eye DR120 eye tracker to measure eye movements of participants cycling in hazardous traffic situations. Twenty-seven participants encountered various situations representative of urban cycling, such as intersection crossings, a car leaving a parking spot in front of the cyclist, and the opening of a car door in front of the cyclist. Data of participants’ gaze on the computer monitor as recorded by the eye tracker were translated into 3D coordinates in the virtual world, as well as into semantic information regarding the object where the participant was focusing on. We conclude that GTA V allows for the collection of useful data for human factors research.","simulation; bicycle; driving; hazard perception; gaming","en","conference paper","Delft University of Technology","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2018-12-01","","","Intelligent Vehicles","","",""
"uuid:b1928048-88d6-4551-93fa-c3a3a45dcb17","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b1928048-88d6-4551-93fa-c3a3a45dcb17","Understanding and Designing Avatar Biosignal Visualizations for Social Virtual Reality Entertainment","Lee, Sueyoon (Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI); Student TU Delft); El Ali, Abdallah (Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI)); Wijntjes, M.W.A. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); Cesar, Pablo (TU Delft Multimedia Computing; Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI))","Lampe, Cliff (editor); Barbarossa, Simona (editor)","2022","Visualizing biosignals can be important for social Virtual Reality (VR), where avatar non-verbal cues are missing. While several biosignal representations exist, designing effective visualizations and understanding user perceptions within social VR entertainment remains unclear. We adopt a mixed-methods approach to design biosignals for social VR entertainment. Using survey (N=54), context-mapping (N=6), and co-design (N=6) methods, we derive four visualizations. We then ran a within-subjects study (N=32) in a virtual jazz-bar to investigate how heart rate (HR) and breathing rate (BR) visualizations, and signal rate, influence perceived avatar arousal, user distraction, and preferences. Findings show that skeuomorphic visualizations for both biosignals allow differentiable arousal inference; skeuomorphic and particles were least distracting for HR, whereas all were similarly distracting for BR; biosignal perceptions often depend on avatar relations, entertainment type, and emotion inference of avatars versus spaces. We contribute HR and BR visualizations, and considerations for designing social VR entertainment biosignal visualizations.","Biosignals; design; entertainment; perception; social VR; virtual reality; visualization","en","conference paper","Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","","","","","","","","","","Human Information Communication Design","","",""
"uuid:51f52d91-9f9d-4686-b2d7-ffaf5e076955","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:51f52d91-9f9d-4686-b2d7-ffaf5e076955","Disentangling Fairness Perceptions in Algorithmic Decision-Making: The Effects of Explanations, Human Oversight, and Contestability","Yurrita Semperena, M. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); Draws, T.A. (TU Delft Web Information Systems); Balayn, A.M.A. (TU Delft Organisation & Governance; TU Delft Web Information Systems); Murray-Rust, D.S. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); Tintarev, N. (Universiteit Maastricht); Bozzon, A. (TU Delft Human-Centred Artificial Intelligence)","","2023","Recent research claims that information cues and system attributes of algorithmic decision-making processes affect decision subjects' fairness perceptions. However, little is still known about how these factors interact. This paper presents a user study (N = 267) investigating the individual and combined effects of explanations, human oversight, and contestability on informational and procedural fairness perceptions for high- and low-stakes decisions in a loan approval scenario. We find that explanations and contestability contribute to informational and procedural fairness perceptions, respectively, but we find no evidence for an effect of human oversight. Our results further show that both informational and procedural fairness perceptions contribute positively to overall fairness perceptions but we do not find an interaction effect between them. A qualitative analysis exposes tensions between information overload and understanding, human involvement and timely decision-making, and accounting for personal circumstances while maintaining procedural consistency. Our results have important design implications for algorithmic decision-making processes that meet decision subjects' standards of justice.","algorithmic decision-making; contestability; explanations; fairness perceptions; human oversight","en","conference paper","Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","","","","","","","","","","Human Information Communication Design","","",""
"uuid:9cf2e616-cd14-48cc-8d85-42fa5a018cf2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9cf2e616-cd14-48cc-8d85-42fa5a018cf2","Design and acoustic characterization of a psycho-acoustic listening facility","Merino Martinez, R. (TU Delft Aircraft Noise and Climate Effects); von den Hoff, B. (TU Delft Aircraft Noise and Climate Effects); Simons, D.G. (TU Delft Aircraft Noise and Climate Effects)","Carletti, Eleonora (editor)","2023","The design, development, and acoustic characterization of the Psychoacoustic Listening Laboratory (PALILA) recently established at Delft University of Technology are presented in this manuscript. This laboratory comprises a soundproof room with a modular design and specialized audio equipment. Its primary objective is to conduct experimental investigations into the human perception of aeroacoustic noise sources, such as aircraft, drones, or wind turbines. Furthermore, PALILA is certainly suited for studying other sound sources (e.g. household appliances, ground vehicles, etc.). The manuscript outlines the fundamental characteristics of the facility (i.e. dimensions and materials). A thorough acoustic characterization is provided, including assessments of the background noise levels, reverberation time, free-field sound propagation, and transmission losses of the walls (with respect to the exterior). Overall, PALILA is deemed to be a suitable quiet environment to conduct high-quality psychoacoustic listening experiments.","Acoustic characterization; Human perception; Listening experiments; Psychoacoustics","en","conference paper","Society of Acoustics","","","","","","","","","","Aircraft Noise and Climate Effects","","",""
"uuid:6b392146-03b6-41b8-9c04-0a9ba0e0103a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6b392146-03b6-41b8-9c04-0a9ba0e0103a","Decoding Individual and Shared Experiences of Media Perception Using CNN Architectures","Johri, Riddhi (Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar); Pandey, Pankaj (Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar); Miyapuram, Krishna Prasad (Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar); Lomas, J.D. (TU Delft Design Aesthetics)","Waiter, Gordon (editor); Leontidis, Georgios (editor); Morris, Teresa (editor); Lambrou, Tryphon (editor); Oren, Nir (editor); Gordon, Sharon (editor)","2024","The brain is an incredibly complex organ capable of perceiving and interpreting a wide range of stimuli. Depending on individual brain chemistry and wiring, different people decipher the same stimuli differently, conditioned by their life experiences and environment. This study’s objective is to decode how the CNN models capture and learn these differences and similarities in brain waves using three publicly available EEG datasets. While being exposed to a variety of media stimuli, each brain produces unique brain waves with some similarity to other neural signals to the same stimuli. However, to figure out whether our neural models are able to interpret and distinguish the common and unique signals correctly, we employed three widely used CNN architectures to interpret brain signals. We extracted the pre-processed versions of the EEG data and identified the dependency of time windows on feature learning for song and movie classification tasks, along with analyzing the performance of models on each dataset. While the minimum length snippet of 5 s was enough for the personalized model, the maximum length snippet of 30 s proved to be the most efficient in the case of the generalized model. The usage of a deeper architecture, i.e., DeepConvNet was found to be the best for extracting personalized and generalized features with the NMED-T and SEED datasets. However, EEGNet gave a better performance on the NMED-H dataset. Maximum accuracy of 69%, 100%, and 56% was achieved in the case of the personalized model on NMED-T, NMED-H, and SEED datasets, respectively. However, the maximum accuracies dropped to 18%, 37%, and 14% on NMED-T, NMED-H, and SEED datasets, respectively, in the generalized model. We achieved a 5% improvement over the state of the art while examining shared experiences on NMED-T. This marked the outof-distribution generalization problem and signified the role of individual differences in media perception, thus emphasizing the development of personalized models along with generalized models with shared features at a certain level.","EEG; Music and Movie perception; Neural responses; Subjective differences","en","conference paper","Springer","","","","","","","2024-06-02","","","Design Aesthetics","","",""
"uuid:630f93ed-0956-448a-8408-490ddd32b4e8","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:630f93ed-0956-448a-8408-490ddd32b4e8","Exploring the effects of perception errors and anticipation strategies on traffic accidents - A simulation study","van Lint, J.W.C. (TU Delft Transport and Planning); Calvert, S.C. (TU Delft Transport and Planning); Schakel, W.J. (TU Delft Transport and Planning); Wang, M. (TU Delft Transport and Planning); Verbraeck, A. (TU Delft Policy Analysis)","","2018","It is remarkable that drivers (on average) can safely navigate through dense traffic at high speeds—conditions in which the time headways between vehicles are in the same order of magnitude as human reaction times. One explanation for this is the ability of drivers to anticipate on the traffic conditions in their surroundings. In this paper, we study, through simulation, the effects of reaction times, errors in perception and anticipation on the probability of accidents on freeways. To this end we extend an existing model for car following and lane changing with a perception and anticipation model inspired by Ensley’s three levels of situational awareness (perception, understanding and projection). By systematically varying driving behavior with different reaction times over a range of perception errors, and anticipation strategies, we compute efficiency effects (capacity and total time spent) and safety effects (the probability density of accidents happening as a function of these different contributing factors and errors). The results provide some evidence that safe driving is robust with respect to perception errors under simple anticipation strategies and small reaction times. When reaction times grow larger, more advanced anticipation strategies are needed to guarantee safe driving.","Anticipation strategies; Awareness; Driving behavior; Perception errors; Traffic safety","en","conference paper","Springer","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2022-02-02","","","Transport and Planning","","",""
"uuid:fc76f164-57da-4628-b013-f0cd499bd597","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fc76f164-57da-4628-b013-f0cd499bd597","Editorial: On the Planning, Control, and Perception of Soft Robotic End-Effectors","Averta, Giuseppe (Politecnico di Torino); Della Santina, C. (TU Delft Learning & Autonomous Control); Ficuciello, Fanny (Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II); Roa, Maximo A. (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR)); Bianchi, Matteo (University of Pisa)","","2021","","biologically-inspired robots; end-effectors; manipulation; robot control; robot perception","en","contribution to periodical","","","","","","","","","","","Learning & Autonomous Control","","",""
"uuid:cbac0b73-c3b0-42ae-bc58-b17b3351676c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cbac0b73-c3b0-42ae-bc58-b17b3351676c","Flat panel display characterization: a perceptual approach","Teunissen, C.","Heynderickx, I. (promotor); De Ridder, H. (promotor)","2009","Over the last decade, consumer television sets have substantially increased in screen size, with screen diagonals up to 65-inch and beyond. At the same time, their thickness has decreased to only a few centimeters. Right from the start, this combination has been highly appreciated by consumers, resulting in a fast acceptance of flat-screen televisions in the consumer market. However, the visible light generation and modulation technologies in flat-screen displays differ considerably from those in conventional cathode-ray tubes. As a consequence, the rendered images on these displays may look different. To understand differences in perceived images, it seems obvious to ask consumers for their opinion. In practice, perception experiments with consumers are often complicated, time consuming, and expensive. To aid display designers in optimizing the image quality without conducting perception experiments, a framework for predicting image quality on the basis of technical display parameters has been proposed in literature. In this framework, technical display parameters need to be linked to physical display characteristics, i.e., things we can measure, which in turn need to be linked to things we perceive, i.e., the perceptual attributes. The final image quality judgment is based on a combination of all perceptual attributes. In the context of this framework, display engineers mainly focus on describing the physical display characteristics, whereas psychologists concentrate on evaluating the perceptual attributes and their relation to image quality. In this thesis, the missing link is addressed and psychophysical relations are established between three physical flat-screen display characteristics and their related perceptual attributes. The performance of LCDs under oblique viewing angles is characterized and a new definition for the viewing angle range is proposed. A model is developed to predict flicker visibility for scanning backlight LCDs. Finally, a methodology is provided to enable the characterization of the LCD's motion performance.","display characterization; human visual perception; viewing angle; motion artifacts; large-area flicker","en","doctoral thesis","","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:b67452a3-a3ac-4901-aa18-594401c0047a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b67452a3-a3ac-4901-aa18-594401c0047a","Consumers’ perception of relatedness in mental representations of products","Gattol, V.","Schoormans, J.P.L. (promotor); Sääksjärvi, M.C. (promotor)","2013","The work in this thesis investigates relatedness (as perceived by consumers) in mental representations of products. Just as other objects that are part of the physical world, products are represented in consumers’ minds in the form of concepts. Concepts hold consumers’ knowledge about a product. They consist of sets of features (concrete and abstract attributes) and relations (linkages between features). A key assumption of this thesis is that consumers gain additional information based on the numerous linkages between features. Such relatedness information is relevant to consumers as it allows them to draw important inferences about a product and to more accurately assess its value. Chapter 1 serves to ground the notion of relatedness in concept theories. The empirical chapters that follow investigate the notion of relatedness from multiple perspectives. Chapter 2 highlights the relevance of relatedness between features in new product combinations. Specifically, it shows that consumers account for relatedness in their reasoning about products and that inferences based on such relatedness influence product value. Furthermore, feature relatedness appears to be particularly relevant in product combinations with radically (as opposed to incrementally) new feature additions. Chapter 3 expands on these results by showing that relatedness is not only found in product features, but also in consumers’ consumption goals, that is, the abstract benefits consumers seek in a consumption context. Relatedness between goals is found to be a significant predictor of product value in addition to mere congruence (or similarity) between goals. Chapter 4 highlights yet another aspect of relatedness. It shows how even subtle visual cues can be used to prime relatedness in mental representations. Specifically, it shows how the use of crosshairs (instead of plain circles) in a map to indicate hotspots of a fox plague can result in shaping participants’ attitudes in a more violent direction. This last result is also relevant in a broader context as it shows how the design of a product can influence which properties of mental representations consumers will account for and perceive as related. Chapter 5 is about the effects of external factors—namely, physical activity, time pressure, and provision of brand cues—on the processing of product-related information. Specifically, it shows how these factors can put consumers in either one of two cognitive systems, intuitive System 1, or deliberate System 2 (Kahneman, 2003; Stanovich & West, 2000) and how that can influence consumers’ evaluations of feature additions in products. Chapter 6 continues on the idea of two distinct cognitive systems in the context of attitude measurement. Specifically, it introduces the multi-dimensional Implicit Association Test (md-IAT), a procedural extension of the Implicit Association Test (Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998). The md-IAT allows for the measurement of brand attitudes based on consumers’ multi- dimensional implicit associations—that is, how they reveal themselves to the more intuitive System 1. Chapter 7 concludes with a discussion of the thesis’ main findings, its theoretical contribution, managerial implications, and limitations and suggestions for future research.","relatedness; mental representations; consumer perception; product development; marketing","en","doctoral thesis","","","","","","","","","Industrial Design Engineering","Product Innovation Management","","","",""
"uuid:8144d042-021f-4fa0-809b-1e5b3b72647b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8144d042-021f-4fa0-809b-1e5b3b72647b","Product sounds: Fundamentals and application","Ozcan-Vieira, E.","Jacobs, J.J. (promotor)","2008","Products are ubiquitous, so are the sounds emitted by products. Product sounds influence our reasoning, emotional state, purchase decisions, preference, and expectations regarding the product and the product's performance. Thus, auditory experience elicited by product sounds may not be just about the act of hearing or a sensory response to an acoustical stimulus (e.g., this is a loud and sharp sound). A complimentary and meaningful relationship exists between a product and its sounds. The bases for this complimentary relationship is the focus of this thesis. In other words, meaningful associations of product sounds are investigated from a human perspective. Empirical findings indicate that sound is regarded as an integral property of a product. Thus product, as the sound source, determines the majority of the meaningful associations. Context, in which a product is presented, also influences meaning attribution. The result of the meaning attribution is often a product label, a description of an event, or determining the purpose of the sound. Consequently, a well-designed sound should be typical to the product, be informative about the product's operation cycle, and convey implicit/explicit characteristics of the product. The thesis translates the empirical findings into guidelines for designers. In addition, tools and methods are proposed to support designers in their sound related activities.","product sounds; product experience; semantics; cognitive processes; perception; cognition; auditory cognition; product design; sound design; designers; tools; methods; pictograms","en","doctoral thesis","","","","","","","","","Industrial Design Engineering","","","","",""
"uuid:4e81e0ef-ab1e-4c62-a8fa-661a5b64084b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4e81e0ef-ab1e-4c62-a8fa-661a5b64084b","The Effects of Specific Force on Self-Motion Perception in a Simulation Environment","Correia Grácio, B.J.","Mulder, M. (promotor); Bos, J.E. (promotor); Van Paassen, M.M. (promotor)","2013","","self-motion perception; motion cueing; simulation","en","doctoral thesis","","","","","","","","2013-10-31","Aerospace Engineering","Control and Simulation","","","",""
"uuid:5a5d325e-cd81-43ee-81fd-8cf90752592d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5a5d325e-cd81-43ee-81fd-8cf90752592d","Pilot's perception and control of aircraft motions","Hosman, R.J.A.W.","Stassen, H.G. (promotor); Abbink, F.J. (promotor)","1996","","motion perception; simulation; control behaviour","en","doctoral thesis","","","","","","","","","Aerospace Engineering","","","","",""
"uuid:bb6080e3-0b4f-4a00-87ec-afb4796adb5c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bb6080e3-0b4f-4a00-87ec-afb4796adb5c","Perception Coherence Zones in Vehicle Simulation","Valente Pais, A.R.","Mulder, M. (promotor)","2013","A perception coherence zone (PCZ) designates the range of inertial motion levels that, although not being a one-to-one match with the visual motion levels, are still considered by the subjects as being part of a coherent movement. Two types of PCZs were studied: amplitude PCZs and phase PCZs. Amplitude and phase coherences zones were measured for different types of stimulus frequency and amplitudes, for different degrees-of-freedom and using different motion simulators. The resulting data were compiled and it was demonstrated how perception coherence zones can be used to assess motion cueing solutions, and to derive motion cueing criteria. The coherence zones criteria were shown in a modified Sinacori plot. In a Sinacori plot, motion criteria are represented in terms of acceptable motion gain and phase distortion at the frequency of 1 rad/s. Since coherence zones were measured at different frequencies and amplitudes, it was possible to expand that representation to different frequencies and amplitudes. The coherence zone assessment method and criteria provide three important additions to the already available criteria. First, it presents not only criteria for desirable motion stimuli, but also offers a systematic, objective, human-perception-based method to measure the limits of the criteria. Second, the coherence zones method and criteria add a third and fourth dimension to the Sinacori plot: frequency and amplitude. By doing so, the coherence zone criteria do not depend on a specific motion filter structure. Third, by offering a measurement method and allowing different frequencies and amplitudes to be chosen, the coherence zones method can provide simulator-based, task-specific criteria. However, coherence zones as a metric, that is, as a measure of the perceived coherence of the inertial feedback provided, is platform and task independent.","flight simulation; automotive simulation; simulation; human self-motion perception; perception; vehicle simulation; motion cueing; motion filters; motion perception; motion cueing assessment method; motion cueing criteria","en","doctoral thesis","","","","","","","","","Aerospace Engineering","Control and Simulation","","","",""
"uuid:61621681-2151-46a7-9d2b-caf803f5d824","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:61621681-2151-46a7-9d2b-caf803f5d824","Perception Aspects in Underground Spaces using Intelligent Knowledge Modeling","Durmisevic, S.","Sariyildiz, S. (promotor)","2002","","underground space; perception; soft computing","en","doctoral thesis","Delft University Press","","","","","","","","Architecture","","","","",""
"uuid:36f881a5-d443-48a1-982d-8f277fd23504","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:36f881a5-d443-48a1-982d-8f277fd23504","Multi-modal aggression detection in trains","Yang, Z.","Koppelaar, H. (promotor); Rothkrantz, L.J.M. (promotor)","2009","In many public places multiple sensing devices, such as cameras, are installed to help prevent unwanted situations such as aggression and violence. At the moment, the best solution to reach a safe environment requires human operators to monitor the camera images and take appropriate actions when necessary. In the wake of the terrorist attacks of September 11 2001, there has been a rapid growth in the volume of security cameras and other sensing devices for anti-terrorism and other security purposes. The increased application of these, often multi-modal, sensors has caused a digital data explosion that human operators have difficulty to keep up with. The need for a fully or partially automated system becomes all the more prevailing. The main aim of this thesis is to report on our work to address the complex challenges that arise within the context of multi-modal automatic surveillance applications. In this thesis work, a multi-modal aggression detection system was built that fuses audio and video data from sensors located in a train compartment. Compared to previous work, we adopt a more human centered approach to the detection problem by extracting knowledge and rules from security experts. The aggression detection system is based on many hours of observing and studying professional operators at work as they analyze and respond on surveillance data. Our aggression detection approach is essentially divided into two models: (1) the observation model which describes how low level features from observations are combined into high level concepts and (2) the reasoning model in which high level concepts are reasoned with in order to infer the presence of aggression. In the observation model, feature extraction algorithms are used to transform audio and video signals into features, which are combined by classification algorithms into high level concepts. In the thesis, an analysis is made of the train compartment in particular, on the objects and situations that may be encountered in the train compartment. This analysis is formalized in a train aggression ontology. In addition an overview of relevant audio and video feature extraction and classification algorithms is given. Also the JDL model is introduced as a way to structure the wide range of available algorithms. In the reasoning model knowledge of the human expert and high level reasoning is used to infer the presence of aggression. In essence this boils down to combining the results of the observation model to a description of the current scenario, and comparing this to known scenarios. If the current scenario is similar to a known unwanted scenario or if the current scenario deviates too much from a known normal scenario, an alarm situation may be announced. There are a number of different approaches to accomplish the inference. In this thesis, three different inference methods are explored for their merits in aggression detection: expert system based reasoning, Bayesian reasoning and self organization/emergent reasoning. To test and verify the results, several experimentswere conducted in a real train. During the experiments, actors had to perform scenarios as described in storyboards. The storyboards where previously validated by security experts for their realism. As the actors performed the scenarios data was captured using multiple cameras and microphones. The acquired data was annotated using the vocabulary from the train aggression ontology and used as ground truths for the evaluation of the aggression detection system.","mult-modal; aggression detection; train; reasoning; video; audio; perception; data fusion; expert system; Bayesian network; self organisation","en","doctoral thesis","TU Delft Mediamatica","","","","","","","2009-10-29","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Mediamatics","","","",""
"uuid:b7a30511-f327-4d6c-b5bf-11d1a5b8ae4c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b7a30511-f327-4d6c-b5bf-11d1a5b8ae4c","Sketches of Creative Discovery - A Psycological Inquiry into the Role of Imagery and Sketching in Creative Discovery","Verstijnen, I.M.","Hennessey, J.M. (promotor)","1997","","Psychology; Imagery; Perception; Creativity; Sketching","en","doctoral thesis","","","","","","","","","Industrial Design Engineering","","","","",""
"uuid:195f8765-39a2-40b3-b976-aa877d4a945a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:195f8765-39a2-40b3-b976-aa877d4a945a","Is the force with you? On the accuracy of human force perception","Onneweer, B.","Van der Helm, F.C.T. (promotor); Schouten, A.C. (promotor); Mugge, W. (promotor)","2016","Haptic technology is more and more widely used to improve human interaction with devices, for example in touch screens of smartphones that vibrate when touched. Another application is haptic-tele-manipulation where a human controls a slave manipulator (e.g. a surgical-robot) by using a master device (e.g. a joystick). In haptic-tele-manipulation, forces measured at the slave manipulator are fed back to the human operator is order to improve task performance. Currently, human force perception is neglected in haptic system design, implicitly assuming perfect force perception, requiring high performance of the master and slave devices. The goal of this thesis is to identify key factors that influence isometric (static) force perception, and to develop metrics and computational models that quantify and predict this influence. To reach this goal, isometric force reproduction experiments were performed in which subjects were asked to actively generate the target and reproduction force using the same hand. In this thesis, we analyzed the influences of different factors using the same experimental protocol. Subjects were asked to perform series of two interchanging trials: matching an onscreen force in magnitude and direction (target trial), and subsequently reproducing the same force vector without visual feedback (reproduction trial). The difference in forces exerted during the target and reproduction trial is called the force reproduction error. In chapter two, we analyzed the effect of force magnitude on the force reproduction error and position reproduction error in one degree of freedom (DOF). Subjects performed force reproduction tasks at different force levels (10N – 160N, with 30N increments), against a fixed handle, and performed a position reproduction task against a haptic manipulator, which applied constant opposing forces. Subjects reproduced too high forces for low force levels (<40N) and too low forces for high force levels (>130N). No effect of force level on the position reproduction error was found. If the force reproduction error is exclusively caused by the reafference feedback (by the CNS predicted sensory feedback caused by self-generated forces), the force reproduction error should disappear when both target and reproduction force are self-generated. The results of this study show an effect of force level on the force reproduction error, indicating that reafference feedback is not the sole factor in force reproduction tasks. In chapter three, we analyzed the effect of force direction and arm-posture on the force reproduction error in the horizontal plane. The force reproduction protocol was performed in eight force directions and in four arm postures at a force level of 10N. Results showed that the force reproduction error depends on force direction. The orientation of the ellipses fitted through the reproduction forces changed with arm posture and the least accurate direction aligned with the shoulder in all postures. For each of the four arm postures, a joint torque scaling model based on arm biomechanics was fitted to the other three postures and was shown to accurately explain the reproduction ellipse. This chapter shows that force reproduction depends on force direction and arm posture, which corresponds with our model based on arm biomechanics and suggests that the force reproduction errors at the endpoint originate at the joint torque level. Chapter four assesses the effect of force magnitude on the force reproduction error in the horizontal plane. Three groups of subjects performed the force reproduction protocol in eight force directions and in two arm postures at three force levels (group1: 10N, group2: 40N and group3: 70N). Results show that the orientation of the reproduction ellipses changes with arm posture but not with force level, indicating that the arm biomechanics (i.e. arm orientation) affect the directional and force effects. Additionally, the results show that force level affects the force reproduction error differently depending on the force direction, i.e. increased force magnitude increases the errors in the direction of the shoulder and decreases the errors in the perpendicular direction. To incorporate the force level dependency of the force reproduction error, a novel joint-torque-dependent joint-torque-scaling model is developed, which allows us to accurately predict the force reproduction errors in the horizontal plane between 10N and 70N. In chapter five, we present an experimental study to examine whether the systematic errors result from an incorrect representation of forces or incorrect execution of correctly represented forces. In this experiment we asked the subjects to reproduce the same magnitude of force (5N or 15N) in either the same direction (reference trial) or in a 90?-counter-clockwise-rotated direction (CCW trial). We hypothesize that if the force reproduction errors arose through an execution error, subjects would obtain the correct representation of target force but reproduce this incorrectly in the CCW trials, resulting in an identically oriented reproduction ellipse as in the reference trials. However, if these systematic errors arose through an incorrect representation, then we hypothesize that subjects would produce a 90?-rotated ellipse relative to the reference trials. The absence of any rotation in our results demonstrates that the forces were represented correctly, and the systematic errors arise as execution errors during reproduction. Moreover, the results suggest that the sensorimotor system does not attempt to match the sensory percept or the motor commands, but instead develops an internal representation of the forces. In chapter six the main results of the thesis are discussed, where we present three overall conclusions: 1) Human force perception comprises systematic errors; 2) Systematic errors in force perception originate at joint level and are predictable; 3) The systematic errors in force perception are execution errors. Based on these overall conclusions we provide two guidelines for haptic system design (H) and two guidelines for neuroscience (N): H1) Take the accuracy of human force perception into account to make haptic devices more affordable; H2) Compensate for the systematic errors in human force perception; N1) The errors for different modalities originate in different reference frames; N2) The central nervous system does not simply compare sensory information or motor commands to control the body. The work described in this thesis provides novel insight in the accuracy of human force perception, presents a model that can accurately predict the force reproduction error, and provides the first steps in determining where the errors originate.","Human force perception; Human factors; Haptic human machine interaction","en","doctoral thesis","","","","","","","","","Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering","Biomechanical Engineering","","","",""
"uuid:95370814-d32b-4d51-b038-90b6d1c13cef","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:95370814-d32b-4d51-b038-90b6d1c13cef","Context dependent digital shape editing in product design","Dumitrescu, R.","De Ridder, H. (promotor)","2007","The present CAID systems insufficiently support designers with effective and intuitive tools for shape modelling. Designers' efficiency significantly decreases when shape alterations are performed. The research described in this thesis deals with the development of a methodology to support more effectively and efficiently the industrial designers during their digital shape editing processes. A series of modelling experiments have been conducted to analyse differences between the expert and the non-expert users, their preferences in terms of entity usage, drawbacks in workflows, and to investigate opportunities for the improvement of the design process. A shape context concept has been proposed based on which shape editing tools incorporating only the desired collection of shape variation procedures, parameters and constraints are provided to the user. By cancelling the unnecessary degrees-of-freedom, users can play with their shapes within specific shape domains until the shape satisfying the design requirements is reached. Based on the shape context description and the results from the modelling experiments, two contextual shape editing tools were developed and implemented into a commercial shape modelling system. Through slide-bar controlled morphing-like editing, users transform a source shape into a target shape. Usability testing was carried out to investigate both users' efficiency and acceptance of the shape context concept. A shape context methodology was then proposed so that user-defined parameters can also be supported. Visual perception theory and the results from the modelling experiments were considered. The 3D objects are considered decomposed into meaningful components and so the topological constraints are readily available. The component to be deformed is abstracted by a skeletal representation and a set of contours. Two existing shape composition rules were studied for the definition of revolution-like and sweep-like target surfaces. The user-defined parameter is represented by a profile curve that corresponds to either the path or the profile of the target surface. The skeletal representation remains unchanged during the shape editing preserving proper correspondence between the source and the target surfaces. The results presented in this thesis demonstrate that the digital design process improves if contextual shape editing tools are provided to designers. The process becomes more efficient and effective when tools based on user-defined parameters and the objects' structures are applied. In addition, the designer's creativity is stimulated by the increased range of shapes generated and visualised through the continuous transformation of the source shape into the target shape.","CAD; CAID; shape editing; shape perception; user-defined shape handles; shape context; parameters; constrains; usability testing","en","doctoral thesis","","","","","","","","","Industrial Design Engineering","","","","",""
"uuid:cd19a6d5-067d-413b-be63-73ccd1a88cfd","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cd19a6d5-067d-413b-be63-73ccd1a88cfd","Perception and cognition of depth of field","Zhang, T.","Heynderickx, I. (promotor)","2015","A common way to present 3D materials to human observers nowadays is by stereoscopic displaying on 3D TVs or head-mounted displays such as the Oculus Rift. However, not everyone can see three-dimensional solid shape from stereoscopic viewing and the three-dimensional images remain two-dimensional pictures to them rather than solid shapes. Scientists and artists have spent a lot of effort in finding ways to dissolve pictorial space into visual space. In other words, they want to figure out how to create a sense of stereopsis in an observer when he or she is looking at non-stereo and stereo pictures. There are many monocular depth cues in addition to binocular disparity that can enhance depth perception, and these cues can therefore also create an impression of stereopsis when the viewing conditions are right. One of these depth cues is depth of field. Depth of field is defined as the distance range in which objects are perceived as sharp. Depth of field is a popular photographic technique that effectively makes the main subject in a picture appear sharp and the foreground and background blurred. The goal of this thesis is to understand the roles of depth of field in pictures from a relatively low perceptual level to a relatively high cognitive level. This thesis mainly reveals how depth of field influences the impression of stereopsis and how binocular disparity influences the perception of depth of field. I start the thesis with a study on the discrimination thresholds of depth of field. Then, a subjective study is reported in which I investigated the effects of depth of field on depth perception for binocular viewing. The next two studies address the roles of depth of field on a more cognitive level. The first of these two studies explored the effects of depth of field on change detection in pictures. The other one was conducted to evaluate how depth of field influences the aesthetic appeal and overall quality in photographs. Four subjective studies were conducted to achieve our goals. The cornerstone of the work described in this thesis is that humans are much more sensitive to changes in small depth of field than in large depth of field. A second important finding is that stereoscopic viewing does not significantly affect discrimination thresholds. Based on the discrimination thresholds that were measured in this study, I selected five levels of depth of field that can be well discriminated under stereo viewing conditions in the second study to explore the effects of depth of field on depth perception. I found that the presence of strong depth cues, in this case binocular disparity, weakens the effects of depth of field as a depth cue when depth of field is small. In contrast, when depth of field is not small, perceived depth decreases with increasing depth of field irrespective of whether binocular disparity is zero or not. With respect to the effects of depth of field on change detection, I found that depth of field directs viewers' attention similarly under both non-stereo and stereo viewing conditions. Depth of field does however weaken the effect of binocular disparity on change detection. In the final study, I found that there are no common rules on how to manipulate depth of field to make pictures more beautiful or have higher quality. The role of depth of field on aesthetic appeal and overall quality varies across content categories.","depth of field; depth perception; aesthetics; 3D; attention","en","doctoral thesis","","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Intelligent Systems","","","",""
"uuid:85a89c91-3472-4a1f-a7b7-092f707b3256","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:85a89c91-3472-4a1f-a7b7-092f707b3256","Automatic sign language recognition inspired by human sign perception","Ten Holt, G.A.","Reinders, M.J.T. (promotor); De Ridder, H. (promotor)","2010","Automatic sign language recognition is a relatively new field of research (since ca. 1990). Its objectives are to automatically analyze sign language utterances. There are several issues within the research area that merit investigation: how to capture the utterances (cameras, magnetic sensors, instrumented gloves), how to extract interesting information from the captured data, and how to classify signs or sentences automatically using the extracted information. These issues are of an immediate and basic nature, and must be solved before any automatic recognition of sign language can be achieved. But other issues, pertaining to the nature of sign language and human recognition, are no less interesting: which elements of a sign are important for the meaning of an utterance? How do consecutive signs influence one another? Why are certain types of variation unimportant while others change the meaning of the sign? Automatic sign language recognition has, until recently, mostly focused on the first set of issues. In this thesis, we attempt to integrate knowledge about sign languages and human sign recognition into the automatic sign recognition process. Research on the (psycho)linguistics of sign languages is itself quite young (since ca. 1960), and many questions as yet unanswered. For this reason, we conduct our own studies of human sign language recognition. The knowledge gained from these experiments is applied in an existing automatic sign language recognition system. The thesis is divided into two parts: the first part describes the experiments conducted with human signers, the second part describes experiments investigating the possibilities of integrating such knowledge in the automatic recognizer. This recognizer is meant to be used in an interactive environment for young children to practice sign language vocabulary. For this reason, it is vision-based (which is unobtrusive), and only handles isolated signs. The experiments in part I of the thesis investigate the information content of various sign elements: fragments of a sign in time (chapter 2), and the sign aspects handshape and hand orientation (chapter 3). In time, the central phase of a sign is the most informative one, equally informative to the entire sign. Recognition based on other phases is also possible to a certain extent, and the transition from the preparation phase to the central phase appears to be a salient moment. As for the aspects, the aspect handshape proves more useful for recognition than hand orientation. Chapter 4 gives an overview of the human recognition research and discusses possibilities for application. In part II, the possibilities of utilizing the results of part I in the recognition system are investigated. Chapter 5 describes the addition of the handshape feature to the system (which chapter 3 showed to be the most interesting feature to add). Adding handshape gives a small improvement in the recognition performance. In chapter 6, the salience of the sign fragments used in chapter 2 for the automatic recognizer is investigated. The central phase proves to be the most informative one, as it was for human signers. Chapter 7 describes experiments in which a small set of frames is used to represent a sign. The results show a deterioration in recognition performance. Strict demands on the correctness of the remaining frames are probably partly responsible for the performance decrease. In conclusion, we can say that applying human knowledge in automatic sign language recognition is a complex task. Conclusions about human sign recognition do not necessarily hold for the automatic recognizer as well. The most important obstacles for utilizing information successfully seem to be: 1) data acquisition: computer vision is not as accomplished as human observers in capturing the complex, dynamic hand and face motions that form sign language. This means that information that is present in a sign movement for a human being may not be (correctly) observed by an automatic vision analysis system. Thus, the data that humans work with is not necessarily identical to the data the recognizer works with, and this may cause techniques that are successful for human signers to fail in the automatic system. And 2) differences in basic system architecture. Research into human sign recognition is still ongoing, there is no clear model of human sign recognition yet. This makes it more difficult to translate observations from human sign recognition to the automatic recognizer: human signers may use techniques that are not compatible with the current architecture of the recognizer. For example: human signers may process aspects independently. If the recognition system processes all data as a single stream, then such a technique cannot be implemented. A more thorough understanding of human sign recognition, more sophisticated computer vision techniques, and a close co-operation between the fields of automatic sign language recognition and human sign perception, seems the best way to overcome these obstacles.","sign language; automatic recognition; sign perception; language processing","en","doctoral thesis","G.A. ten Holt","","","","","","","2010-06-03","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Mediamatics","","","",""
"uuid:a0669992-d77e-44b0-a24d-e18bc09dd6b8","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a0669992-d77e-44b0-a24d-e18bc09dd6b8","Ontevredenheid in de Nederlandse bouw: Een onderzoek naar het sociale interactieproces tussen partijen","Reniers, M.G.C.E.","de Ridder, H.A.J. (promotor)","2007","","bouw; design; construction; building; arbitrage; arbitration; sociale interactie; sociaal; social; interaction; communicatie; communication; perceptie; perception","en","doctoral thesis","","","","","","","","","Civil Engineering and Geosciences","","","","",""
"uuid:785ecfa1-93e3-4186-9a48-006f7e004525","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:785ecfa1-93e3-4186-9a48-006f7e004525","Intelligent Design Objects (IDO): A cognitive approach for performance-based design","Bittermann, M.S.","Sariyildiz, I.S. (promotor); Ciftcioglu, O. (promotor); Stouffs, R.M.F. (promotor)","2009","Design is complex. This is because it involves conflicting goals that are often vague. Also, prior to the design it is generally not clear how important goals are relative to each other. And finally the amount of possible solutions is large in general. These bottlenecks are addressed in this thesis. A novel approach for design is proposed, where computation is used to reach most suitable solutions. The approach is based on a novel concept of the objects forming a design. This concept is termed intelligent design objects. Such objects exhibit intelligent behavior in the sense that they approach most desirable solutions for conflicting, vague goals put forward by a designer. That is, the objects know ‘themselves’ what to do to satisfy a designer’s goals. This is accomplished using methods from the domain of computational intelligence, as these are uniquely able to deal with the complexity of design mentioned above. The result from the approach is that designers and decision makers have great certainty about the satisfaction of their goals and are able to concentrate on second order aspects they were not aware of prior to the execution. The approach is implemented for two applications from the domain of architecture demonstrating its effectiveness. The thesis addresses to students, researchers and executives in the field of architecture, and other areas of design. It may be also interesting for researchers in the domain of computational intelligence, as it provides a formalism of intelligent design, and it exemplifies the use of these modern technologies in the design domain. Due to its generic nature, this formalism may have some significance in the development of the science of design.","computational design; soft computing; computational intelligence; fuzzy neural tree; multi-objective evolutionary algorithm; design automation; cognitive systems; perception modelling","en","doctoral thesis","www.boekenbent.com","","","","","","","2009-10-02","Architecture","Building Technology","","","",""
"uuid:2b925bb5-d426-4f7b-bffb-8a8e3a1d4307","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2b925bb5-d426-4f7b-bffb-8a8e3a1d4307","Seeing Signs: On the appearance of manual movements in gestures","Arendsen, J.","De Ridder, H. (promotor); Van Doorn, A.J. (promotor)","2009","This dissertation presents the results of a series of studies on the appearance of manual movements in gestures. The main goal of this research is to increase our understanding of how humans perceive signs and other gestures. Generated insights from human perception may aid the development of technology for recognizing gestures and sign language automatically with cameras and computers. One example of an application of automatic gesture recognition that has played a role in shaping the research in this dissertation is ELo, an Electronic Learning environment for deaf and hearing impaired children to practice Sign Language of the Netherlands (SLN) signs. The questions addressed in the research focus on a number of aspects including temporal processing of signs, discrimination of gestures from other human behaviour, and how humans handle variation in signs.","gesture; sign Language; perception; recognition; fidgeting; movement; intentions; communication","en","doctoral thesis","JAMMI R&D","","","","","","","2009-10-14","Industrial Design Engineering","Industrial Design","","","",""
"uuid:66aa9f30-dbd5-4981-88cb-28b71c7e137e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:66aa9f30-dbd5-4981-88cb-28b71c7e137e","Sensory Dominance in Product Experience","Fenko, A.B.","Hekkert, P.P.M. (promotor)","2010","People perceive the material world around them with their five senses. Information from different sensory modalities is integrated in the brain to create a stable and meaningful experience of objects, including industrial products that accompany us in our everyday life. Some of the sensory systems play a more important role in product experience than others. Designing pleasurable products can enrich user satisfaction and contribute to the well-being of people and society. While designing products, it is important for designers to be aware of the complex relationships between various sensory product properties. The aim of this research was to understand which sensory modalities are more important for specific product experiences, and how product experience can be influenced by various combinations of sensory stimuli in products. We investigated the relative importance of various sensory modalities at different stages of product usage, for specific product experiences (freshness, naturalness, warmth, and noisiness), and for different groups of users. This thesis has demonstrated that the importance of sensory modalities may depend on the stage of user-product interaction, on the specific experience that designers aim to induce, and on the language differences between users. Other factors (such as individual differences or situational variables) may also play a role in sensory dominance. Therefore, research on this topic should continue in the future.","multisensory perception; product experience","en","doctoral thesis","VSSD","","","","","","","","Industrial Design Engineering","Industrial Design","","","",""
"uuid:6a97e555-a39f-48b1-be2d-612b6f5510b7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6a97e555-a39f-48b1-be2d-612b6f5510b7","Understanding and modelling of motion sickness and its individual differences for the comfortable control of automated vehicles","Irmak, T. (TU Delft Intelligent Vehicles)","Happee, R. (promotor); Pool, D.M. (copromotor); Delft University of Technology (degree granting institution)","2022","By 2050 a large proportion of the cars on our roads will be self-driving and completely automated. We will no longer be driving these vehicles, but will be transported comfortably as passengers. We will be able to indulge in all sorts of media items in our vehicles, do work, or even just relax and sleep. Indeed, these fully automated vehicles will have a clear positive impact on everybody’s lives. That is, if people do not become too motion sick to enjoy the ride. It is known that drivers of vehicles do not get motion sick because they are in control of the vehicle and, hence, can anticipate upcoming motions. However, many passengers, which we will all eventually become, do experience motion sickness. This is particularly an issue when their eyes are off the road and when they are engaged in other activities. With a rising prospect of motion sickness, these activities may no longer seem attractive. Moreover, motion sickness increases workload and decreases cognitive performance, which means that those wishing to use their commuting time in cognitively demanding activities will be less productive in them. With full automation, it is hoped that vehicle control systems can be optimised to reduce sickening motions to the lowest feasible level, whilst also achieving adequate vehicle performance in terms of, for instance, journey time. However, at this moment we don’t yet have a good model of motion sickness that would enable such optimization. For example, route planning algorithms generally optimise for the shortest time, while some have recently started to optimise for the least polluting route. For this optimisation, the algorithm needs to have, amongst other things, traffic information, the roads, their lengths and legally allowable speeds, with all such information encapsulated in a general mathematical model. There is, however, no analogous model of motion sickness that can be used to optimise our vehicle’s behaviour for the lowest passenger sickness incidence. A mathematical model in this sense is a set of equations that tell us how sickening a certain pattern of motion will be. A pattern of motion could be the vehicle taking a turn, switching a lane, stopping at a traffic light; anything that makes the vehicle change speed or direction. By being able to predict how much sickness will result from certain manoeuvres, the vehicle can be programmed to perform these manoeuvres in the least sickening manner. One problem with developing mathematical models for motion sickness minimisation is that there is a great variability in how motion sickness manifests itself in individuals. This means that the motion sickness symptoms, their accumulation and even the nature of the motions that cause sickness are highly individual. Therefore, any algorithm meant for vehicle control must take the individual as the subject of its concern. Prior to this thesis, the individual was not seen as a feasible unit of study. Instead, literature mainly focused on group-level responses. However, because motion sickness is so variable, it is likely that optimising group-averaged criteria, will not optimise for group-averaged comfort. Instead, individualisation is needed. This need directly shaped the objective of this thesis, which was to understand and model motion sickness accumulation and its individual differences for the comfortable control of automated vehicles...","motion sickness; motion perception; mathematical modelling; individual differences; parameter estimation; automated vehicles","en","doctoral thesis","","978-94-6458-238-3","","","","","","","","","Intelligent Vehicles","","",""
"uuid:ef4bae0f-0263-472e-a868-f0c4a2fdb908","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ef4bae0f-0263-472e-a868-f0c4a2fdb908","On the Painterly Depiction of Materials: An Interdisciplinary Study on the Depiction and Perception of Materials within Paintings","van Zuijlen, M.J.P. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design)","Pont, S.C. (promotor); Wijntjes, M.W.A. (copromotor); Delft University of Technology (degree granting institution)","2021","The world around us is filled with materials. Our ability of visual material perception informs us how to navigate and interact with our environment. It tells us, for example, whether food is fresh, if a chair is strong enough to sit on, how much force to use to pick up a glass, etc. Painters have studied how to depict the world and the materials therein for thousands of years. We believe that the material depictions within paintings can be leveraged into insights for the scientific understanding of material perception. In this thesis, we studied the perception of painterly depictions of materials and aimed to make the study thereof accessible to other researchers with the release of the Materials In Paintings dataset. We collected a large set of paintings from museums and galleries. Then, we used an online crowd-sourcing approach to annotate material identity (fabrics, stone, etc.,) and gather spatial material segmentations (i.e., “cutting out” piece of the painting that depict the material). In the first study, we measured the perception of material attributes (soft, rough, fragile, etc.,) across a range of materials and found that painterly materials trigger distinct distributions of perceived attributes and we furthermore compared these distributions to those for photographic materials. In the second study, we continued crowd-sourcing annotations on material identity and material segmentations and combined these into the Materials In Paintings dataset. In a number of cross-disciplinary demonstrations we presented novel findings across art history, human perception, and computer vision. While these demonstrations are useful in their own right, the main focus here was the release of the dataset. Next, we used the dataset as a source of stimuli for two studies into specific materials. First, for fabrics, we studied the perception of satin and velvet and the effect of presenting only local or, both local and global information, and found that the perceptual distinction between these two fabrics becomes more ambiguous when removing global information. Furthermore, we showed that local image cues can affect perceptual responses for shininess but not for softness. Lastly, we studied the perception and depiction of pearls by identifying three image features that might trigger the perception of pearliness. In a series of experiments, we confirm the role of these image features but find that the presence of only one of these image features, highlights, is already sufficient for naive participants to trigger the perception of pearliness. Conversely, expert participants (art historians or pearl experts) perceive depictions with all three features as more pearly, which implies the existence of visual expertise for pearl perception. All in all, in this thesis we show the benefits of studying material perception through painterly depictions of materials and enable further study with the release of the MIP dataset.","Material perception; material properties; art history; crowdsourcing","en","doctoral thesis","","978-94-6419-317-6","","","","","","","","","Human Information Communication Design","","",""
"uuid:8f654bb3-e951-4bc7-a303-50adf79f8155","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8f654bb3-e951-4bc7-a303-50adf79f8155","Development and evaluation of a motorcycle riding simulator for low speed maneuvering","Grottoli, M. (TU Delft Intelligent Vehicles)","Happee, R. (promotor); Mulder, Max (promotor); Delft University of Technology (degree granting institution)","2021","Driving simulators have been extensively used over the last decades and technological advancements have propelled their development for cars, trucks and other vehicles with four (or more) wheels. This dissertation focuses on the use of driving simulators for two wheeled vehicles and in particular on the development and evaluation of a motorcycle riding simulator for low speed maneuvering. The reason to focus on low speed maneuvers is related to the unstable nature of motorcycles at low speeds. A dedicated riding simulator could be used to train riders to cope with vehicle instabilities and develop active safety systems that can help them to maintain the vehicle balanced and avoid falling. Existing riding simulators adopt simplified vehicle models to simulate motorcycle dynamics. In some cases, advanced non-linear models are adopted, but their validation is not always sufficiently described for the simulator application. Once the model has been integrated in the complete simulator, the results of its real-time simulation are used to provide feedback to the simulator rider through the cueing systems. Motion cueing is particularly interesting due to the peculiar vehicle dynamics of two wheelers. Different approaches are found in literature, however the applied motion cueing methods are not based on understanding of human motion perception. Finally, the riding simulator should also be validated for its usage in the specific application domain and its fidelity and behavioral validity are often neglected. In this thesis, specific aspects of development and validation of a riding simulator for low speed maneuvering are investigated.","Motorcycle Dynamics; Riding Simulator; Motion Cueing; Motion perception","en","doctoral thesis","","978-94-6421-323-2","","","","","","","","","Intelligent Vehicles","","",""
"uuid:9385fec0-f79d-49de-b524-9b73eb248cdd","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9385fec0-f79d-49de-b524-9b73eb248cdd","Convincing stuff: Disclosing perceptually-relevant cues for the depiction of materials in 17th century paintings","Di Cicco, F. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design)","Pont, S.C. (promotor); Dik, J. (promotor); Wijntjes, M.W.A. (copromotor); Delft University of Technology (degree granting institution)","2021","This thesis explores convincing stuff depicted in 17th century paintings, with the primary aim of understanding their visual perception. ”Stuff” is the term first introduced by Edward Adelson in 2001 to differentiate materials from objects, and to call attention on the research gap in material perception. In an interesting parallel, the representation of materials in paintings constitutes a knowledge gap in art history as well. Both gaps have only recently been recognized and started to be addressed in their respective research fields. In this thesis, representation and perception come together to create a virtuous circle in which the knowledge of painters about the representation of materials is used to understand the mechanisms of the visual system for material perception, and this is in turn used to explain the pictorial features that make the representation of materials so convincing. The common thread used here to connect representation and perception, is ”The big world painted small”, a long-forgotten booklet of pictorial recipes written by the Dutch painter Willem Beurs in 1692. We argue that this book represents an index of key features for material perception, that means an index of image features that always work as perceptual cues regardless of the illumination and the viewing conditions of the depicted scene. The main research objective of this dissertation is: To understand the convincing depiction and perception of materials in 17th century paintings, connecting the image features found in paintings and listed by Beurs to their role as perceptual cues. In order to achieve this objective, we employed a novel, interdisciplinary research approach, merging science of human and computer vision, technical art history, and the historical textual source of Beurs.","Material perception; Willem Beurs; paintings; image features; perceptual cues","en","doctoral thesis","","","","","","","","","","","Human Information Communication Design","","",""
"uuid:b5953a17-322d-49e6-87ba-e299673e8b84","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b5953a17-322d-49e6-87ba-e299673e8b84","Evidence-based development and evaluation of haptic interfaces for manual control","Fu, W. (TU Delft Control & Simulation)","van Paassen, M.M. (promotor); Mulder, Max (promotor); Delft University of Technology (degree granting institution)","2019","At present, the rapid development of automation technologies allows robots remarkable precision and endurance, as well as the strength in accomplishing repetitive tasks. Despite this, manual control is still indispensable in many domains where robots and humans play complementary roles, as humans demonstrate superior competence in improvisation and flexibility, as well as the excellent ability to take on tasks where things cannot be fully specified. Haptic interfaces provide a prime example which combines the strengths of these two elements, allowing them to interact and merge into a highly integrated control loop. A haptic interface is usually created by providing force feedback related to the task on a control device. The haptic feedback makes performing manual control more intuitive, allowing the operator to physically act upon what (s)he feels, rather than generating the control activity through only interpreting other sensory inputs, such as visual and auditory cues. Over the last few decades, haptic interfaces have gained popularity as being powerful tools to facilitate manual control. By analogy with a visual interface, one can interpret a haptic interface as the display that presents information to and accepts commands from a human operator. While giving input through the interface, the neuromuscular system of the operator also acts as the eye that perceives the information being presented by a display. This highly interactive nature underlines the importance of orienting the development of all haptic systems towards humans, particularly towards what humans feel and how they need to act. To facilitate future development of haptic interfaces, this thesis focuses on two of the main challenges that have not been adequately addressed from such a human centric perspective: (i) among various possibilities, how can we select the one that works more effectively with humans, i.e., using understanding of human control behavior (how humans act) to guide the development of the philosophy of the design?, and (ii) how can we know whether a device ensures a transparent haptic interaction, i.e., incorporating the characteristics of human haptic perception (what humans feel) into the evaluation of the quality of the display? ...","Haptic interface; haptic perception; manual control behavior; neuromuscular system; mechanical properties; massspring- damper systems; haptic display transparency","en","doctoral thesis","","978-94-6366-177-5","","","","","","","","","Control & Simulation","","",""
"uuid:7aab28bf-76cc-46ed-b305-b55d19723a5f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7aab28bf-76cc-46ed-b305-b55d19723a5f","On Probing Appearance: Testing material-lighting interactions in an image-based canonical approach","Zhang, F. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design)","Pont, S.C. (promotor); de Ridder, H. (promotor); Delft University of Technology (degree granting institution)","2019","Materials are omnipresent. Recognizing materials helps us with inferring their physical and chemical properties, for instance if they are compressible, slippery, sweet and juicy. Yet in literature, much less attention has been paid to material perception than to object perception. This dissertation presents studies on a method to systematically measure human visual perception of opaque materials and test the influence of lighting and shape on material perception. In our studies, we applied multiple psychophysical methods such as matching, discriminating, and perceptual scaling to test the visual perception of materials for human observers. Beyond just matte and glossy material variations that were commonly tested in material perception literature, we included in total four canonical material modes to account for a wide range of materials, namely diffuse, asperity, forward, and mesofacet scattering for ""matte"", ""velvety"", ""specular"", and ""glittery"" material modes, respectively. For the lightings, we included three canonical lighting modes within a spherical harmonics and perception based framework, namely ""ambient"", ""focus"", and ""brilliance"" lighting. Based on the spherical harmonics analysis of the global lighting environment, we were able to quantify the “diffuseness” and “brilliance” of the light maps by using Xia’s diffuseness metric and a novel brilliance metric we proposed. Combining the four material modes and three lighting modes, we presented a canonical set that in combination with optical mixing supports a painterly approach in which key image features could be varied directly. With this method we were able to test and predict light-material interactions using both photographs of the real objects and computer rendered stimuli. We first introduced a new type of non-spherical appearance probe, implementing the painterly approach. Moreover, we developed an interactive interface that integrated the probe for an asymmetric matching task, where observers adjusted sliders to vary each material mode in the probe. The interface was found to be intuitive for inexperienced users and allowed purely visual quantitative measurements. Performances were generally well above chance and robust across experiments and observers, validating the approach. We further developed the material probe and expanded it to allow optical mixing of canonical lighting modes. In a light matching experiment and a 4-category discrimination experiment we found asymmetric perceptual confounds between judgments of material and lighting. Specifically, observers were found to be less sensitive to light changes than to material changes. Moreover, using this canonical approach, we were able to test and predict light-material interactions in two perceptual scaling experiments. To this aim a novel spherical harmonics based metric was introduced for quantifying the ""brilliance"". Lastly, we compared results from our probing method and results from other psychophysical experimental methods, namely perceptual scaling and discrimination, in which semantic information (for material attributes) was involved. Robust effects of light, shape, and light map orientation were found, in a material dependent way. To conclude, our research mainly contributed to 1) the development of a novel probing method that mixes image features of the proximal stimulus in a fluent manner instead of varying the distal physical properties of the stimuli, plus a validation that it works and that it allows quantitative measurements of material perception and material-lighting interactions; 2) understanding of visual perception of opaque materials and material-light-interactions in a wide ecological variety; 3) a validated model for predicting the material dependent lighting effects for matte, specular, velvet and glittery materials; and 4) the interpretations of the material perception results in a manner relating to shape and light. Our findings can be further applied to many subjects, such as industrial design, education, e-commerce, computer graphics, and future psychophysical studies.","Visual perception; Material perception; Lighting","en","doctoral thesis","","","","","","","","","","","Human Information Communication Design","","",""
"uuid:5b48167c-80b7-4b78-b2d9-59e192a7bc6f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5b48167c-80b7-4b78-b2d9-59e192a7bc6f","Sensors, algorithms, and representations for efficient environment perception","Hehn, T.M. (TU Delft Intelligent Vehicles)","Gavrila, D. (promotor); Kooij, J.F.P. (copromotor); Delft University of Technology (degree granting institution)","2022","that do not require any action from the drivers for a short period of time. Although these systems are still limited and only reliable in certain situations, it shows the general trend: cars will become more and more autonomous. The reasons why people and companies are eagerly anticipating fully autonomous cars are manifold: self-driving vehicles could provide mobility to people unable to drive themselves, they could reduce the need for parking spaces in inner cities, they could decrease traffic jams, and of course, they let passengers spend their time on something else than actively driving. Self-driving vehicles also have the potential to eliminate human error as a cause of traffic accidents and thereby increase traffic safety. Thus, the presence of driver assistance systems and self-driving vehicles in traffic will inevitably increase, and it is crucial to make the technology as safe as possible.
An essential building block to achieving safe autonomous driving is the efficient perception and representation of the vehicle’s environment. The perception and representation need to be as accurate as possible, but at the same time, as efficient as possible, to increase the time in which the vehicle can react to the evolving traffic situation. This thesis discusses various ways to increase the efficiency of perception systems of autonomous vehicles by showing: how a novel acoustic sensor detects traffic before it becomes visible, how to combine traditional machine learning algorithms with deep neural networks for faster inference, how a compact representation for images of traffic scenes can be enriched with object instance information, and how different modalities, such as images and point clouds, contribute to deep representation learning.
To detect vehicles ahead of commonly used sensors in autonomous vehicles, this thesis introduces a passive acoustic perception approach. This acoustic perception system can detect approaching vehicles behind blind corners by sound before such vehicles enter in line-of-sight. A research vehicle equipped with a roof-mounted microphone array is used to collect data and serves as a demonstrator platform. The data shows that wall reflections provide information on the presence and direction of occluded approaching vehicles. In test scenarios with a static ego-vehicle, a novel data-driven approach achieves an accuracy of 0.92 on the hidden vehicle classification task. Compared to a state-of-the-art visual detector, Faster R-CNN, the acoustic system achieves the same accuracy more than one second ahead, providing crucial reaction time for the situations studied in this work. While the ego-vehicle is driving, acoustic detection shows encouraging results, still achieving an accuracy of 0.84 within one environment type. Further, failure cases are studied across environments to identify future research directions...","Intelligent Vehicles; Machine Learning; Environment perception","en","doctoral thesis","","978-94-6384-383-6","","","","","","","","","Intelligent Vehicles","","",""
"uuid:45fd3f70-2ba6-43fa-a2c4-018967bfdc88","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:45fd3f70-2ba6-43fa-a2c4-018967bfdc88","Measuring, modelling and minimizing perceived motion incongruence: for vehicle motion simulation","Cleij, D. (TU Delft Control & Simulation)","Mulder, Max (promotor); Buelthoff, Heinrich H. (promotor); Pool, D.M. (copromotor); Delft University of Technology (degree granting institution)","2020","Humans always wanted to go faster and higher than their own legs could carry them, leading them to invent numerous types of vehicles to move fast over land, water and air. As training how to handle such vehicles and testing new developments can be dangerous and costly, vehicle motion simulators were invented.
Motion-based simulators in particular, combine visual and physical motion cues to provide occupants with a feeling of being in the real vehicle. While visual cues are generally not limited in amplitude, physical cues certainly are, due to the limited simulator motion space. A motion cueing algorithm (MCA) is used to map the vehicle motions onto the simulator motion space. This mapping inherently creates mismatches between the visual and physical motion cues.
Due to imperfections in the human perceptual system, not all visual/physical cueing mismatches are perceived. However, if a mismatch is perceived, it can impair the simulation realism and even cause simulator sickness. For MCA design, a good understanding of when mismatches are perceived, and ways to prevent these from occurring, are therefore essential.
In this thesis a data-driven approach, using continuous subjective measures of the time-varying Perceived Motion Incongruence (PMI), is adopted. PMI in this case refers to the effect that perceived mismatches between visual and physical motion cues have on the resulting simulator realism. The main goal of this thesis was to develop an MCA-independent off-line prediction method for time-varying PMI during vehicle motion simulation, with the aim of improving motion cueing quality.
To this end, a complete roadmap, describing how to measure and model PMI and how to apply such models to predict and minimize PMI in motion simulations is presented. Results from several human-in-the-loop experiments are used to demonstrate the potential of this novel approach.
2) configuration then yields the configuration in depth up to an arbitrary depth offset. Since an N-point configuration implies N(N_1) (ordered) pairs, the number of observations typically far exceeds the number of inferred depths. This yields a powerful check on the geometrical consistency of the results. We report that the remaining inconsistencies are fully accounted for by the spread encountered in repeated observations. This implies that the concept of 'pictorial space' indeed has an empirical significance. The method is analyzed and empirically verified in considerable detail. We report large quantitative interobserver differences, though the results of all observers agree modulo a certain affine transformation that describes the basic cue ambiguities. This is expected on the basis of a formal analysis of monocular optical structure. The method will prove useful in a variety of potential applications.","depth perception, distance perception, art perception, visual space, visual field, geometry","en","journal article","Pion","","","","","","","","Industrial Design Engineering","Industrial Design","","","",""
"uuid:ed5f3cfe-9a07-408d-bc73-998fe9e92421","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ed5f3cfe-9a07-408d-bc73-998fe9e92421","Touching Materials Visually: About the Dominance of Vision in Building Material Assessment","Wastiels, L.; Schifferstein, H.N.J.; Wouters, I.; Heylighen, A.","","2013","Designers’ visual way of knowing and working tends to be highly valued in design research. In architecture such an approach is increasingly criticized. Since people experience buildings with all their senses, architects’ visual focus is said to the run the risk of disregarding non-visual aspects. This study focuses on the visual and tactile assessment of building materials. Analyses show that architecture students assess several experiential qualities differently by touch than by vision. Vision dominates the overall assessment, yet does not always anticipate touch correctly. Moreover architecture students seem to be unaware of how common building materials feel, and are unable to identify them by touch only. This identifies the need for a more elaborate consideration of non-visual aspects during design in general and design education in particular.","architectural design; built environment; design education; materials; perception","en","journal article","Chinese Institute of Design","","","","","","","","Industrial Design Engineering","Industrial Design","","","",""
"uuid:f18db497-5cb5-4478-bf7a-a962ccc3a98e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f18db497-5cb5-4478-bf7a-a962ccc3a98e","Haptic curvature contrast in raised lines and solid shapes","Wijntjes, M.W.A.; Kappers, A.M.L.","","2009","It is known that our senses are influenced by contrast effects and aftereffects. For haptic perception, the curvature aftereffect has been studied in depth but little is known about curvature contrast. In this study we let observers explore two shapes simultaneously. The shape felt by the index finger could either be flat or convexly curved. The curvature at the thumb was varied to quantify the curvature of a subjectively flat shape. We found that when the index finger was presented with a convex shape, a flat shape at the thumb was also perceived to be convex. The effect is rather strong, on average 20% of the contrasting curvature. The contrast effect was present for both raised line stimuli and solid shapes. Movement measurements revealed that the curvature of the path taken by the metacarpus (part of the hand that connects the fingers) was approximately the average of the path curvatures taken by the thumb and index finger. A failure to correct for the movement of the hand could explain the contrast effect.","Haptic perception; Curvature contrast; Illusion","en","journal article","Springer","","","","","","","","Industrial Design Engineering","Industrial Design","","","",""
"uuid:dc99abc6-8951-4fd3-8193-8419a4f9034c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:dc99abc6-8951-4fd3-8193-8419a4f9034c","Perception of length to width relations of city squares","Nefs, H.T.; Van Bilsen, A.; Pont, S.C.; De Ridder, H.; Wijntjes, M.W.A.; Van Doorn, A.J.","","2013","In this paper, we focus on how people perceive the aspect ratio of city squares. Earlier research has focused on distance perception but not so much on the perceived aspect ratio of the surrounding space. Furthermore, those studies have focused on “open” spaces rather than urban areas enclosed by walls, houses and filled with people, cars, etc. In two experiments, we therefore measured, using a direct and an indirect method, the perceived aspect ratio of five city squares in the historic city center of Delft, the Netherlands. We also evaluated whether the perceived aspect ratio of city squares was affected by the position of the observer on the square. In the first experiment, participants were asked to set the aspect ratio of a small rectangle such that it matched the perceived aspect ratio of the city square. In the second experiment, participants were asked to estimate the length and width of the city square separately. In the first experiment, we found that the perceived aspect ratio was in general lower than the physical aspect ratio. However, in the second experiment, we found that the calculated ratios were close to veridical except for the most elongated city square. We conclude therefore that the outcome depends on how the measurements are performed. Furthermore, although indirect measurements are nearly veridical, the perceived aspect ratio is an underestimation of the physical aspect ratio when measured in a direct way. Moreover, the perceived aspect ratio also depends on the location of the observer. These results may be beneficial to the design of large open urban environments, and in particular to rectangular city squares.","scene perception; vision; public spaces; city squares; space perception","en","journal article","Pion","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Intelligent Systems","","","",""
"uuid:991ae7b5-e827-4e34-9bc3-4b61f1ca1125","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:991ae7b5-e827-4e34-9bc3-4b61f1ca1125","Pragmatic Concerns and Images of the World","Birman, F.","","2010","I defend a pragmatist reinterpretation of Sellars’s famous manifestscientific distinction. I claim that in order to do justice to this important distinction we must first recognize, despite what philosophers—including, arguably, Sellars—often make of it, that the distinction does not draw an epistemological or metaphysical boundary between different kinds of objects and events, but a pragmatic boundary between different ways in which we interact with objects and events. Put differently, I argue that the manifest-scientific distinction, in my view, can be best understood, not as a metaphysical distinction between apparent and real objects and events, or an epistemological distinction between perceptible and imperceptible objects and events, but rather as a distinction, which is not necessarily rigid over time, between distinct ways in which we collectively deal, in practice, with objects and events.","Pragmatism; Eliminativism; Manifest image; Scientific image; Perceptibles; Imperceptibles","en","journal article","Springer","","","","","","","","Technology, Policy and Management","Philosophy","","","",""
"uuid:33c398ee-2d54-409a-bed2-bacdb2909e04","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:33c398ee-2d54-409a-bed2-bacdb2909e04","Pictorial depth probed through relative sizes","Wagemans, J.; Van Doorn, A.J.; Koenderink, J.J.","","2011","In the physical environment familiar size is an effective depth cue because the distance from the eye to an object equals the ratio of its physical size to its angular extent in the visual field. Such simple geometrical relations do not apply to pictorial space, since the eye itself is not in pictorial space, and consequently the notion “distance from the eye” is meaningless. Nevertheless, relative size in the picture plane is often used by visual artists to suggest depth differences. The depth domain has no natural origin, nor a natural unit; thus only ratios of depth differences could have an invariant significance. We investigate whether the pictorial relative size cue yields coherent depth structures in pictorial spaces. Specifically, we measure the depth differences for all pairs of points in a 20- point configuration in pictorial space, and we account for these observations through 19 independent parameters (the depths of the points modulo an arbitrary offset), with no meaningful residuals. We discuss a simple formal framework that allows one to handle individual differences. We also compare the depth scale obtained by way of this method with depth scales obtained in totally different ways, finding generally good agreement.","depth perception, space perception, picture perception, pictorial depth, depth order","en","journal article","Pion","","","","","","","","Industrial Design Engineering","Design Engineering","","","",""
"uuid:3315b5ae-7c9e-4c0e-bb5f-28d76eeb9106","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3315b5ae-7c9e-4c0e-bb5f-28d76eeb9106","Probing pictorial relief: From experimental design to surface reconstruction","Wijntjes, M.W.A.","","2011","The perception of pictorial surfaces has been studied quantitatively for more than 20 years. During this time, the “gauge figure method” has been shown to be a fast and intuitive method to quantify pictorial relief. In this method, observers have to adjust the attitude of a gauge figure such that it appears to lie flat on a surface in pictorial space. Although the method has received substantial attention in the literature and has become increasingly popular, a clear, step-by-step description has not been published yet. In this article, a detailed description of the method is provided: stimulus and sample preparation, performing the experiment, and reconstructing a 3-D surface from the experimental data. Furthermore, software (written in PsychToolbox) based on this description is provided in an online supplement. This report serves three purposes: First, it facilitates experimenters who want to use the gauge figure task but have been unable to design it, due to the lack of information in the literature. Second, the detailed description can facilitate the design of software for various other platforms, possibly Web-based. Third, the method described in this article is extended to objects with holes and inner contours. This class of objects have not yet been investigated with the gauge figure task.","depth perception; pictorial space; 3D shape","en","journal article","Springer","","","","","","","","Industrial Design Engineering","Perceptual Intelligence Lab","","","",""
"uuid:9af1b79e-c1f1-45fc-8342-eb347cf87fd4","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9af1b79e-c1f1-45fc-8342-eb347cf87fd4","The Influence of Teleoperator Stiffness and Damping on Object Discrimination","Christiansson, G.A.V.; Van der Linde, R.Q.; Van der Helm, F.C.T.","","2008","Human task performance using teleoperator systems depends on the physical and controlled parameters of the system. Two teleoperated grasping tasks—size and stiffness discrimination—were studied to investigate how changes in system parameters influence human capabilities. The device characteristics altered were teleoperator stiffness (size and stiffness discrimination) and teleoperator damping (size discrimination only). It was found that neither teleoperator stiffness nor teleoperator damping influenced size discrimination. Also, teleoperator stiffness did not influence stiffness discrimination. Furthermore, teleoperated performance was compared with direct interaction using bare hands or with the fingers in a bracket. Size discrimination performance was equivalent for these three conditions, but stiffness discrimination performance was lower for teleoperation than for direct interaction.","haptics; perception; teleoperation","en","journal article","IEEE","","","","","","","","Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering","Precision and Microsystems Engineering","","","",""
"uuid:6695429c-b898-4b8d-a059-98477ebfce53","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6695429c-b898-4b8d-a059-98477ebfce53","Aging and the haptic perception of 3D surface shape","Norman, J.F.; Kappers, A.M.L.; Beers, A.M.; Scott, A.K.; Norman, H.F.; Koenderink, J.J.","","2010","Two experiments evaluated the ability of older and younger adults to perceive the three-dimensional (3D) shape of object surfaces from active touch (haptics). The ages of the older adults ranged from 64 to 84 years, while those of the younger adults ranged from 18 to 27 years. In Experiment 1, the participants haptically judged the shape of large (20 cm diameter) surfaces with an entire hand. In contrast, in Experiment 2, the participants explored the shape of small (5 cm diameter) surfaces with a single finger. The haptic surfaces varied in shape index (Koenderink, Solid shape, 1990; Koenderink, Image and Vision Computing, 10, 557–564, 1992) from ?1.0 to +1.0 in steps of 0.25. For both types of surfaces (large and small), the participants were able to judge surface shape reliably. The older participants’ judgments of surface shape were just as accurate and precise as those of the younger participants. The results of the current study demonstrate that while older adults do possess reductions in tactile sensitivity and acuity, they nevertheless can effectively perceive 3D surface shape from haptic exploration.","aging; shape perception; haptics","en","journal article","Springer Verlag","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Mediamatics","","","",""
"uuid:701f84b3-ee81-47b9-a782-aac5b823ddef","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:701f84b3-ee81-47b9-a782-aac5b823ddef","Submillimeter lateral displacement enables friction sensing and awareness of surface slipperiness","Afzal, Hafiz Malik Naqash (University of New South Wales); Stubbs, Emma (University of New South Wales); Khamis, Heba (University of New South Wales); Loutit, Alastair J. (Neuroscience Research Australia); Redmond, Stephen (University College Dublin); Vickery, Richard Martin (University of New South Wales); Wiertlewski, M. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction); Birznieks, Ingvars (University of New South Wales)","","2022","Human tactile perception and motor control rely on the frictional estimates that stem from the deformation of the skin and slip events. However, it is not clear how exactly these mechanical events relate to the perception of friction. This study aims to quantify how minor lateral displacement and speed enables subjects to feel frictional differences. In a 2-alternative forced-choice protocol, an ultrasonic friction-reduction device was brought in contact perpendicular to the skin surface of an immobilized index finger; after reaching 1N normal force, the plate was moved laterally. A combination of four displacement magnitudes (0.2, 0.5, 1.2 and 2 mm), two levels of friction (high, low) and three displacement speeds (1, 5 and 10 mm/s) were tested. We found that the perception of frictional difference was enabled by submillimeter range lateral displacement. Friction discrimination thresholds were reached with lateral displacements ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 mm and surprisingly speed had only a marginal effect. These results demonstrate that partial slips are sufficient to cause awareness of surface slipperiness. These quantitative data are crucial for designing haptic devices that render slipperiness. The results also show the importance of subtle lateral finger movements present during dexterous manipulation tasks.","Acoustics; dexterity; Fingers; Force; Friction; hand; haptics; incipient slips; Modulation; object manipulation; perception; Protocols; Skin; tactile afferents","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","Human-Robot Interaction","","",""
"uuid:660e8fc9-c27c-4749-8ba9-47b4a77860a5","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:660e8fc9-c27c-4749-8ba9-47b4a77860a5","Train travel in corona time: Safety perceptions of and support for policy measures","Molin, E.J.E. (TU Delft Transport and Logistics); Kroesen, M. (TU Delft Transport and Logistics)","","2022","To minimize the risk of becoming infected by the Coronavirus while traveling by train, the national government and the Dutch railways' operator (NS) in the Netherlands have taken several policy measures. These involve that passengers have to wear masks and guidelines are issued for working at home and teaching online. In addition, other policy measures, such as introducing a reservation system, were considered. To examine to what extent train travelers support policy measures and how these change their perception of becoming infected while traveling by train, a stated preference experiment is conducted. Respondents were asked to evaluate various combinations of policy measures, both whether they consider it safe to travel by train under the stated conditions and whether they would vote in favor of the policy package in a referendum. To analyze the data, a mediation choice model is developed, which allows disentangling the direct effect of the policy measures on support and the indirect effect mediated by infection safety perception. To illustrate this, the results show that implementing the policy measure teaching on campus with later starting times would decrease travelers’ infection safety perception and therefore indirectly decrease its support. However, the positive direct effect on support suggests that travelers like this option better than teaching online, the guideline that applied at the time of data collection. The direct and indirect effects cancel each other out, indicating that this alternative policy measure would not count on more support than the guideline teaching online. Furthermore, this paper examines the heterogeneity in the support for policy measures by presenting and discussing the results of a Latent Class Choice Model. Amongst others, the results reveal that one class strongly supports the policy measure reservation system, while another class stongly opposes this measure, suggesting that implementing this measure is not trivial as suggested by its moderate effects at the aggregate level.","Covid19; Mediation model; Safety perception; Stated choice experiment; Train travel; Transport policy support","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Transport and Logistics","","",""
"uuid:1d1142ff-83bb-4ab3-927e-fcf186eaf48c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1d1142ff-83bb-4ab3-927e-fcf186eaf48c","A Walk to the Cherwell River Meadows: (Meaningfulness and) the Perceivable Form of the Urban Landscape","de Wit, S.I. (TU Delft Landscape Architecture)","","2022","Meaningfulness in the urban landscape is guided by perception: the qualities of the environment only become meaningful if they can be experienced. Experiences are localized in the physical environment: the form of the (urban) landscape - which includes materiality as well as structure - creates the conditions, the organisation, of experience. Thus, the (urban) landscape serves as a stimulus or catalyst for the meanings/meaningfulness each of us derives from, or attributes to the environment. However, the elements of the urban landscape are not so much images with a predefined meaning, but bodily perceivable kinaesthetic events that allow for each and every urban dweller or visitor to create their own narrative, based on these kinaesthetic events being strung together in a perceptual sequence, in mutual, spatiotemporal relationships. In order to generate insights in the role of perceivable form, the position of St. Catherine’s College between Oxford and the Cherwell river meadows will be studied from the narrative, spatiotemporal perspective of the experiencing subject moving through the city.","meaningfulness; p[erceivable form; perception; urban landscape","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Landscape Architecture","","",""
"uuid:bb086cd0-4c4b-43a9-b37f-be9b974052ae","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bb086cd0-4c4b-43a9-b37f-be9b974052ae","Students’ Perceptions of Doctoral Defense Formats","Lantsoght, E.O.L. (TU Delft Concrete Structures; Universidad San Francisco de Quito)","","2021","The doctoral defense is an important step in the doctoral journey and an essential requirement for obtaining a doctoral degree. Past research on the doctoral defense has focused solely on national practices. In this work, I investigate the potential link between the doctoral defense format based on its major and minor elements and the perception of the defense by the student. For this purpose, I first reviewed the different defense formats used internationally to extract the different elements of the doctoral defense, and the literature on students’ perceptions of the doctoral defense. Then, I carried out an international survey which received 297 responses, of which 204 were completed surveys which I used for the analysis in this article. I first analyzed the outcomes of the survey using qualitative and quantitative methods, and then cross-correlated the outcomes of defense format with the outcomes of student perception. From this analysis, I observed that the defense elements that positively impact the student’s perception are: publication of the thesis before the defense, receiving committee feedback before the defense, knowing the recommendations of one or more committee member in advance, having the supervisor present in the audience or as part of the committee, using a dress code, and including a laudatio. The final conclusion of this work is threefold. The first conclusion is that the details of the defense format impact most the students’ perception. The second conclusion is that doctoral students, on average, value the defense as a positive experience. The third conclusion is that the defense format cannot influence two important aspects of how a student perceives the defense: the student’s inner life and experience during the defense, and the behavior of the committee members.","assessment; viva voce; viva; student perception; quantitative research; PhD thesis; doctoral students; doctoral defense; defense formats; best practices","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Concrete Structures","","",""
"uuid:b4bdc062-a610-497d-aaea-ecb0fd766820","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b4bdc062-a610-497d-aaea-ecb0fd766820","Finger motion and contact by a second finger influence the tactile perception of electrovibration","Vardar, Y. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction; Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems); Kuchenbecker, Katherine J. (Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems)","","2021","Electrovibration holds great potential for creating vivid and realistic haptic sensations on touchscreens. Ideally, a designer should be able to control what users feel independent of the number of fingers they use, the movements they make, and how hard they press. We sought to understand the perception and physics of such interactions by determining the smallest 125 Hz electrovibration voltage that 15 participants could reliably feel when performing four different touch interactions at two normal forces. The results proved for the first time that both finger motion and contact by a second finger significantly affect what the user feels. At a given voltage, a single moving finger experiences much larger fluctuating electrovibration forces than a single stationary finger, making electrovibration much easier to feel during interactions involving finger movement. Indeed, only about 30% of participants could detect the stimulus without motion. Part of this difference comes from the fact that relative motion greatly increases the electrical impedance between a finger and the screen, as shown via detailed measurements from one individual. By contrast, threshold-level electrovibration did not significantly affect the coefficient of kinetic friction in any conditions. These findings help lay the groundwork for delivering consistent haptic feedback via electrovibration.","electrovibration/electroadhesion; haptics; perception; touchscreen","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human-Robot Interaction","","",""
"uuid:13c66eb4-540c-4d73-a77d-268e6865548d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:13c66eb4-540c-4d73-a77d-268e6865548d","How to Address Consumers’ Concerns and Information Needs about Emerging Chemical and Microbial Contaminants in Drinking Water: The Case of GenX in The Netherlands","Claassen, Liesbeth (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment); Hartmann, J. (TU Delft Sanitary Engineering; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment); Wuijts, Susanne (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment; Universiteit Utrecht)","","2021","The perceived safety of tap water is an important condition for consumers to drink it. Therefore, addressing consumers’ concerns should be included in the roadmap towards the UN SDG 6 on safe drinking water for all. This paper studies consumers’ information needs regarding emerging contaminants in drinking water using a mental model approach for the development of targeted risk communication. As most consumers expect safe drinking water, free of contamination, communication on emerging contaminants may increase concerns. Here, we showed that communication strategies better tailored to consumers’ information needs result in smaller increases in risk perception compared with existing strategies.","Drinking water; Emerging contaminants; Mental models; Risk communication; Risk perception","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Sanitary Engineering","","",""
"uuid:5d15e1f1-8610-46a9-bd68-f91aa9c43aaf","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5d15e1f1-8610-46a9-bd68-f91aa9c43aaf","Erbil city built heritage and wellbeing: An assessment of local perceptions using the semantic differential scale","Sektani, Hawar Himdad J. (Salahaddin University); Khayat, Mahmood (Salahaddin University); Mohammadi, Masi (Eindhoven University of Technology); Pereira Roders, A. (TU Delft Architectural Engineering +Technology)","","2021","Community perceptions and experiences of built heritage are essential in understanding the built heritage and effect in individual and community wellbeing. Subsequently, local perceptions of built heritage directly influence the conservation and heritage-led interventions. This study investigated local perceptions of built heritage in Erbil by assessing responses of 414 participants using a questionnaire survey aiming to identify how built heritage is perceived by the various group samples, exploring local perceptions’ (in)consistencies. Significant differences were found between architects’ and non-architects’ perceptions and related wellbeing. As the groups attribute different values, the results suggest that heritage buildings do not contribute to the wellbeing of non-architects as much as to architects. A contradicting result was found between modern and heritage buildings. This study contributes to the notion of human-centrality of the built environment by assessing local perceptions of built heritage, that, when implemented in urban planning and heritage management, can contribute to the city’s socio-cultural sustainable development.","Buffer-zone; Built heritage; Erbil city; Individual wellbeing; Local community; Perception assessment; Semantic differential scale","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","Architectural Engineering +Technology","","","",""
"uuid:179e172c-1c18-431f-bae0-ccaa5e7f600d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:179e172c-1c18-431f-bae0-ccaa5e7f600d","Walkability analyses of Delft city centre by Go-Along walks and testing of different design scenarios for a more walkable environment","Erturan Topgül, G.A. (TU Delft Urban Design); van der Spek, S.C. (TU Delft Urban Design)","","2021","This study seeks answers to the research question ‘How can walkability of urban spaces be analysed with a multidimensional approach by using mobile methods?’ The research consists of a literature review, a field study in the city centre of Delft conducted as Go-Along walks, which provide better insight in capturing the experience of walking in situ, and evaluation of design scenarios that were developed according to the outcomes of the field study. As a result, the study emphasizes the strong inter-relations between metrics for a walkable place and the necessity to discuss walkability multi-dimensionally.","Go-Along; mobile methodologies; pedestrian perception; Walkability","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Urban Design","","",""
"uuid:3821f578-9a06-4346-bc4e-6029da5ce933","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3821f578-9a06-4346-bc4e-6029da5ce933","Colored optic filters on c-Si IBC solar cells for building integrated photovoltaic applications","Ortiz Lizcano, J.C. (TU Delft Photovoltaic Materials and Devices); Procel Moya, P.A. (TU Delft Photovoltaic Materials and Devices; Universidad San Francisco de Quito); Calcabrini, A. (TU Delft Photovoltaic Materials and Devices); Yang, G. (TU Delft Photovoltaic Materials and Devices); Ingenito, Andrea (CSEM SA); Santbergen, R. (TU Delft Photovoltaic Materials and Devices); Zeman, M. (TU Delft Electrical Sustainable Energy); Isabella, O. (TU Delft Photovoltaic Materials and Devices)","","2021","Building Integrated Photovoltaic systems can produce a significant portion of the energy demand of urban areas. Despite their potential, they remain a niche technology that architects and project engineers still find esthetically limited. The dark blue or black color of standard photovoltaic panels is considered inappropriate for restoration projects of historic buildings and represents a major constraint on the development of new projects. This work will provide insight into how the use of optic filters can offer new pathways for architectural acceptance of photovoltaic panels. Optic filters selectively reflect or transmit light by interference and can be designed and fabricated using cost-effective and industrially compatible processes. By using in-house developed ray tracing software coupled with TCAD Sentaurus, more than 400 colors were obtained, and their impact on the opto-electrical performance of interdigitated back-contacted solar cells was studied. Results show a maximum efficiency loss of 1.6% absolute at the perpendicular incidence of light on the range of obtained colors when compared with a standard dark blue solar cell. Simulations for different angles of incidence showed that the current reduction on the standard device could be modeled using a cosine relationship. The colored cells, however, deviated significantly from this relationship. We propose that the angular behavior of any cell (colored or standard) could be simulated by modifying the effective irradiance with scaling factors equal to the ratios of the photogenerated current at any angle with respect to the value at normal incidence. We demonstrate that this approach accurately models the effect of the color filter and allows for an easy transition from a bare cell to an encapsulated one. Due to the spectral effect of the filter, we developed both a spectrally resolved optical model and a two-dimensional finite volume transient thermal model. In case of the optical model, we demonstrate an accuracy in the prediction of the reflectance produced by the color with values of mean bias error (MBE) between 2.0% and 3.9%. As for the thermal model, it was validated by first analyzing a standard model under conditions of nominal operating cell temperature and then comparing its results with published scientific literature. Later, we compare its prediction against 2 weeks of measurements. In both cases the thermal model proves an adequate accuracy, yielding differences below 1.5°C with respect to other scientific works and an MBE value of 0.89°C as well as a root-mean-square error value of 2.10°C for the entire measurement period. With the validated models, we studied the effect of the encapsulation on the color perception. We present two options of color filters. The first one produces relatively low reflectance losses and presents relative annual direct current (DC) energy losses of up to 6.4% for Delft, in the Netherlands, and up to 5.9% for Alice Springs in Australia. However, this first option has very poor color brightness. The second studied filter produces highly saturated bright colors. Improving brightness can increase the annual DC relative losses up to 13.7% and 13.5% for Delft and Alice Springs, respectively. Overall, we demonstrate that colored filters based on multilayer optical stacks are a versatile option for coloring cells that allow a good compromise between esthetics and performance.","BIPV; c-Si Solar Cells; color perception; colored modules; performance assessment; solar energy","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","Electrical Sustainable Energy","Photovoltaic Materials and Devices","","",""
"uuid:cb0deff1-cad4-4a0a-96cc-e32bcb9ea3fb","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cb0deff1-cad4-4a0a-96cc-e32bcb9ea3fb","An Aircraft Interior Change to Improve the Passenger Safety Perception","Zawierucha, M. (Student TU Delft); Ribeiro Monteiro, Luciana (EMBRAER); Schermer, W. (TU Delft Design Aesthetics); Vink, P. (TU Delft Materials and Manufacturing)","","2021","In fact, the aircraft interior is rather safe with respect to viral safety. However, the perception of passengers is different. Passengers might be afraid of catching the COVID-19 virus or another virus while traveling.
This study shows that especially the phase of eating without a facemask and the phase of disembarking with passengers rushing to the exit is experienced as unsafe. For the disembarking solutions are available,
but solutions for eating next to other passengers in economy class are scarce. Therefore, solutions were developed and 24 potential passengers evaluated four concepts. Eighteen out of the 24 passengers preferred the ‘roller blind’, which is a kind of roller screen, which can be rolled out and can be attached to the seat
in front of you. This separates your seat from the adjacent seat. Future research is needed whether it is accepted and whether the potential advantage is beneficial enough for airlines.","COVID-19, Aircraft interior, Passenger perception, Design, Safety","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Design Aesthetics","","",""
"uuid:fb1fb965-798a-4dd5-8e54-9bc6dc6e0488","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fb1fb965-798a-4dd5-8e54-9bc6dc6e0488","Actions of primary school teachers to improve the indoor environmental quality of classrooms in the Netherlands","Zhang, D. (TU Delft Indoor Environment); Bluyssen, P.M. (TU Delft Indoor Environment)","","2019","Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in classrooms can have an effect on school children’s comfort, health, and performance. In most classrooms, the teacher is the only one who can take actions to change the IEQ. The objective of this study was to identify what teachers usually do to improve IEQ in classrooms and how these actions relate to children’s comfort perceptions. A survey was carried out among 1145 school children (9–12 years) in 21 primary schools (54 classrooms) in the Netherlands. Every child filled out a questionnaire about their comfort perception and every teacher filled out a questionnaire about their IEQ-improving actions and school children’s requests to change the IEQ. The relations among children’s comfort perceptions, their requests, and teachers’ actions were analysed through t-tests and chi-squared tests. The most common action conducted by teachers was opening windows because of the ‘too warm’ complaints. Correspondingly, the most frequent request of the children was opening/closing windows because of thermal discomfort. However, the teachers’ actions did not have a significant impact on children’s comfort perceptions, which means that teachers could not fulfil every child’s needs in a classroom, even though teachers’ actions did relate to the child’s requests.","Children’s perceptions; children’s requests; indoor environmental quality; primary school classrooms; teachers’ actions","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Indoor Environment","","",""
"uuid:192f999f-e5f7-4c56-b224-6d57ad2f4d19","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:192f999f-e5f7-4c56-b224-6d57ad2f4d19","Place attachment, distress, risk perception and coping in a case of earthquakes in the Netherlands","Jansen, S.J.T. (TU Delft OLD Housing Systems)","","2019","In the Netherlands, the extraction of natural gas from the ground has led to soil subsidence and the occurrence of earthquakes. These earthquakes cause physical damage to buildings and give rise to psychological distress. Research on the impact of natural hazards, such as earthquakes, has shown that there is a complicated relationship between place attachment, perceived risk and coping strategies. The current study, performed in the earthquake area, provides further insight into this relationship, with a focus on place attachment. The study examines whether place attachment is related to (1) the damage intensity of the neighbourhood, (2) socio-demographic characteristics, (3) cognitive and emotional characteristics and (4) coping strategies. The results show that stronger place attachment is related to higher age, lower education and place of origin in the region. Furthermore, respondents with strong place attachment more frequently indicated to be frightened by the multiple earthquakes and to expect damage to their dwelling as a consequence of future earthquakes. Nevertheless, these respondents less frequently intended to relocate than respondents with weaker place attachment. This result indicates that strong place attachment might diminish the chances of moving out despite the awareness of risk and the emotional response to the earthquake hazard.","Earthquakes; Intention to move; Place attachment; Psychological distress; Risk perception","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","OLD Housing Systems","","",""
"uuid:c5707ca7-f7db-4596-bb04-2efb6fc05f3a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c5707ca7-f7db-4596-bb04-2efb6fc05f3a","First SenseLab studies with primary school children: exposure to different environmental configurations in the experience room","Bluyssen, P.M. (TU Delft Indoor Environment); Zhang, D. (TU Delft Indoor Environment); Kim, D.H. (TU Delft Indoor Environment); Eijkelenboom, A.M. (TU Delft Indoor Environment); Ortiz, Marco A. (TU Delft Indoor Environment)","","2019","To study the combined effect of different environmental factors on children in a classroom setting, 250 children from seven primary schools were exposed to 36 different environmental configurations (‘all’ and ‘fewer’ acoustical panels; ‘displacement’ and ‘mixing’ ventilation; sound type: ‘children talk’, ‘traffic’, and ‘none’; and ‘direct’, ‘indirect’ and ‘soft’ lighting). In a four-way factorial design, they assessed with 18 groups on eight different days temperature, draught, noise, light and smell. Correlation, three-way ANOVA, comparison tests and multi-regression analysis were used to analyse relationships, and main, cross-modal and interaction effects. The results show that more acoustical panels had a positive effect on the children’s assessment of sound. Sound type had a main effect on the assessment of sound. Statistical significant cross-modal effects were found for lighting and sound type on the assessment of smell. Significant three-way interactions between ‘Vent’, ‘Sound’, and ‘Light’ types were found for smell and light in the ‘fewer panels’ situations; and for light in the ‘all panels’ situations. Multiple-regression analysis also showed that perception of smell was significantly related with draught, sound and light perception in ‘fewer panels’ conditions. Further studies on these cross-modal interactions are recommended, specifically at individual level.","combined effect; different environmental configurations; lab study; perceived indoor environmental qualities; perception; Primary school children","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Indoor Environment","","",""
"uuid:550c3a32-0e7e-4b0c-a9ed-367a98335cc5","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:550c3a32-0e7e-4b0c-a9ed-367a98335cc5","Understanding gloss perception through the lens of art: Combining perception, image analysis, and painting recipes of 17th century painted grapes","Di Cicco, F. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); Wijntjes, M.W.A. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); Pont, S.C. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design)","","2019","To understand the key image features that we use to infer the glossiness of materials, we analyzed the pictorial shortcuts used by 17th century painters to imitate the optical phenomenon of specular reflections when depicting grapes. Gloss perception of painted grapes was determined via a rating experiment. We computed the contrast, blurriness, and coverage of the grapes' highlights in the paintings' images, inspired by Marlow and Anderson (2013). The highlights were manually segmented from the images, and next the features contrast, coverage, and blurriness were semiautomatically quantified using self-defined algorithms. Multiple linear regressions of contrast and blurriness resulted in a predictive model that could explain 69% of the variance in gloss perception. No effect was found for coverage. These findings are in agreement with the instructions to render glossiness of grapes contained in a 17th century painting manual (Beurs, 1692/in press), suggesting that painting practice embeds knowledge about key image features that trigger specific material percepts.","material perception; gloss perception; paintings; image analysis; image features; OA-Fund TU Delft","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human Information Communication Design","","",""
"uuid:7ef37bed-b949-40e1-8aca-7fce7b3ea3dc","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7ef37bed-b949-40e1-8aca-7fce7b3ea3dc","Compensating for perceptual filters in weak signal assessments","van Veen, B.L. (TU Delft OLD Design Theory and Methodology); Ortt, J.R. (TU Delft Economics of Technology and Innovation); Badke-Schaub, P.G. (TU Delft Methodologie en Organisatie van Design)","","2019","The effect of ambiguous and non-salient information on the managerial interpretive process is rarely investigated, although this information is considered to be the basis for strategic decision-making and requires a different process due to its ill-defined nature. This paper explores the process that outperforming managers used to detect and interpret weak signals. Interviews with 13 top-managers were analyzed using a grounded theory approach to allow the process to emerge. The findings confirmed earlier conclusions on perceptual filters that reduce the number and type of signals assessed. Contrary to earlier findings, the process was significantly altered to compensate for this loss in two ways. First, managers deliberately postponed their assessment of a weak signal by discussing it with people with distinct and second, some managers deliberately searched for signals that were unfamiliar and not fitting their mental model. The sample consisted of outperforming top managers, which raised questions about the generalizability of the findings in specific directions: are the alterations in the weak signal process exemplary for outperformers only, and how does its success compare to formal foresight methods. Finally, the findings have managerial relevance since they indicate how to detect and bring weak signals into the company before impact.","Emerging change; Perception; Perceptual filter; Top manager; Weak signal","en","journal article","","","","","","Accepted author manuscript","","2021-03-07","","","OLD Design Theory and Methodology","","",""
"uuid:08958bf0-e2d4-4111-a1df-5b750e883752","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:08958bf0-e2d4-4111-a1df-5b750e883752","A Unifying Theory of Driver Perception and Steering Control on Straight and Winding Roads","van der El, Kasper (TU Delft Control & Simulation); Pool, D.M. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); van Paassen, M.M. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); Mulder, Max (TU Delft Control & Simulation)","","2019","Novel driver support systems potentially enhance road safety by cooperating with the human driver. To optimize the design of emerging steering support systems, a profound understanding of driver steering behavior is required. This article proposes a new theory of driver steering, which unifies visual perception and control models. The theory is derived directly from measured steering data, without any a priori assumptions on driver inputs or control dynamics. Results of a human-in-the-loop simulator experiment are presented, in which drivers tracked the centerline of straight and winding roads. Multiloop frequency response function (FRF) estimates reveal how drivers use visual preview, lateral position feedback, and heading feedback for control. Classical control theory is used to model all three FRF estimates. The model has physically interpretable parameters, which indicate that drivers minimize the bearing angle to an 'aim point' (located 0.25-0.75 s ahead) through simple compensatory control, both on straight and winding roads. The resulting unifying perception and control theory provides a new tool for rationalizing driver steering behavior, and for optimizing modern steering support systems.","Control theory; Driver steering; multiloop control; preview information; Roads; system identification; Task analysis; Vehicle dynamics; Vehicles; visual perception; Visualization; Windings","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Control & Simulation","","",""
"uuid:c0d64cfb-dcfe-4e3b-bdad-467171e30a55","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c0d64cfb-dcfe-4e3b-bdad-467171e30a55","The Oblique Effect in the Perception of the Direction Between Two Points of Vibration on the Back","Plaisier, M.A. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design; Eindhoven University of Technology); Kappers, Astrid M.L. (Eindhoven University of Technology)","","2022","Vibrations on the back of a person can convey information about direction through sequentially switching on two vibration motors. For perception of direction the oblique effect can occur, meaning that perception of cardinal directions is more precise than perception of oblique directions. We investigated the role of the positioning of the vibrations with respect to the spine. In the first condition all vibration motors were placed in a circle around the spine ('Circle' condition) and direction was conveyed by switching on vibration motors on opposite sides of the circle. In the second condition the vibrations were placed in two semi-circles of which the centers were on the left and right sides of the back ('Semi-circle' condition). We found that participants showed larger deviations as well as a larger spread for oblique directions than for cardinal directions in both conditions. This indicates that the oblique effect occurred. Therefore, the oblique effect can occur irregardless of the positioning of the vibration motors with respect to the spine. Both deviations and spread were larger in the 'Semi-circle' condition than in the 'Circle' condition suggesting an advantage for centering motors around the spine, although this might have been influenced by the distance between vibrations.","Direction; Haptic perception; Vibrotactile","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","Human Information Communication Design","","",""
"uuid:0521ad5c-ae3b-4d42-9138-8deb0f2c989f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0521ad5c-ae3b-4d42-9138-8deb0f2c989f","A novel encoding element for robust pose estimation using planar fiducials","Rijlaarsdam, D.D.W. (Student TU Delft); Zwick, Martin (European Space Agency (ESA)); Kuiper, J.M. (TU Delft Space Systems Egineering)","","2022","Pose estimation in robotics is often achieved using images from known and purposefully applied markers or fiducials taken by a monocular camera. This low-cost system architecture can provide accurate and precise pose estimation measurements. However, to prevent the restriction of robotic movement and occlusions of features, the fiducial markers are often planar. While numerous planar fiducials exist, the performance of these markers suffers from pose ambiguities and loss of precision under frontal observations. These issues are most prevalent in systems with less-than-ideal specifications such as low-resolution detectors, low field of view optics, far-range measurements etc. To mitigate these issues, encoding markers have been proposed in literature. These markers encode an extra dimension of information in the signal between marker and sensor, thus increasing the robustness of the pose solution. In this work, we provide a survey of these encoding markers and show that existing solutions are complex, require optical elements and are not scalable. Therefore, we present a novel encoding element based on the compound eye of insects such as the Mantis. The encoding element encodes a virtual point in space in its signal without the use of optical elements. The features provided by the encoding element are mathematically equivalent to those of a protrusion. Where existing encoding fiducials require custom software, the projected virtual point can be used with standard pose solving algorithms. The encoding element is simple, can be produced using a consumer 3D printer and is fully scalable. The end-to-end implementation of the encoding element proposed in this work significantly increases the pose estimation performance of existing planar fiducials, enabling robust pose estimation for robotic systems.","Fiducial markers (FMs); pose estimation; encoding element; pose ambiguity elimination; monocular 3D motion estimation; robotic perception; navigation","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Space Systems Egineering","","",""
"uuid:e53ac87c-9bf6-4a05-b8d0-48399954ddcf","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e53ac87c-9bf6-4a05-b8d0-48399954ddcf","Perceived Barriers to Nearly Zero-Energy Housing: Empirical Evidence from Kilkenny, Ireland","Souaid, C. (TU Delft Urban Development Management); van der Heijden, H.M.H. (TU Delft Real Estate Management); Elsinga, M.G. (TU Delft Urban Development Management)","","2022","In 2010, the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive announced that all new buildings are to be nearly zero-energy as of January 2021. Having reached year 2022, it can be said that the transition has proven to be slower than anticipated. Transition research has long acknowledged the potential impact of the human factor in the process of change. While there is a relative wealth of literature on end-users and their perceptions as recipients of change within the demand end of the market, research on professionals and their perceptions as actors in the process of change is limited. Thus, this study looks at the human factor in the supply end of the market by bringing professionals’ perceptions to the forefront in its investigation of barriers to the implementation and uptake of nearly zero-energy housing in practice. As part of the project entitled Housing 4.0 Energy: Affordable and Sustainable Housing through Digitization, data were collected through a focus group and semi-structured interviews with housing professionals in Kilkenny, Ireland. Descriptive coding, inferential coding, and fact tracing revealed several identified barriers to be perceptions and not actual barriers to nearly zero-energy housing. Additionally, information dissemination and assimilation between policy and industry was identified as an overarching barrier. Therefore, the paper ends with recommendations to reduce delay factors at the supply end of the market, thus contributing to closing the gap between the development of policies and their implementation","nearly zero-energy housing; NZEB; barriers; perceptions; housing professionals; sustainability transition","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Urban Development Management","","",""
"uuid:d2e2635f-ec1e-4406-bfe7-9f05015cc30f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d2e2635f-ec1e-4406-bfe7-9f05015cc30f","Authenticity and meaningful futures for museums: the role of 3D printing","Tissen, L.N.M. (TU Delft Team Joris Dik; Universiteit Leiden)","","2021","This article uses the COVID –19 crisis to re –evaluate the importance of reproductions – 3D prints – for art’s authenticity, and their significance in keeping art museums meaningful in a rapidly changing world. The fixation on ‘auratic experiences’, inherent to artworks’ materiality is integral to contemporary art theory and museum practice, resulting in a rejection of reproductions. However, the inaccessibility to engage with physical artworks due to the coronacrisis would suggest a loss of art’s significance and the museum’s importance. Yet, the opposite is happening, as engaging with artworks happened via anti-authentic: reproductions. Dennis Dutton’s analysis of authenticity helps unfolding the various values an artwork can have beyond its physicality. Additionally, Henry Jenkins’ convergence theory helps seeing our relationship with artworks as dispersed over mixed media, reaching beyond materiality. By considering museums as multifaceted mediums themselves, it becomes possible to understand the dynamics of authenticity in museums without physical borders. Authenticity is not static; it is a social construct allowing various perceptions that change over time, resulting in shifting appreciations of both artworks and 3D prints. Finally, ways are proposed in which reproductions can attribute to developing meaningful narratives that can take place with limited or no engagement with artworks or museums’ physicality.","3D printing; Authenticity; Museums; 3D technology; Perception; Exhibition design; Art; Painting reconstruction","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Team Joris Dik","","",""
"uuid:4b2aa577-361e-48c6-a096-d0aedbfc933d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4b2aa577-361e-48c6-a096-d0aedbfc933d","3D Reproductions of Cultural Heritage Artifacts: Evaluation of Significance and Experience","Malik, Umair (Politecnico di Milano); Tissen, L.N.M. (Universiteit Leiden); Vermeeren, A.P.O.S. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design)","","2021","3D digitization of cultural heritage has long been used to preserve information about cultural heritage (CH) objects such as architecture, art, and artifacts. 3D dissemination of CH objects through technologies such as augmented reality, virtual reality, and 3D printing have impacted the fields of art history and cultural heritage and have become more common. Yet, studies that go beyond the technical aspects of 3D technology and treat such topics as their significance for restoration, conservation, engagement, education, research, and ethics hardly exist. The aim of this paper is twofold: on the one hand, it aims to get a better understanding of the applicability of each technology for different purposes (education, research, conservation/restoration, and museum presentation), and, on the other hand, it focuses on the perception of these technologies. This research was carried out by combining a literature review with quantitative and qualitative analyses of the data acquired through (1) a questionnaire of eleven questions and (2) a workshop with a group of specialists and non-specialists who were asked to brainstorm about the different uses of the 3D technologies and their applicability to their areas of work and research. Based on the analysis of these quantitative and qualitative data, we provide some criteria for using 3D digitized and printed reproductions to enhance cultural experiences. The results demonstrate the importance of carefully designing 3D interactions in the personal and cultural contexts of end-users and cultural institutions in order to create authentic cultural experiences.","3D printing; AR; VR; Cultural Heritage; Experience design; Museums; Perception","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human Information Communication Design","","",""
"uuid:7c382da0-5a5d-44f9-bd21-a0c7d3107c0d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7c382da0-5a5d-44f9-bd21-a0c7d3107c0d","Learning to Feel Textures: Predicting Perceptual Similarities From Unconstrained Finger-Surface Interactions","Richardson, Benjamin A. (Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems; University of Stuttgart); Vardar, Y. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction); Wallraven, Christian (Korea University); Kuchenbecker, Katherine J. (Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems)","","2022","Whenever we touch a surface with our fingers, we perceive distinct tactile properties that are based on the underlying dynamics of the interaction. However, little is known about how the brain aggregates the sensory information from these dynamics to form abstract representations of textures. Earlier studies in surface perception all used general surface descriptors measured in controlled conditions instead of considering the unique dynamics of specific interactions, reducing the comprehensiveness and interpretability of the results. Here, we present an interpretable modeling method that predicts the perceptual similarity of surfaces by comparing probability distributions of features calculated from short time windows of specific physical signals (finger motion, contact force, fingernail acceleration) elicited during unconstrained finger-surface interactions. The results show that our method can predict the similarity judgments of individual participants with a maximum Spearman's correlation of 0.7. Furthermore, we found evidence that different participants weight interaction features differently when judging surface similarity. Our findings provide new perspectives on human texture perception during active touch, and our approach could benefit haptic surface assessment, robotic tactile perception, and haptic rendering.","finger-surface interaction; Fingers; Force; Friction; Haptic interfaces; machine learning; predicting human tactile perception; probabilistic representation; Rough surfaces; Surface roughness; Surface texture; texture perception","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human-Robot Interaction","","",""
"uuid:a2401ea6-e043-44d1-a1d7-debe6131b9c9","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a2401ea6-e043-44d1-a1d7-debe6131b9c9","Embodied Learning at a Distance: from Sensory-Motor Experience to Constructing and Understanding a Sine Graph","Shvarts, Anna (Universiteit Utrecht); van Helden, G. (TU Delft Space Systems Egineering)","","2021","Educational technologies develop quickly. Which functions of face-to-face education can be substituted by technology for distance learning? One of the risks of online education is the lack of embodied interactions. We investigate what embodied interactive technologies might offer for teaching trigonometry when learning at a distance. In a multiple case study, we analyze the potential of embodied action-based design for fostering conceptual understanding of a sine graph. It appears that independent learning with tablet-based activities leads to acquiring new sensory-motor coordinations. Some students include these new embodied experiences into mathematical discourse and trigonometry problem solving themselves, while others still need some support from a teacher. However, distantly acquired embodied experiences can be easily recalled in a few days after learning and serve well as a substrate for further conceptualization and problem-solving. The results speak for a clear contribution that embodied design might provide for grounding conceptual understanding in distance learning. However, we expect embodied design to be particularly helpful in a blended learning format.","Embodied design; Conceptual understanding; Distance learning; Mathematics education; perception-action loop; trigonometry","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Space Systems Egineering","","",""
"uuid:472910ea-814e-48f0-b8b9-4302ef029cf5","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:472910ea-814e-48f0-b8b9-4302ef029cf5","Unsupervised Tuning of Filter Parameters Without Ground-Truth Applied to Aerial Robots","Li, S. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); de Wagter, C. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); de Croon, G.C.H.E. (TU Delft Control & Simulation)","","2019","Autonomous robots heavily rely on well-tuned state estimation filters for successful control. This letter presents a novel automatic tuning strategy for learning filter parameters by minimizing the innovation, i.e., the discrepancy between expected and received signals from all sensors. The optimization process only requires the inputs and outputs of the filter without ground truth. Experiments were conducted with the Crazyflie quadrotor, and all parameters of the extended Kalman filter are well tuned after one 10-s manual flight. The proposed method has multiple advantages, of which we demonstrate two experimentally. First, the learned parameters are suitable for each individual drone, even if their particular sensors deviate from the standard, e.g., by being noisier. Second, this manner of self-tuning allows one to effortlessly expand filters when new sensors or better drone models become available. The learned parameters result in a better state estimation performance than the standard Crazyflie parameters.","Aerial systems: perception and autonomy; localization; sensor fusion","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Control & Simulation","","",""
"uuid:bb99e658-cf31-4918-8da2-ed8908469919","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bb99e658-cf31-4918-8da2-ed8908469919","Stakeholders’ Risk Perception: A Perspective for Proactive Risk Management in Residential Building Energy Retrofits in China","Jia, L. (TU Delft Housing Quality and Process Innovation); Qian, QK (TU Delft Housing Quality and Process Innovation); Meijer, F.M. (TU Delft Architecture OTB); Visscher, H.J. (TU Delft Housing Quality and Process Innovation)","","2020","The implementation of energy retrofit of residential buildings faces many risks around the world, especially in China, leading to low retrofit progress. Stakeholders’ proactive risk management is the key to the smooth implementation of retrofit projects but is normally affected by risk perception. Perceived risks instead of real risks are the motivators of their proactive behaviours. This paper aims to understand and address the present risk perception of stakeholders in order to drive effective proactive risk mitigation practices. Based on a risk list identified through a literature review and interviews, a questionnaire survey was then made to analyse and compare different stakeholders’ perceptions of each risk by measuring the levels of their concern about risks. It is validated that all the stakeholder groups tend to mitigate risks perceived highly proactively. Proactive risk management of risk-source-related stakeholders deserves more attention and responsibility-sharing with transaction costs (TCs) considerations contribute to the enhancement of risk perception. More responsibilities of construction quality and maintenance is taken by the government and contractors should be clarified, and the government should also be responsible for assisting design work. Effective information is beneficial to the decrease in homeowners’ risk perception that can motivate their initiative of cooperation.","Energy retrofits; Proactive risk management; Risk perception; Stakeholder behaviours; Transaction costs","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Housing Quality and Process Innovation","","",""
"uuid:6c08af98-2720-4b62-ab6c-584bb3f4af81","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6c08af98-2720-4b62-ab6c-584bb3f4af81","Dissecting Disorder Perceptions: Neighborhood Structure and the Moderating Role of Interethnic Contact and Xenophobic Attitudes","Janssen, H.J. (TU Delft Urban Studies); Oberwittler, Dietrich (Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches und internationales Strafrecht); Gerstner, Dominik (Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches und internationales Strafrecht)","","2019","Although urban disorder has played a central role in neighborhood research, its impact may have been overstated in studies relying on the subjective perception of survey respondents only. Research on the “perception bias”—defined as the divergence between respondents’ subjective assessments and systematic observations of disorder—has revealed the ambiguous nature of disorder and opened a door to the analysis of the social construction of this environmental cognition. Using survey and observational data from 140 small neighborhoods in two German cities, we advance this research by focusing on the moderating role of residents’ interethnic contacts and attitudes. The results show that the effects of neighborhood minority concentration on the perception bias are conditional on the residents’ interethnic contacts and xenophobic attitudes. These findings highlight the subjectivity of disorder perceptions and caution against a naive understanding of Broken Windows theory.","Broken Windows theory; disorder; incivilities; interethnic attitudes; neighborhoods; perception bias","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Urban Studies","","",""
"uuid:7a972596-c121-49d1-a081-a215c092bd04","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7a972596-c121-49d1-a081-a215c092bd04","Unperceived motor actions of the balance system interfere with the causal attribution of self-motion","Tisserand, Romain (University of British Columbia; Université de Poitiers; Université Tours); Rasman, Brandon G. (Erasmus MC; University of Otago); Omerovic, Nina (Erasmus MC); Peters, Ryan M. (University of British Columbia; University of Calgary); Forbes, P.A. (TU Delft Biomechanical Engineering; Erasmus MC); Blouin, Jean Sébastien (University of British Columbia)","","2022","The instability of human bipedalism demands that the brain accurately senses balancing self-motion and determines whether movements originate from self-generated actions or external disturbances. Here, we challenge the longstanding notion that this process relies on a single representation of the body and world to accurately perceive postural orientation and organize motor responses to control balance self-motion. Instead, we find that the conscious sense of balance can be distorted by the corrective control of upright standing. Using psychophysics, we quantified thresholds to imposed perturbations and balance responses evoking cues of self-motion that are (in)distinguishable from corrective balance actions. When standing immobile, participants clearly perceived imposed perturbations. Conversely, when freely balancing, participants often misattributed their own corrective responses as imposed motion because their balance system had detected, integrated, and responded to the perturbation in the absence of conscious perception. Importantly, this only occurred for perturbations encoded ambiguously with balance-correcting responses and that remained below the natural variability of ongoing balancing oscillations. These findings reveal that our balance system operates on its own sensorimotor principles that can interfere with causal attribution of our actions, and that our conscious sense of balance depends critically on the source and statistics of induced and self-generated motion cues.","perception; action; standing; postural sway; balance control; psychophysics; perturbation; OA-Fund TU Delft","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","Biomechanical Engineering","","","",""
"uuid:f1eade11-7c0d-4ea4-8e66-3d608dae45ec","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f1eade11-7c0d-4ea4-8e66-3d608dae45ec","A Stereovision-based Navigation System for Autonomous Vessels","Hepworth, M. (TU Delft Transport Engineering and Logistics); Garofano, V. (TU Delft Transport Engineering and Logistics); Pang, Y. (TU Delft Transport Engineering and Logistics); Reppa, V. (TU Delft Transport Engineering and Logistics)","","2022","Sustainability goals have reignited interest in more fuel efficient modalities for urban freight transportation. The autonomous inland vessel has the potential to enable a modality shift to the waterway, however economically-conscious solutions to the technological challenges are lacking. This paper explores the potential role of stereovision technology as a primary sensor set within the application of autonomous inland vessels. The design of a multi-camera navigation system for mid-range perception and localisation tasks is presented with a view to providing sufficient data for collision avoidance tasks. The performance of these sensors in the application is evaluated with experimental testing using small-scale vessels in an indoor tank, demonstrating their capabilities and limitations for consideration in ongoing research.","Autonomous Surface Vehicle; Robot Navigation; Programming and Vision; Neural Networks; Multi Sensor Systems; Perception","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Transport Engineering and Logistics","","",""
"uuid:ed8025d9-0fdf-4ec1-815c-fef09dee61b8","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ed8025d9-0fdf-4ec1-815c-fef09dee61b8","Soft like velvet and shiny like satin: Perceptual material signatures of fabrics depicted in 17th century paintings","Di Cicco, F. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); van Zuijlen, M.J.P. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); Wijntjes, M.W.A. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); Pont, S.C. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design)","","2021","Dutch 17th century painters were masters in depicting materials and their properties in a convincing way. Here, we studied the perception of the material signatures and key image features of different depicted fabrics, like satin and velvet. We also tested whether the perception of fabrics depicted in paintings related to local or global cues, by cropping the stimuli. In Experiment 1, roughness, warmth, softness, heaviness, hairiness, and shininess were rated for the stimuli shown either full figure or cropped. In the full figure, all attributes except shininess were rated higher for velvet, whereas shininess was rated higher for satin. This distinction was less clear in the cropped condition, and some properties were perceived significantly different between the two conditions. In Experiment 2 we tested whether this difference was due to the choice of the cropped area. On the basis of the results of Experiment 1, shininess and softness were rated for multiple crops from each fabric. Most crops from the same fabric differed significantly in shininess, but not in softness perception. Perceived shininess correlated positively with the mean luminance of the crops and the highlights’ coverage. Experiment 1 showed that painted velvet and satin triggered distinct perceptions, indicative of robust material signatures of the two fabrics. The results of Experiment 2 suggest that the presence of local image cues affects the perception of optical properties like shininess, but not mechanical properties such as softness.","fabrics; image cues; material perception; paintings; shininess; softness; OA-Fund TU Delft","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human Information Communication Design","","",""
"uuid:6facedae-04f0-4cdc-a6f4-866d8bc3765a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6facedae-04f0-4cdc-a6f4-866d8bc3765a","Perceived risk of lock-in in the front-end phase of major transportation projects","Cantarelli, Chantal C. (University of Sheffield); Oglethorpe, David (Cranfield University); van Wee, G.P. (TU Delft Transport and Logistics)","","2021","Lock-in is defined as the tendency to continue with an inefficient decision or project proposal. The front-end phase is critical to project success, yet most studies have focused on lock-in in the implementation phase. Moreover, little is known about the way in which decision-makers perceive the risk of lock-in. In this paper we identify determinants of lock-in in the front-end phase and we reveal decision-makers’ perceptions of risk of lock-in. Our findings show that risk attitudes towards lock-in vary with the level of risk aversion. However, this is not sufficiently acute to drive the level of regret needed to avoid lock-in. This implies that decision-makers do not accurately assess the risk of lock-in and as such their risk perceptions are a mediating factor in the formation of lock-in. Based on escalation of commitment, path dependency, and prospect theory, the main contribution lies in providing a more comprehensive understanding of lock-in in the front-end phase.","Decision-making; Escalation of commitment; Lock-in; Major transportation projects; Path dependency; Risk perception","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Transport and Logistics","","",""
"uuid:28cea6ab-2f09-4005-92ea-6337116e4167","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:28cea6ab-2f09-4005-92ea-6337116e4167","User-centric analytic approach to evaluate the performance of sports facilities: A study of swimming pools","Lau, Erica (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University); Hou, H. (TU Delft Real Estate Management); Lai, Joseph H.K. (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University); Edwards, David (Birmingham City University); Chileshe, Nicholas (University of South Australia)","","2021","While the performance of sports facilities such as swimming pools is crucial to the health, safety and enjoyment of pool users, little research has been conducted to explore how to analytically evaluate the holistic performance of such facilities from the users' perspective. Even an evaluation framework portraying the key performance attributes of swimming pools is yet to be available. Recognising this research gap, this study aims to adopt a user-centric approach to evaluate the performance of swimming pools and a multi-stage study was initiated. After a thorough literature review, a performance attribute hierarchy for swimming pools was established through a focus group study and then two surveys, covering four swimming pools and 103 pool users interviewed, were conducted in Hong Kong. Analysing the responses using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method illustrates that the building services (i.e. utilitarian) aspect of swimming pools is more important than the architectural counterpart, and survey participants cared more about the performance attributes inside water than those outside. This study's novelty lies in that it adopted the user-centric approach, which can differentiate between the relative importance of different swimming pool components and prioritize resources for their maintenance and management. The evaluation framework as well as the findings of the study provides facilities managers with important benchmark criteria for optimising the performance of these sports facilities. In the long run, this study contributes to enabling the project stakeholders to conduct evidence-based decision making over the life cycle of sport facilities development and management.","AHP; Perception; Performance; Satisfaction; Swimming pool","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Real Estate Management","","",""
"uuid:8d5faebb-efae-4d59-a482-55b6167d9160","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8d5faebb-efae-4d59-a482-55b6167d9160","Multisensory Interactions in Head and Body Centered Perception of Verticality","de Winkel, K.N. (TU Delft Intelligent Vehicles); Edel, Ellen (Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics); Happee, R. (TU Delft Intelligent Vehicles); Bülthoff, Heinrich H. (Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics)","","2021","Percepts of verticality are thought to be constructed as a weighted average of multisensory inputs, but the observed weights differ considerably between studies. In the present study, we evaluate whether this can be explained by differences in how visual, somatosensory and proprioceptive cues contribute to representations of the Head In Space (HIS) and Body In Space (BIS). Participants (10) were standing on a force plate on top of a motion platform while wearing a visualization device that allowed us to artificially tilt their visual surroundings. They were presented with (in)congruent combinations of visual, platform, and head tilt, and performed Rod & Frame Test (RFT) and Subjective Postural Vertical (SPV) tasks. We also recorded postural responses to evaluate the relation between perception and balance. The perception data shows that body tilt, head tilt, and visual tilt affect the HIS and BIS in both experimental tasks. For the RFT task, visual tilt induced considerable biases (≈ 10° for 36° visual tilt) in the direction of the vertical expressed in the visual scene; for the SPV task, participants also adjusted platform tilt to correct for illusory body tilt induced by the visual stimuli, but effects were much smaller (≈ 0.25°). Likewise, postural data from the SPV task indicate participants slightly shifted their weight to counteract visual tilt (0.3° for 36° visual tilt). The data reveal a striking dissociation of visual effects between the two tasks. We find that the data can be explained well using a model where percepts of the HIS and BIS are constructed from direct signals from head and body sensors, respectively, and indirect signals based on body and head signals but corrected for perceived neck tilt. These findings show that perception of the HIS and BIS derive from the same sensory signals, but see profoundly different weighting factors. We conclude that observations of different weightings between studies likely result from querying of distinct latent constructs referenced to the body or head in space.","somatosensation; proprioception; vision; vertical; rod and frame; postural vertical; multisensory perception and integration","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Intelligent Vehicles","","",""
"uuid:d1917891-e416-42af-9deb-230fe2f003d7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d1917891-e416-42af-9deb-230fe2f003d7","Understanding Perceptions of Cycling Infrastructure Provision and its Role in Cycling Equity","Jahanshahi, Danial (The University of Auckland); Costello, Seósamh B. (The University of Auckland); Dirks, Kim Natasha (The University of Auckland); Chowdhury, Subeh (The University of Auckland); van Wee, G.P. (TU Delft Transport and Logistics)","","2023","Ensuring equity is considered in all types of decision making, including with respect to cycling provision, is important. Studies have investigated equity in relation to provision of cycling infrastructure and facilities. However, identifying other factors that need consideration in cycling equity is important. This study explored the impact of cycling infrastructure provision on individual perceptions of cycling infrastructure in relation to sociodemographic characteristics in Auckland, New Zealand. The results indicated that bicycle lane availability did not significantly influence perceptions of cycling infrastructure; however, ethnicity and whether a person was a regular cyclist did. Among noncyclists and potential cyclists, ethnicity was the only factor found to significantly influence perceptions of cycling infrastructure. Maori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, and Pacific Islanders rated the provision of cycling infrastructure higher than others for the same level of bicycle infrastructure in their community. Whereas Maori had the highest percentage of potential cyclists among all ethnicities, Pacific Islanders had the highest percentage of noncyclists (64.9%), the lowest percentage of potential cyclists, and one of the lowest percentages of regular cyclists. The study showed that cycling provision perceptions were more affected by factors like ethnicity, education, and bicycle user type than objective measures of bicycle infrastructure. Following the capabilities approach of justice, this study suggests that equitable provision of cycling infrastructure may not lead to an equitable cycling environment. To achieve this, interpersonal and intrapersonal indicators such as ethnicity and community-related factors must also be considered to encourage and empower all population groups to cycle.","bicycles; equity (justice); equity in transportation; perception; transportation and society","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-02-26","","","Transport and Logistics","","",""
"uuid:86f4e264-eff8-4b65-9594-0634ca56c837","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:86f4e264-eff8-4b65-9594-0634ca56c837","FeelPen: A Haptic Stylus Displaying Multimodal Texture Feels on Touchscreens","Kodak, B.L. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction); Vardar, Y. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction)","","2023","The ever-emerging mobile market induced a blooming interest in stylus-based interactions. Most state-of-the-art styluses either provide no haptic feedback or only deliver one type of sensation, such as vibration or skin stretch. Improving these devices with display abilities of a palette of tactile feels can pave the way for rendering realistic surface sensations, resulting in more natural virtual experiences. However, integrating necessary actuators and sensors while keeping the compact form factor of a stylus for comfortable user interactions challenges their design. This situation also limits the scientific knowledge of relevant parameters for rendering compelling artificial textures for stylus-based interactions. To address these challenges, we developed FeelPen, a haptic stylus that can display multimodal texture properties (compliance, roughness, friction, and temperature) on touchscreens. We validated the texture rendering capability of our design by conducting system identification and psychophysical experiments. The experimental results confirmed that FeelPen could render a variety of modalities with wide parameter ranges necessary to create perceptually salient texture feels, making it a one-of-a-kind stylus. Our unique design and experimental results pave the way for new perspectives with stylus-based interactions on future touchscreens.","Electrovibration; haptic interface; haptics; perceptual dimensions; tactile perception; texture rendering","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-10-19","","","Human-Robot Interaction","","",""
"uuid:4140665f-7b97-4d7f-86f7-3b46b0a767d7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4140665f-7b97-4d7f-86f7-3b46b0a767d7","Imitrob: Imitation Learning Dataset for Training and Evaluating 6D Object Pose Estimators","Sedlar, Jiri (Czech Technical University); Stepanova, Karla (Czech Technical University); Skoviera, Radoslav (Czech Technical University); Behrens, Jan K. (Czech Technical University); Tuna, Matus (Comenius University); Sejnova, Gabriela (Czech Technical University); Sivic, Josef (Czech Technical University); Babuska, R. (TU Delft Learning & Autonomous Control; Czech Technical University)","","2023","This letter introduces a dataset for training and evaluating methods for 6D pose estimation of hand-held tools in task demonstrations captured by a standard RGB camera. Despite the significant progress of 6D pose estimation methods, their performance is usually limited for heavily occluded objects, which is a common case in imitation learning, where the object is typically partially occluded by the manipulating hand. Currently, there is a lack of datasets that would enable the development of robust 6D pose estimation methods for these conditions. To overcome this problem, we collect a new dataset (Imitrob) aimed at 6D pose estimation in imitation learning and other applications where a human holds a tool and performs a task. The dataset contains image sequences of nine different tools and twelve manipulation tasks with two camera viewpoints, four human subjects, and left/right hand. Each image is accompanied by an accurate ground truth measurement of the 6D object pose obtained by the HTC Vive motion tracking device. The use of the dataset is demonstrated by training and evaluating a recent 6D object pose estimation method (DOPE) in various setups.","6D object pose estimation; computer vision for automation; Learning from demonstration; perception for grasping and manipulation","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-09-20","","","Learning & Autonomous Control","","",""
"uuid:5738a32d-550c-4153-88ad-5c3abc85cd2f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5738a32d-550c-4153-88ad-5c3abc85cd2f","Framing Geothermal Energy in Indonesia: A Media Analysis in A Country with Huge Potential","Trisiah, A. (TU Delft Organisation & Governance; UIN Raden Fatah Palembang); de Vries, G. (TU Delft Organisation & Governance); de Bruijn, J.A. (TU Delft Organisation & Governance)","","2022","Public perceptions of emergent low-carbon technologies, such as geothermal energy, impact the speed of energy transitions. Such perceptions are largely shaped by how the media portray such technologies. This paper reports on how geothermal energy has been framed in two prominent national newspapers in Indonesia, a country with large geothermal potential due to its volcanic geology. We examined articles on geothermal energy written over ten years. Applying a quantitative framing analysis, we investigated the salience of six frames indicated in the literature as often used in communications on geothermal energy: energy security, economy, legislation, environment, knowledge, and social issues. We also examined the tone and source of the frames. The analysis reveals an overall positive tone in the newspaper articles, especially regarding the technology's energy security and economic potential, with the primary source being the national government. Possible adverse effects of geothermal technology are covered less often, particularly those related to social issues at the local level. We describe the different frames identified, provide examples and discuss implications.","Geothermal energy; media; Indonesia; perception; energy transition; frame","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Organisation & Governance","","",""
"uuid:943c61ea-f617-448c-ae49-34e825f4fe2d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:943c61ea-f617-448c-ae49-34e825f4fe2d","Picture-Perfect – The Perception and Applicability of Facsimiles in Museums","Tissen, L.N.M. (TU Delft Team Joris Dik; Universiteit Leiden); van Veldhuizen, Mané (Universiteit van Amsterdam)","","2022","Various types of digital and physical three-dimensional facsimile technologies (e.g., high-definition digital modelling and 3D printing) have entered the art world and have become increasingly important for research and presentation purposes. Yet, studies that go beyond the technical aspects of (3D) facsimile techniques, such as their significance for the conservation/restoration field and museum display, are scarce, especially in the case of easel paintings. Furthermore, studies that analyse the perception of these methods and, consequently, their impact on the authenticity of the original painting, do not exist to our knowledge. The aim of this research is twofold: firstly, it evaluates a viewer’s perception of various facsimiles; secondly, on the basis of this analysis, it aims to gain a better understanding and provide an overview of the applicability of (3D) facsimiles of artworks for presentation purposes and potential users (technical art historians, conservators, curators, material scientists and museum visitors). This research was executed by combining a literature review with quantitative and qualitative analyses of the data acquired through a) a questionnaire of 17 closed and open-ended questions and (b) an on-site session at the Mauritshuis museum (The Hague, The Netherlands). Based on analysis of the data collected through these activities, this paper attempts to provide an indication of the current attitude towards (3D) facsimile methods as well as to present some criteria of using these methods in a museum environment.","3D printing; perception; museums; replica; facsimile; reproduction","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Team Joris Dik","","",""
"uuid:4755a6d5-a21c-4574-81d6-c04115713038","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4755a6d5-a21c-4574-81d6-c04115713038","A minimal model for adaptive SIS epidemics","Achterberg, M.A. (TU Delft Network Architectures and Services); Sensi, M. (TU Delft Network Architectures and Services; University Côte d'Azur)","","2023","The interplay between disease spreading and personal risk perception is of key importance for modelling the spread of infectious diseases. We propose a planar system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to describe the co-evolution of a spreading phenomenon and the average link density in the personal contact network. Contrary to standard epidemic models, we assume that the contact network changes based on the current prevalence of the disease in the population, i.e. the network adapts to the current state of the epidemic. We assume that personal risk perception is described using two functional responses: one for link-breaking and one for link-creation. The focus is on applying the model to epidemics, but we also highlight other possible fields of application. We derive an explicit form for the basic reproduction number and guarantee the existence of at least one endemic equilibrium, for all possible functional responses. Moreover, we show that for all functional responses, limit cycles do not exist. This means that our minimal model is not able to reproduce consequent waves of an epidemic, and more complex disease or behavioural dynamics are required to reproduce epidemic waves.","Adaptive networks; Network epidemiology; Planar system; Risk perception; SIS epidemics","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Network Architectures and Services","","",""
"uuid:d20d0f60-b4f9-4dfd-b585-f70a60c6a00a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d20d0f60-b4f9-4dfd-b585-f70a60c6a00a","Illusory gloss on Lambertian surfaces","Wijntjes, M.W.A. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); Pont, S.C. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design)","","2010","It has recently been shown that an increase of the relief height of a glossy surface positively correlates with the perceived level of gloss (Y.-H. Ho, M. S. Landy, & L. T. Maloney, 2008). In the study presented here we investigated whether this relation could be explained by the finding that glossiness perception correlates with the skewness of the luminance histogram (I. Motoyoshi, S. Nishida, L. Sharan, & E. H. Adelson, 2007). First, we formally derived a general relation between the depth range of a Lambertian surface, the illumination direction and the associated image intensity transformation. From this intensity transformation we could numerically simulate the relation between relief stretch and the skewness statistic. This relation predicts that skewness increases with increasing surface depth. Furthermore, it predicts that the correlation between skewness and illumination can be either positive or negative, depending on the depth range. We experimentally tested whether changes in the depth range and illumination direction alter the appearance. We indeed find a convincingly strong illusory gloss effect on stretched Lambertian surfaces. However, the results could not be fully explained by the skewness hypothesis. We reinterpreted our results in the context of the bas-relief ambiguity (P. N. Belhumeur, D. J. Kriegman, & L. Yuille, 1999) and show that this model qualitatively predicts illusory highlights on locations that differ from actual specular highlight locations with increasing illumination direction.","3D surface and shape perception; Ecological optics; Shading","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human Information Communication Design","","",""
"uuid:affc1a56-0640-4440-9374-15d4fa9dfb85","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:affc1a56-0640-4440-9374-15d4fa9dfb85","Auditory localisation of conventional and electric cars: Laboratory results and implications for cycling safety","Stelling-Konczak, A. (TU Delft Transport and Planning; SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research); Hagenzieker, Marjan (TU Delft Transport and Planning); Commandeur, Jacques J F (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam); Agterberg, Martijn J H (Cognition and Behaviour); van Wee, G.P. (TU Delft Transport and Logistics)","","2016","When driven at low speeds, cars operating in electric mode have been found to be quieter than conventional cars. As a result, the auditory cues which pedestrians and cyclists use to assess the presence, proximity and location oncoming traffic may be reduced, posing a safety hazard. This laboratory study examined auditory localisation of conventional and electric cars including vehicle motion paths relevant for cycling activity. Participants (N = 65) in three age groups (16–18, 30–40 and 65–70 year old) indicated the location and movement direction (approaching versus receding) of cars driven at 15, 30 and 50 km/h in two ambient sound conditions (low and moderate). Results show that low speeds, higher ambient sound level and older age were associated with worse performance on the location and motion direction tasks. In addition, participants were less accurate at determining the location of electric and conventional car sounds emanating from directly behind the participant. Implications for cycling safety and proposals for adding extra artificial noise or warning sounds to quiet (electric) cars are discussed.","Auditory perception; Cycling safety; Cyclists; Electric vehicles; Traffic safety; Vehicle localisation","en","journal article","","","","","","","","2019-08-06","","","Transport and Planning","","",""
"uuid:bd0aa939-8dee-4055-a628-397d4795663e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bd0aa939-8dee-4055-a628-397d4795663e","Perception of naturalness in textiles","Overvliet, KE (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam); Karana, E. (TU Delft Emerging Materials); Soto-Faraco, S (Pompeu Fabra University)","","2016","In many daily contexts, we prefer natural ‘materials’ over un-natural ones. Textiles embodied in garments that are worn on the body all day, or in bed sheets slept under every night touch us literally, on a daily basis. Hence among all other materials, ‘naturalness perception’ has a strong impact on the preference for textile products. Nevertheless, a stark gap can be found in literature articulating when people appraise textiles as natural. Grounding on previously conducted studies on textile perception, we present an empirical study in which we determined three main aspects which might influence the perception of naturalness in textiles: (1) fiber origin, what it is actually made of (natural vs. artificial, or mixed), (2) yarn type (fine vs. thick yarn), (3) exploration mode, i.e. how people interact with textiles (e.g. touch only, vision only, both). The results show that pure wool and pure cotton textiles are perceived most natural. While mixing wool and cotton with polypropylene destroys the perception of naturalness, mixing in acrylic does not. Moreover, a thick yarn is perceived as most natural. No differences were found for exploration modality. We discuss our results in the light of design in textiles.","Naturalness; Human; Perception; Textiles; Vision; Touch; Multisensory","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Emerging Materials","","",""
"uuid:66ab9d48-5ea8-4680-ac02-3cbc55f522fe","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:66ab9d48-5ea8-4680-ac02-3cbc55f522fe","Learning space preferences of higher education students","Beckers, R. (University of Twente; HAN University of Applied Sciences); van der Voordt, Theo (TU Delft Real Estate Management); Dewulf, G (University of Twente)","","2016","This paper aims to address higher education students' learning space preferences. The study is based on a survey that involved 697 business management students of a Dutch University of Applied Sciences. The research focuses on preferred learning spaces for individual study activities, which require concentration, and preferred learning spaces for collaborative study activities with peers, which require communication. The results show that students consider their physical learning environment to be relevant and assume that learning spaces contribute to the outcome of their study activities. In contrast to the literature, the findings reveal that learning space preferences of students cannot substantially be attributed to behavioral aspects, such as their individual preference for privacy, interaction, and autonomy, nor to aspects of the physical environment related to the perceived relevance of comfort, aesthetics, ICT facilities, and layout. Student characteristics, such as gender, age, study year, or living situation, have a significant, but limited influence on the learning space preferences of students. Students mainly prefer learning spaces related to their learning activities. Students prefer learning space at home for individual activities. For collaborative study activities with peers, they prefer learning space at the university. Public spaces are not popular for study activities. Overall, students particularly prefer quiet learning spaces with the possibility to retreat as an individual or as a small group. Apparently, learning space preferences are more related to perceived effectiveness rather than to experience value.","Environmental psychology; Higher education; Learning environments; Learning spaces; Quantitative research; Student perception","en","journal article","","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","2018-05-13","","","Real Estate Management","","",""
"uuid:1ea59d9b-efa5-4117-8be8-9b733fea9331","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1ea59d9b-efa5-4117-8be8-9b733fea9331","Learning to use a body-powered prosthesis: changes in functionality and kinematics","Huinnk, L.H.B. (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen); Bouwsema, H. (Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology); Plettenburg, D.H. (TU Delft Biomechatronics & Human-Machine Control); van der Sluis, C.K. (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen); Bongers, R.M. (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen)","","2016","Background: Little is known about action-perception learning processes underlying prosthetic skills in body-powered prosthesis users. Body-powered prostheses are controlled through a harness connected by a cable that might provide for limited proprioceptive feedback. This study aims to test transfer of training basic tasks to functional tasks and to describe the changes over time in kinematics of basic tasks of novice body-powered prosthesis users. Methods: Thirty able-bodied participants and 17 controls participated in the study, using a body-powered prosthetic simulator. Participants in the training group were divided over four groups and practiced during a 2-week-period either direct grasping, indirect grasping, fixation, or a combination of these tasks. Deformable objects with different compliances had to be manipulated while kinematic variables and grip force control were assessed. Functional performance was measured with the Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure (SHAP) prior to and after the training sessions, and after 2 weeks and 3 months retention. The control group only performed the SHAP tests. Results: All four training groups and the control group improved on the SHAP, also after a period of non-use. Type of training had a small but significant influence on the improvements of the SHAP score. On a kinematic level movement times decreased and hook closing velocities increased over time. The indirect grasping group showed significantly shorter plateau times than the other training groups. Grip force control only improved a little over training. Conclusions: Training action-perception couplings of body-powered prosthesis in basic tasks transferred to functional tasks and this lasted after a period of non-use. During training movement times decreased and the indirect grasping group showed advantages. It is advisable to start body-powered training with indirect grasping tasks but also to practice hook-object orientations.","Action-perception; Amputee; Body-powered prosthetic hook; Functional performance; Grip force control; Kinematics; Proprioceptive feedback; Prosthetic training; Upper-limb prosthesis","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Biomechatronics & Human-Machine Control","","",""
"uuid:0a1cb919-ef16-4a3e-bdf8-2755c2d13a05","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0a1cb919-ef16-4a3e-bdf8-2755c2d13a05","Navigating abstract virtual environment: an eeg study","Mahdizadeh Hakak, A. (TU Delft Digital Architecture); Bhattacharya, J (Goldsmiths University of London); Biloria, N.M. (TU Delft Digital Architecture); de Kleijn, R. (Universiteit Leiden); Shah-Mohammadi, F. (Azad Islamic University)","","2016","Perceptions of different environments are different for different people. An abstract designed environment, with a degree of freedom from any visual reference in the physical world requests a completely different perception than a fully or semi-designed environment that has some correlation with the physical world. Maximal evidence on the manner in which the human brain is involved/operates in dealing with such novel perception comes from neuropsychology. Harnessing the tools and techniques involved in the domain of neuropsychology, the paper presents nee evidence on the role of pre-central gyrus in the perception of abstract spatial environments. In order to do so, the research team developed three different categories of designed environment with different characteristics: (1) Abstract environment, (2) Semi-designed environment, (3) Fully designed environment, as experimental sample environments. Perception of Fully-designed and semi-designed environments is almost the same, [maybe] since the brain can find a correlation between designed environments and already experienced physical world. In addition to this, the response to questionnaires accompanied with a list of buzzwords that have been provided after the experiments, also describe the characteristics of the chosen sample environments. Additionally, these results confirm the suitability of continuous electroencephalography (EEG) for studying Perception from the perspective of architectural environments.","Abstract environments; EEG; Fully designed; Perception; Semi-designed","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Digital Architecture","","",""
"uuid:54225fd1-9357-4b9d-9b6f-6a7c9db120e5","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:54225fd1-9357-4b9d-9b6f-6a7c9db120e5","Measuring drivers’ visual information needs during braking: A simulator study using a screen-occlusion method","Saffarian, M (University of Toronto); de Winter, J.C.F. (TU Delft OLD Intelligent Vehicles & Cognitive Robotics); Senders, J.W. (University of Toronto)","","2015","It is commonly accepted that vision plays an important role in car braking, but it is unknown how people brake in the absence of visual information. In this simulator study, we measured drivers’ braking behaviour while they had to stop their car at designated positions on the road. The access to visual information was manipulated by occluding the screen at the start of half of the braking trials, while the temporal demand was manipulated by varying the time-to-arrival (TTA). Results showed that for the longer TTA values (⩾6 s), participants in the occlusion condition stopped too early and at variable positions on the road as compared to the control condition. In the occlusion condition, participants were likely to apply an intermediate brake pedal depression, whereas in the control condition participants more often applied low or high pedal depressions. The results are interpreted in light of a distance estimation test, in which we found that participants underestimated the actual distance by 70%.","Driving simulator; Screen blanking; Vehicle deceleration; Braking control; Driver behaviour; Distance perception","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2016-01-20","","","OLD Intelligent Vehicles & Cognitive Robotics","","",""
"uuid:76c76a81-8684-46ae-9bf1-12d68ecf3792","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:76c76a81-8684-46ae-9bf1-12d68ecf3792","MatMix 1.0: Using optical mixing to probe visual material perception","Zhang, F. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); de Ridder, H. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); Fleming, Ronald W. (Justus Liebig University Giessen); Pont, S.C. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design)","","2016","MatMix 1.0 is a novel material probe we developed for quantitatively measuring visual perception of materials. We implemented optical mixing of four canonical scattering modes, represented by photographs, as the basis of the probe. In order to account for a wide range of materials, velvety and glittery (asperity and mesofacet scattering) were included besides the common matte and glossy modes (diffuse and forward scattering). To test the probe, we conducted matching experiments in which inexperienced observers were instructed to adjust the modes of the probe to match its material to that of a test stimulus. Observers were well able to handle the probe and match the perceived materials. Results were robust across individuals, across combinations of materials, and across lighting conditions. We conclude that the approach via canonical scattering modes and optical mixing works well, although the image basis of our probe still needs to be optimized. We argue that the approach is intuitive, since it combines key image characteristics in a ''painterly'' approach. We discuss these characteristics and how we will optimize their representations.","BRDF; Mat-Mix 1.0; Material perception; Material probe; Reflectance","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human Information Communication Design","","",""
"uuid:0973f353-22ca-4cd7-9649-28f2ca368be5","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0973f353-22ca-4cd7-9649-28f2ca368be5","Willingness to pay for safety improvements in passenger air travel","Molin, E.J.E. (TU Delft Transport and Logistics); Blangé, J.; Cats, O. (TU Delft Transport and Planning); Chorus, C.G. (TU Delft Transport and Logistics)","","2017","The risk of being involved in an airplane accident is largely ignored in air passengers’ choice models. The reason presumably is that it is hard to operationalize, because objective safety indicators often involve extremely low probabilities that are hard to grasp and interpret by passengers. In this paper, we propose an operationalization that is based on the perception of safety, which is easy to understand and resonates that perceptions often influence decisions stronger than objective variables. We conceptualize that passengers form a safety perception score of a particular flight based on their perception of airline and route attributes and that this score in turn is traded-off against other flight attributes, such as ticket costs, to arrive at a flight choice. In line with this conceptualization, two stated preference experiments are conducted. In a first experiment, combinations of airline and route attributes are evaluated in terms of safety that is captured on a rating scale. In a second experiment, safety perception is treated as an attribute and traded-off against other flight attributes to arrive at a flight choice. The paper presents the results of a regression and a Panel Mixed Logit model estimated from responses obtained from a convenience sample of 161 air passengers recruited in the Netherlands. The results of both models are then combined to calculate the willingness to pay values for improvements made to a range of airline and route attributes, taking into account socio-demographic variables and psychological traits. As expected, the results indicate that the willingness to pay for improving safety decreases with higher initial safety levels.","Flight choice; Hierarchical information integration; Mixed Logit model; Safety perception; Stated choice experiments; Willingness to pay","en","journal article","","","","","","","","2019-04-14","","","Transport and Logistics","","",""
"uuid:6449f697-aee7-4152-aa74-6841e1b0cd97","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6449f697-aee7-4152-aa74-6841e1b0cd97","Mobile phone conversations, listening to music and quiet (electric) cars: Are traffic sounds important for safe cycling?","Stelling-Konczak, A. (TU Delft Transport and Planning; SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research); van Wee, G.P. (TU Delft Transport and Logistics); Commandeur, JJF (SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam); Hagenzieker, Marjan (TU Delft Transport and Planning; SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research)","","2017","Listening to music or talking on the phone while cycling as well as the growing number of quiet (electric) cars on the road can make the use of auditory cues challenging for cyclists. The present study examined to what extent and in which traffic situations traffic sounds are important for safe cycling. Furthermore, the study investigated the potential safety implications of limited auditory information caused by quiet (electric) cars and by cyclists listening to music or talking on the phone. An Internet survey among 2249 cyclists in three age groups (16–18, 30–40 and 65–70 year old) was carried out to collect information on the following aspects: 1) the auditory perception of traffic sounds, including the sounds of quiet (electric) cars; 2) the possible compensatory behaviours of cyclists who listen to music or talk on their mobile phones; 3) the possible contribution of listening to music and talking on the phone to cycling crashes and incidents. Age differences with respect to those three aspects were analysed. Results show that listening to music and talking on the phone negatively affects perception of sounds crucial for safe cycling. However, taking into account the influence of confounding variables, no relationship was found between the frequency of listening to music or talking on the phone and the frequency of incidents among teenage cyclists. This may be due to cyclists’ compensating for the use of portable devices. Listening to music or talking on the phone whilst cycling may still pose a risk in the absence of compensatory behaviour or in a traffic environment with less extensive and less safe cycling infrastructure than the Dutch setting. With the increasing number of quiet (electric) cars on the road, cyclists in the future may also need to compensate for the limited auditory input of these cars.","Auditory perception; Cycling safety; Electric vehicles; Mobile phone; Music","en","journal article","","","","","","","","2020-05-25","","","Transport and Planning","","",""
"uuid:e4e34e09-fb72-46c3-a460-8efebf880e63","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e4e34e09-fb72-46c3-a460-8efebf880e63","Ways of Viewing Pictorial Plasticity","Wijntjes, M.W.A. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design)","","2017","The plastic effect is historically used to denote various forms of stereopsis. The vivid impression of depth often associated with binocular stereopsis can also be achieved in other ways, for example, using a synopter. Accounts of this go back over a hundred years. These ways of viewing all aim to diminish sensorial evidence that the picture is physically flat. Although various viewing modes have been proposed in the literature, their effects have never been compared. In the current study, we compared three viewing modes: monocular blur, synoptic viewing, and free viewing (using a placebo synopter). By designing a physical embodiment that was indistinguishable for the three experimental conditions, we kept observers naive with respect to the differences between them; 197 observers participated in an experiment where the three viewing modes were compared by performing a rating task. Results indicate that synoptic viewing causes the largest plastic effect. Monocular blur scores lower than synoptic viewing but is still rated significantly higher than the baseline conditions. The results strengthen the idea that synoptic viewing is not due to a placebo effect. Furthermore, monocular blur has been verified for the first time as a way of experiencing the plastic effect, although the effect is smaller than synoptic viewing. We discuss the results with respect to the theoretical basis for the plastic effect. We show that current theories are not described with sufficient details to explain the differences we found.","Depth perception; Pictorial space; Plastic effect; Stereopsis; Synopter; Three-dimensional vision","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human Information Communication Design","","",""
"uuid:69642b42-8479-4bd6-b54b-ff6cb0810628","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:69642b42-8479-4bd6-b54b-ff6cb0810628","Finger pad friction and tactile perception of laser treated, stamped and cold rolled micro-structured stainless steel sheet surfaces","Zhang, S. (Tsinghua University; University of Twente); Zeng, X. (Chinese Academy of Sciences); Matthews, D. T A (University of Twente; Tata Steel); Igartua, A. (IK4-Tekniker); Rodriguez-Vidal, E. (IK4-Tekniker); Contreras Fortes, J. (Acerinox Europa SAU); van der Heide, E. (TU Delft Railway Engineering; University of Twente)","","2017","Tactile perception is a complex system, which depends on frictional interactions between skin and counter-body. The contact mechanics of tactile friction is governed by many factors such as the state and properties of skin and counter-body. In order to discover the connection between perception and tactile friction on textured stainless steel sheets, both perception experiments (subjective) and tactile friction measurements (objective) were performed in this research. The perception experiments were carried out by using a panel test method to identify the perceived roughness, perceived stickiness and comfort level from the participants. For the friction experiments, tactile friction was measured by a multi-axis force/torque transducer in vivo. The perceived stickiness was illustrated as an effective subjective stimulus, which has a negative correlation to the comfort perception. No significant evidence was revealed to the connection between the perceived roughness and comfort perception, and this relationship may be influenced by the participants’ individual experience, gender and moisture level of skin. Furthermore, the kinetic tactile friction was concluded as an objective stimulus to the comfort perception with a negative correlation.","biotribology; perception; pleasant touch; tactile friction","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Railway Engineering","","",""
"uuid:7dcbd11c-b796-4832-841f-0f47c5a76765","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7dcbd11c-b796-4832-841f-0f47c5a76765","Analyzing crowdsourced ratings of speech-based take-over requests for automated driving","Bazilinskyy, P. (TU Delft Intelligent Vehicles); de Winter, J.C.F. (TU Delft Biomechatronics & Human-Machine Control)","","2017","Take-over requests in automated driving should fit the urgency of the traffic situation. The robustness of various published research findings on the valuations of speech-based warning messages is unclear. This research aimed to establish how people value speech-based take-over requests as a function of speech rate, background noise, spoken phrase, and speaker's gender and emotional tone. By means of crowdsourcing, 2669 participants from 95 countries listened to a random 10 out of 140 take-over requests, and rated each take-over request on urgency, commandingness, pleasantness, and ease of understanding. Our results replicate several published findings, in particular that an increase in speech rate results in a monotonic increase of perceived urgency. The female voice was easier to understand than a male voice when there was a high level of background noise, a finding that contradicts the literature. Moreover, a take-over request spoken with Indian accent was found to be easier to understand by participants from India than by participants from other countries. Our results replicate effects in the literature regarding speech-based warnings, and shed new light on effects of background noise, gender, and nationality. The results may have implications for the selection of appropriate take-over requests in automated driving. Additionally, our study demonstrates the promise of crowdsourcing for testing human factors and ergonomics theories with large sample sizes.","Auditory displays; Autonomous driving; Human-automation interaction; Speech perception","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2017-12-22","","","Intelligent Vehicles","","",""
"uuid:ad59e41a-5e62-4213-bdf4-7cc0cbbadb21","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ad59e41a-5e62-4213-bdf4-7cc0cbbadb21","Contextual effects on real bicolored glossy surfaces","Hansmann-Roth, S. (Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs; ENS-PSL Research University & CNRS; Université Paris Descartes; CNRS); Pont, S.C. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); Mamassian, Pascal (Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs; ENS-PSL Research University & CNRS)","","2017","The material property of glossiness, which is attributed to many objects in our daily life, is physically independent of the objects' color. However, perceived glossiness can change with the contrast between the highlight and the area around the specular highlight. Hitherto, experiments mainly investigated gloss on unicolored surfaces. It is well known that the context in which a surface is embedded can influence its perceived lightness. Here we investigated whether similar contextual effects exist also for gloss perception by presenting single surfaces containing two different colors. We tested the influence of the second color on participants' gloss judgments with both real surfaces and photographs of those surfaces. In both conditions, participants were influenced by the second color on the surface even though they were asked to ignore it. We found contrasting contextual effects on the bicolored surfaces. However, when explicitly asked to rate the global gloss on the bicolored surfaces, participants took both parts of the surface equally into account.","Bicolored surfaces; Gloss perception; Material perception; Real objects; Specular highlights","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human Information Communication Design","","",""
"uuid:4868ff50-468d-4397-8ee8-8e8029e99d3f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4868ff50-468d-4397-8ee8-8e8029e99d3f","Design, control, and visual navigation of the DelftaCopter VTOL tail-sitter UAV","de Wagter, C. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); Ruisink, Rick (TU Delft Control & Simulation); Smeur, E.J.J. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); van Hecke, K.G. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); van Tienen, F. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); van der Horst, E. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); Remes, B.D.W. (TU Delft Control & Simulation)","","2018","To participate in the Outback Medical Express UAV Challenge 2016, a vehicle was designed and tested that can autonomously hover precisely, takeoff and land vertically, fly fast forward efficiently, and use computer vision to locate a person and a suitable landing location. The vehicle is a novel hybrid tail‐sitter combining a delta‐shaped biplane fixed‐wing and a conventional helicopter rotor. The rotor and wing are mounted perpendicularly to each other,and the entire vehicle pitches down to transition from hover to fast forward flight where the rotor serves as propulsion. To deliver sufficient thrust in hover while still being efficient in fast forward flight, a custom rotor system was designed. The theoretical design was validated with energy measurements, wind tunnel tests, and application in real‐world missions. A rotor‐head and corresponding control algorithm were developed to allow transitioning flight with the nonconventional rotor dynamics that are caused by the fuselage rotor interaction. Dedicated electronics were designed that meet vehicle needs and comply with regulations to allow safe flight beyond visual line of sight. Vision‐based search and guidance algorithms running on a stereo‐vision fish‐eye camera were developed and tested to locate a person in cluttered terrain never seen before. Flight tests and a competition participation illustrate the applicability of the DelftaCopter concept.","aerial robotics; control; emergency response; perception; sensors","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Control & Simulation","","",""
"uuid:4966f996-288f-4cee-b98c-9355251577a3","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4966f996-288f-4cee-b98c-9355251577a3","A study in real traffic examining glance behaviour of teenage cyclists when listening to music: Results and ethical considerations","Stelling-Konczak, A. (TU Delft Transport and Planning; SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research); Vlakveld, W. P. (SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research); van Gent, P. (TU Delft Transport and Planning; SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research); Commandeur, J. J.F. (SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam); van Wee, G.P. (TU Delft Transport and Logistics); Hagenzieker, Marjan (TU Delft Transport and Planning; SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research)","","2018","Listening to music while cycling impairs cyclists’ auditory perception and may decrease their awareness of approaching vehicles. If the impaired auditory perception is not compensated by the cyclist himself or other road users involved, crashes may occur. The first aim of this study was to investigate in real traffic whether teenage cyclists (aged 16–18) compensate for listening to music by increasing their visual performance. Research in real traffic may pose a risk for participants. Although no standard ethical codes exist for road safety research, we took a number of ethical considerations into account to protect participants. Our second aim was to present this study as a case study demonstrating ethical dilemmas related to performing research in real traffic. The third aim was to examine to what extent the applied experimental set-up is suitable to examine bicyclists’ visual behaviour in situations crucial for their safety. Semi-naturalistic data was gathered. Participants’ eye movements were recorded by a head-mounted eye-tracker during two of their regular trips in urban environments. During one of the trips, cyclists were listening to music (music condition); during the other trip they were ‘just’ cycling (the baseline condition). As for cyclists’ visual behaviour, overall results show that it was not affected by listening to music. Descriptive statistics showed that 21–36% of participants increased their visual performance in the music condition, while 43–64% decreased their visual performance while listening to music. Due to ethical considerations, the study was therefore terminated after fourteen cyclists had participated. Potential implications of these results for cycling safety and cycling safety research are discussed. The methodology used in this study did not allow us to investigate cyclists’ behaviour in demanding traffic environment. However, for now, no other research method seems suitable to address this research gap.","Auditory perception; Cycling safety; Music; Research ethics; Visual attention; Visual performance","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2018-09-14","","","Transport and Planning","","",""
"uuid:e6aac430-9d20-43ed-bae5-d60b43fa1000","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e6aac430-9d20-43ed-bae5-d60b43fa1000","Revisiting public debate on Genetic Modification and Genetically Modified Organisms. Explanations for contemporary Dutch public attitudes","Hanssen, Lucien (Deining Societal Communication); Dijkstra, Anne M. (University of Twente); Sleenhoff, S. (TU Delft Beheer Grootschalige (EU) Projecten); Frewer, Lynn J. (Newcastle University); Gutteling, Jan M. (University of Twente)","","2018","Genetic Modification (GM) has been a topic of public debates during the 1990s and 2000s. In this paper we explore the relative importance of two hypothesized explanations for these controversies: (i) people's general attitude toward science and technology and (ii) their trust in governance, in GM actors, and in GM regulations, in explaining the Dutch public's Attitude toward GM applications, and in addition to that, the public's GM Information seeking behaviour. This will be conducted through the application of representative survey methodology. The results indicate that Attitudes toward GM applications are best predicted by both the attitude toward science and technology and three trust measures. GM information seeking is predicted by gender and educational level, as well as attitude toward science and technology, trust in organisations and trust in regulations (negative). Overall, psychological variables seem better predictors than demographics. Implications for future research on information seeking behaviour are discussed.","Public perception of science and technology; Risk communication; science communication; theory and models","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Beheer Grootschalige (EU) Projecten","","",""
"uuid:f9970790-52b5-4164-8a82-5f260d5d663f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f9970790-52b5-4164-8a82-5f260d5d663f","Objective quantification of perceived differences between measured and synthesized aircraft sounds","Sahai, A.K. (TU Delft Aircraft Noise and Climate Effects); Snellen, M. (TU Delft Aircraft Noise and Climate Effects); Simons, D.G. (TU Delft Aircraft Noise and Climate Effects)","","2018","This paper presents an approach with which perceived audible differences in aircraft sounds can be quantified and presented in an objective manner. The objective quantification of the subjectively heard audible differences is intended to serve two primary goals. It can firstly enable developers of auralization technology to make the auralized sounds more realistic by identifying in which aspects the synthesized sounds differ from their real-life counterparts and to what extent. The quantification can secondly provide an improved and more detailed means of distinguishing between aircraft sounds in general, beyond the conventional metrics of A-weighted Sound Pressure level (dBA) or Effective Perceived Noise Level (EPNL) used currently to assess aircraft noise. In this study sound quality metrics are used to quantify the differences in aircraft sounds. These metrics are widely used in other industries such as the automotive sector. Audio files of a reference aircraft, made over identical flight paths at a noise monitoring station in the vicinity of Schiphol airport, are compared in terms of both conventional and sound quality metrics for four measured and four auralized audio files. It is observed from the comparison that differences that may appear small in the conventional metrics can be significant in terms of the sound quality metrics. Significant differences in measured and synthesized sounds are observed for the aircraft considered in this study with regards to the tonal content and fluctuations in amplitude that occur over time. The conventional metrics are seen to capture the overall loudness aspect of aircraft sounds, but give no clear information regarding which spectral or temporal characteristics cause the sounds to be perceived as audibly different.","Aircraft noise auralization; Aircraft noise synthesis; Aircraft sound quality; aircraft noise annoyance; Acoustic perception-influenced design","en","journal article","","","","","","","","2020-01-01","","","Aircraft Noise and Climate Effects","","",""
"uuid:537bdc24-9b7c-49f8-996a-2616d79d1340","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:537bdc24-9b7c-49f8-996a-2616d79d1340","Manual control cybernetics: State-of-the-art and current trends","Mulder, Max (TU Delft Control & Operations); Pool, D.M. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); Abbink, D.A. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction); Boer, E.R. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction); Zaal, P.M.T. (TU Delft Control & Simulation; San José State University); Drop, F.M. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); van der El, Kasper (TU Delft Control & Simulation); van Paassen, M.M. (TU Delft Control & Simulation)","","2017","Manual control cybernetics aims to understand and describe how humans control vehicles and devices using mathematical models of human control dynamics. This “cybernetic approach” enables objective and quantitative comparisons of human behavior, and allows a systematic optimization of human control interfaces and training associated with manual control. Current cybernetics theory is primarily based on technology and analysis methods formalized in the 1960s and has shown to be limited in its capability to capture the full breadth of human cognition and control. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art in our knowledge of human manual control, points out the main fundamental limitations in cybernetics, and proposes a possible roadmap to advance the theory and its applications. Central in this roadmap will be a shift from the current linear time-invariant modeling approach that is only truly valid for human behavior under tightly controlled and stationary conditions, to methods that facilitate the analysis of adaptive, and possibly time-varying, human behavior in realistic control tasks. Examples of key current developments in the field of cybernetics—human use of preview, predictable discrete maneuvering, skill acquisition and training, time-varying human modeling, and neuromuscular system modeling—that contribute to this shift are presented in this paper. The new foundations for cybernetics that will emerge from these efforts will impact all domains that involve humans in manual and semiautomatic control.","Adaptation models; Control systems; Cybernetics; dynamic behavior; Human factors; man–machine systems; manual control; modeling; Organizations; Visual perception","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","Control & Operations","Control & Simulation","","",""
"uuid:ce478601-d954-442f-be07-ca7cfd79205b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ce478601-d954-442f-be07-ca7cfd79205b","Continuous Subjective Rating of Perceived Motion Incongruence During Driving Simulation","Cleij, D. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); Venrooij, J. (TU Delft Control & Simulation; Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics); Pretto, Paolo (Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics); Pool, D.M. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); Mulder, Max (TU Delft Control & Operations; TU Delft Control & Simulation); Bulthoff, Heinrich H. (Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics)","","2018","Motion cueing algorithms are used in motion simulation to map the inertial vehicle motion onto the limited simulator motion space. This mapping causes mismatches between the unrestricted visual motion and the constrained inertial motion, which results in perceived motion incongruence (PMI). It is still largely unknown what exactly causes visual and inertial motion in a simulator to be perceived as incongruent. Current methods for measuring motion incongruence during motion simulation result in time-invariant measures of the overall incongruence, which makes it difficult to determine the relevance of the individual and short-duration mismatches between visual and inertial motion cues. In this paper, a novel method is presented to subjectively measure the time-varying PMI continuously throughout a simulation. The method is analyzed for reliability and validity of its measurements, as well as for its applicability in relating physical short-duration cueing errors to PMI. The analysis shows that the method is reliable and that the results can be used to obtain a deeper insight into the formation of motion incongruence during driving simulation.","Cueing; human factors; perception; simulation; simulator validation; virtual reality","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","Control & Operations","Control & Simulation","","",""
"uuid:95faf0f1-245f-4b1e-9cd1-016d70c54226","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:95faf0f1-245f-4b1e-9cd1-016d70c54226","Expertise effects in cutaneous wind perception","Pluijms, Joost P. (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam); Cañal-Bruland, Rouwen (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam); Bergmann Tiest, Wouter M. (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam); Mulder, F.A. (TU Delft OLD Computer Aided Design Engineering); Savelsbergh, Geert J.P. (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam)","","2015","We examined whether expertise effects are present in cutaneous wind perception. To this end, we presented wind stimuli consisting of different wind directions and speeds in a wind simulator. The wind simulator generated wind stimuli from 16 directions and with three speeds by means of eight automotive wind fans. Participants were asked to judge cutaneously perceived wind directions and speeds without having access to any visual or auditory information. Expert sailors (n = 6), trained to make the most effective use of wind characteristics, were compared to less-skilled sailors (n = 6) and to a group of nonsailors (n = 6). The results indicated that expert sailors outperformed nonsailors in perceiving wind direction (i.e., smaller mean signed errors) when presented with low wind speeds. This suggests that expert sailors are more sensitive in picking up differences in wind direction, particularly when confronted with low wind speeds that demand higher sensitivity.","Expertise; Perception; Psychophysics; Sailing; Wind","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","OLD Computer Aided Design Engineering","","",""
"uuid:34dbca15-ac5e-444a-9dd9-47d635037ce8","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:34dbca15-ac5e-444a-9dd9-47d635037ce8","A study of trust and cooperation in the Nzoia river basin using a water policy game","Onencan, A.M. (TU Delft Policy Analysis); Enserink, B. (TU Delft Policy Analysis); van de Walle, B.A. (TU Delft Multi Actor Systems)","","2018","Nzoia river basin county governments barely cooperate in water resources management to jointly increase the basin's food and energy productivity levels, due to limited trust. In this paper, we propose a game-based approach that can be replicated in any river basin, to assess trust and collaboration processes. In particular, we used the pre-game, in-game, and post-game assessment results to assess the relationship between Cooperation and Competition; Trust and Trustworthiness; Trust and Distrust; and (Dis) trust, Complexity, and Uncertainty. The initial assessment of respondents' propensity to trust (PTS) was divided into two variables (trust and trustworthiness) while adopting the unidimensional view of trust and distrust. We later examined whether we could separate the two constructs using a multidimensional scaling (MDS) technique known as the ALSCAL procedure. There are potentially significant results. Namely, that: trustworthiness and trust are not complementary; both cooperation and competition coexisted and increased throughout the game; more profound complexity and uncertainty led to an increment in trust, and reduced complexity and uncertainty led to a decrease in distrust. Based on the results and discussions, we provide recommendations for further research on trust, trustworthiness, and distrust in the river basin management context.","Competition; Complexity; Deep uncertainty; Distrust; Nzoia river basin; Risk perception; Trust; Trustworthiness; Water cooperation; Water policy gaming","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","Multi Actor Systems","Policy Analysis","","",""
"uuid:d2b69bd1-c898-4385-9f23-337b84155ca1","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d2b69bd1-c898-4385-9f23-337b84155ca1","Framework for human haptic perception with delayed force feedback","Fu, W. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); van Paassen, M.M. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); Abbink, D.A. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction); Mulder, Max (TU Delft Control & Operations; TU Delft Control & Simulation)","","2019","Time delays in haptic teleoperation affect the ability of human operators to assess mechanical properties (damping, mass, and stiffness) of the remote environment. To address this, we propose a unified framework for human haptic perception of the mechanical properties of environments with delayed force feedback. In a first experiment, we found that the delay in the force feedback led our subjects to underestimate all the three mechanical properties. Moreover, subjects perceived additional damping or stiffness properties that the environment did not possess. It was found that the extents of these changes in the perception depend on both time-delay magnitude and the frequency of the movement with which subjects interacted with the environment. This was due to the fact that subjects were not able to distinguish the delay-caused phase shift in the movement-force relation from changes in the three mechanical properties. Based on this, we proposed a framework that allowed for a prediction of the change associated with delayed force in perception of mass-spring-damper environments. The framework was corroborated by a second experiment, in which a combined mass-damper environment was tested. Our hypotheses that the delay would cause subjects to underestimate the mass but overestimate the damping and that the extents of the under- A nd overestimation would differ between individual subjects due to the difference in the interaction frequency were confirmed.","Delays; Force; Force feedback; Haptic perception; haptics; Manipulators; mechanical properties; Springs; Task analysis; teleoperation; time delay","en","journal article","","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","Control & Operations","Control & Simulation","","",""
"uuid:8acac90e-00a4-4c43-8880-f94a30923125","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8acac90e-00a4-4c43-8880-f94a30923125","Visual communication of how fabrics feel","Wijntjes, M.W.A. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); Xiao, Bei (American University); Volcic, Robert (New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi)","","2019","Although product photos and movies are abundantly present in online shopping environments, little is known about how much of the real product experience they capture. While previous studies have shown that movies or interactive imagery give users the impression that these communication forms are more effective, there are no studies addressing this issue quantitatively. We used nine different samples of jeans, because in general fabrics represent a large and interesting product category and specifically because jeans can visually be rather similar while haptically be rather different. In the first experiment we let observers match a haptic stimulus to a visual representation and found that movies were more informative about how objects would feel than photos. In a second experiment we wanted to confirm this finding by using a different experimental paradigm that we deemed a better general paradigm for future studies on this topic: correlations of pairwise similarity ratings. However, the beneficial effect of the movies was absent when using this new paradigm. In the third experiment we investigated this issue by letting people visually observe other people in making haptic similarity judgments. Here, we did find a significant correlation between haptic and visual data. Together, the three experiments suggest that there is a small but significant effect of movies over photos (Experiment 1) but at the same time a significant difference between visual representations and visually perceiving products in reality (Experiments 2 and 3). This finding suggests a substantial theoretical potential for decreasing the gap between virtual and real product presentation.","Cross-modal transfer; Fabrics; Haptics; Material perception; Online shopping","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human Information Communication Design","","",""
"uuid:f4b3ff2a-904a-4f80-b8ef-2bc72fa2cc19","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f4b3ff2a-904a-4f80-b8ef-2bc72fa2cc19","SenseLab: a genuine playground for the senses","Bluyssen, P.M. (TU Delft Indoor Environment)","","2017","What is Senselab? The ‘SenseLab’, a playground for the senses, is a laboratory for testing and experiencing single and combinations of indoor environmental conditions.","Semi-lab environment; indoor environmental quality; integrated perception","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Indoor Environment","","",""
"uuid:b170fc9f-63cd-4c85-9602-c1f2d88876de","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b170fc9f-63cd-4c85-9602-c1f2d88876de","The creation of SenseLab: a laboratory for testing and experiencing single and combinations of indoor environmental conditions","Bluyssen, P.M. (TU Delft Indoor Environment); van Zeist, F. (TU Delft Indoor Environment); Kurvers, S.R. (TU Delft Indoor Environment); Tenpierik, M.J. (TU Delft Building Physics); Pont, S.C. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); Wolters, Bart (Engie Services West BV); van Hulst, Luuk (Engie Services West BV); Meertins, Darell (Darrellsoffice BV)","","2017","Research has shown that staying indoors is not good for our health. People spend more and more of their time indoors. Therefore, providing a healthy and comfortable indoor environment is very important. The SenseLab will contribute to the understanding of and coping with the indoor environment. Students, teachers, researchers, but also the general public are able to experience and test different combinations of environmental conditions. The SenseLab is built around the four indoor environmental quality (IEQ) factors (air, thermal, light and acoustical quality), including: the experience room, for integrated perception of IEQ, so studying all factors together. And four test chambers, open to the public, where you can take a sniff of materials, feel heat and cold, see how light influences perception and experience how acoustics can be improved. A genuine playground for your senses.","health and comfort of occupants; Indoor environmental quality; integrated perception","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Indoor Environment","","",""
"uuid:c28c1e40-21d3-4af2-8411-44587d21dac9","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c28c1e40-21d3-4af2-8411-44587d21dac9","The impact of earthquakes on the intention to move: Fight or flight?","Jansen, S.J.T. (TU Delft OLD Support RES); Hoekstra, J.S.C.M. (TU Delft OLD Housing Systems); Boumeester, H.J.F.M. (TU Delft OLD Housing Systems)","","2017","The extraction of natural gas in the north of The Netherlands has led to soil subsidence and the occurrence of earthquakes. Residents worry about the safety of their families and the saleability of their dwelling and might want to move. The goal is to examine whether the earthquakes are related to the intention to move. A survey among residents in the area was carried out in 2015. The results show that the intention to move is influenced by age, education, household size, length of residence and attachment to the region. In addition, there is an effect of experience of earthquakes, which is mediated by psychological distress (anxiety, insecurity and concern). We conclude that the way in which residents handle the earthquake experience determines their intention to move, not the experience in itself. This provides opportunities to prevent out-migration by supporting residents and by providing them psychological care and security regarding the value and saleability of their dwellings.","Coping; Earthquakes; Intention to move; Multinomial logistic regression analysis; Residential satisfaction; Risk perception","en","journal article","","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","2019-10-03","","","OLD Support RES","","",""
"uuid:5776e8a9-f0ca-4724-b251-b92eee99a2e7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5776e8a9-f0ca-4724-b251-b92eee99a2e7","How much time do drivers need to obtain situation awareness? A laboratory-based study of automated driving","Lu, Z. (TU Delft Biomechatronics & Human-Machine Control); Coster, Xander (Student TU Delft); de Winter, J.C.F. (TU Delft Biomechatronics & Human-Machine Control)","","2017","Drivers of automated cars may occasionally need to take back manual control after a period of inattentiveness. At present, it is unknown how long it takes to build up situation awareness of a traffic situation. In this study, 34 participants were presented with animated video clips of traffic situations on a three-lane road, from an egocentric viewpoint on a monitor equipped with eye tracker. Each participant viewed 24 videos of different durations (1, 3, 7, 9, 12, or 20 s). After each video, participants reproduced the end of the video by placing cars in a top-down view, and indicated the relative speeds of the placed cars with respect to the ego-vehicle. Results showed that the longer the video length, the lower the absolute error of the number of placed cars, the lower the total distance error between the placed cars and actual cars, and the lower the geometric difference between the placed cars and the actual cars. These effects appeared to be saturated at video lengths of 7–12 s. The total speed error between placed and actual cars also reduced with video length, but showed no saturation up to 20 s. Glance frequencies to the mirrors decreased with observation time, which is consistent with the notion that participants first estimated the spatial pattern of cars after which they directed their attention to individual cars. In conclusion, observers are able to reproduce the layout of a situation quickly, but the assessment of relative speeds takes 20 s or more.","Eye tracking; Hazard perception; Scene perception; Spatial memory","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2017-06-27","","","Biomechatronics & Human-Machine Control","","",""
"uuid:88889583-92dc-4649-8f39-c283e4707ed6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:88889583-92dc-4649-8f39-c283e4707ed6","A positive Shift in the Public Acceptability of a Low-Carbon Energy Project After Implementation: The Case of a Hydrogen Fuel Station","Huijts, N.M.A. (TU Delft Ethics & Philosophy of Technology); de Vries, G. (TU Delft Organisation & Governance); Molin, E.J.E. (TU Delft Transport and Logistics)","","2019","Public acceptability of low-carbon energy projects is often measured with one-off polls. This implies that opinion-shifts over time are not always taken into consideration by decision makers relying on these polls. Observations have given the impression that public acceptability of energy projects increases after implementation. However, this positive shift over time has not yet been systematically studied and is not yet understood very well. This paper aims to fill this gap. Based on two psychological mechanisms, loss aversion and cognitive dissonance reduction, we hypothesize that specifically people who live in proximity of a risky low-carbon technology—a hydrogen fuel station (HFS) in this case—evaluate this technology as more positive after its implementation than before. We conducted a survey among Dutch citizen living nearby a HFS and indeed found a positive shift in the overall evaluation of HFS after implementation. We also found that the benefits weighed stronger and the risks weaker after the implementation. This shift did not occur for citizens living further away from the HFS. The perceived risks and benefits did not significantly change after implementation, neither for citizens living in proximity, nor for citizens living further away. The societal implications of the findings are discussed.","public acceptability; risk perception; loss aversion; cognitive dissonance reduction; hydrogen","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Ethics & Philosophy of Technology","","",""
"uuid:049cfba8-ca23-4da2-aca0-d169db8e15a5","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:049cfba8-ca23-4da2-aca0-d169db8e15a5","ThermoSurf: Thermal display technology for dynamic and multi-finger interactions","Peters, Luka (Student TU Delft); Serhat, Gokhan (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven); Vardar, Y. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction)","","2023","Thermal feedback has been proven to enhance user experience in human-machine interactions. Yet state-of-the-art thermal technology has focused on the single finger or palm in static contact, overlooking dynamic and multi-finger interactions. The underlying challenges include incompatible designs of conventional interfaces for providing salient thermal stimuli for such interactions and, thereby, a lack of knowledge on human thermal perception for relevant conditions. Here we present the ThermoSurf, a new thermal display technology that can deliver temperature patterns on a large interface suitable for dynamic and multi-finger interactions. We also investigate how user exploration affects the perception of the generated temperature distributions. Twenty-three human participants interacted with the device following three exploration conditions: static-single finger, dynamic-single finger, and static-multi finger. In these experiments, the individuals evaluated 15 temperature differences ranging from -7.5°C to +1.5°C with an initial temperature of 38°C. Our results showed that human sensitivity against thermal stimuli is significantly greater for static-single finger contact compared to the other tested conditions. In addition, this interaction type resulted in higher thermal discrimination thresholds than the ones reported in the literature. Our findings offer new perspectives on providing salient and consistent thermal feedback for future tactile interfaces.","Fingers; Heating systems; human thermal perception; human-machine interaction; Sensitivity; Skin; Temperature distribution; Temperature sensors; Thermal conductivity; thermal display; thermal feedback","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human-Robot Interaction","","",""
"uuid:3076aa5c-cd27-4240-aaf2-d56e5dbd0486","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3076aa5c-cd27-4240-aaf2-d56e5dbd0486","Student and teacher perceptions of the functions of research in the context of a design-oriented STEM module","Vossen, T.E. (TU Delft Science Education and Communication; Universiteit Leiden); Tigelaar, E. H. (Universiteit Leiden); Henze, Ineke (TU Delft Science Education and Communication); de Vries, M.J. (TU Delft Science Education and Communication; TU Delft Ethics & Philosophy of Technology); van Driel, J.A.S. (Universiteit Leiden; University of Melbourne)","","2019","Technological design is a core activity in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education. During the design process, students often employ research activities to enhance the quality of their design decisions and to rise above a mere trial-and-error approach to designing. There are many functions of research within the design process, for example theoretical research, user research, or testing a prototype. In this study, we aimed to examine student and teacher perceptions of the functions of research in the context of a design-oriented STEM module in Dutch secondary education. To do so, we first examined in what ways students and teachers who conducted or respectively taught the STEM module recognized functions of research within design. We also looked at the value students attributed to these functions, and how teachers described their facilitation of the functions of research within design. During the STEM module, students conducted a design project related to an authentic problem in biomedical technology, while using research activities to support their design decisions. Results from student focus groups and teacher interviews showed that they recognized several ways in which research activities contribute to a design process. Students valued the functions of research within design as important for the end product, although some students preferred to skip research and start building their design right away. Some teachers employed strategies to ensure students learned to do research steps, for example by a reverse design exercise. The results from this study raise the question whether all students should apply research activities in the same order during a design process, since different students seem to prefer different ways of designing. A design-oriented STEM module like this one is an appropriate way to start showing students the functions of research within design, however differentiation between different students’ preferences could possibly enhance this learning process.","Design; Functions of research within design; PCK; Perceptions; Research; Secondary education; STEM; Students; Teachers; Value","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Science Education and Communication","","",""
"uuid:94925cc9-6365-4e49-bb3c-554905372779","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:94925cc9-6365-4e49-bb3c-554905372779","A risk-based driver behaviour model","Yuan, Y. (TU Delft Transport and Planning; Technische Universität München); Wang, X. (Queen Mary University of London); Calvert, S.C. (TU Delft Transport and Planning); Happee, R. (TU Delft Intelligent Vehicles); Wang, M. (Technische Universität Dresden)","","2023","Current driver behaviour models (DBMs) are primarily designed for the general driver population under specific scenarios, such as car following or lane changing. Hence DBMs capturing individual behaviour under various scenarios are lacking. This paper presents a novel method to quantify individual perceived driving risk in the longitudinal and lateral directions using risk thresholds capturing the time headway and time to line crossing. These are integrated in a risk-based DBM formulated under a model predictive control (MPC) framework taking into account vehicle dynamics. The DBM assumes drivers to operate as predictive controllers jointly optimising multiple criteria, including driving risk, discomfort, and travel inefficiency. Simulation results in car following and passing a slower vehicle demonstrate that the DBM predicts plausible behaviour under representative driving scenarios, and that the risk thresholds are able to reflect individual driving behaviour. Furthermore, the proposed DBM is verified using empirical driving data collected from a driving simulator, and the results show it is able to accurately generate vehicle longitudinal and lateral control matching individual human drivers. Overall, this model can capture individual risk perception behaviour and can be applied to the design and assessment of intelligent vehicle systems.","driver behaviour model; human factors; path planning; risk perception; vehicle dynamics and control","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Transport and Planning","","",""
"uuid:f35cc3bf-9222-4931-9f70-db92de7c97a6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f35cc3bf-9222-4931-9f70-db92de7c97a6","An Investigation of Occupants' Energy Perceptions in Energy Efficient Retrofitted Residential Buildings: A Review Paper","Maghsoudi Nia, E. (TU Delft Design & Construction Management); Qian, QK (TU Delft Design & Construction Management); Visscher, H.J. (TU Delft Design & Construction Management)","","2022","Buildings are the main sector in energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Retrofitting of existing building has been identified as one of the significant strategies for reducing the impacts of buildings on energy and environment. However, recent studies have shown that low energy buildings mostly do not perform as expected. These differences are related to different factors including the interaction between occupants and building technologies. Thus, most renovation initiatives have not considered occupant behavior equally to the energy efficiency process. Many of the existing studies have been focused on technological improvements rather than behavioral-related parameters. Hence, this study aims to review the literature on the occupants' energy perceptions and their behavioral interventions in energy efficient retrofitted residential buildings. The results of the literature review reveal that household's energy consumption significantly differs according to the various factors including social-economic, cultural, household composition as well as individual attitudes, habits, experiences, and occupant practices. Moreover, the energy consumption in the residential sector is highly dependent on demographic parameters. The demographics factors are classified according to type of family, level of income, age of the occupants, and individuals' educational status. The findings shows that energy perception gap formulates the energy behavior and it is related to the lack of personal interest, accurate information and individuals' awareness about how to consume efficiently. Therefore, it is suggested that the level of occupant's perception on energy, control, or comfort have to be considered during energy efficiency retrofits. The study contributes to understanding of occupants' behaviors which cause energy performance gap and enlighten approaches to encourage more energy efficient behavior.","energy efficiency retrofit; energy perception; energy performance gap; occupant behavior; people intervention; residential buildings","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Design & Construction Management","","",""
"uuid:567509bb-d7fd-4e93-9de5-0fcf125a7638","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:567509bb-d7fd-4e93-9de5-0fcf125a7638","Individual motion perception parameters and motion sickness frequency sensitivity in fore-aft motion","Irmak, T. (TU Delft Intelligent Vehicles); de Winkel, K.N. (TU Delft Intelligent Vehicles); Pool, D.M. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); Bülthoff, Heinrich H. (Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics); Happee, R. (TU Delft Intelligent Vehicles)","","2021","Previous literature suggests a relationship between individual characteristics of motion perception and the peak frequency of motion sickness sensitivity. Here, we used well-established paradigms to relate motion perception and motion sickness on an individual level. We recruited 23 participants to complete a two-part experiment. In the first part, we determined individual velocity storage time constants from perceived rotation in response to Earth Vertical Axis Rotation (EVAR) and subjective vertical time constants from perceived tilt in response to centrifugation. The cross-over frequency for resolution of the gravito-inertial ambiguity was derived from our data using the Multi Sensory Observer Model (MSOM). In the second part of the experiment, we determined individual motion sickness frequency responses. Participants were exposed to 30-minute sinusoidal fore-aft motions at frequencies of 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 Hz, with a peak amplitude of 2 m/s2 in five separate sessions, approximately 1 week apart. Sickness responses were recorded using both the MIsery SCale (MISC) with 30 s intervals, and the Motion Sickness Assessment Questionnaire (MSAQ) at the end of the motion exposure. The average velocity storage and subjective vertical time constants were 17.2 s (STD = 6.8 s) and 9.2 s (STD = 7.17 s). The average cross-over frequency was 0.21 Hz (STD = 0.10 Hz). At the group level, there was no significant effect of frequency on motion sickness. However, considerable individual variability was observed in frequency sensitivities, with some participants being particularly sensitive to the lowest frequencies, whereas others were most sensitive to intermediate or higher frequencies. The frequency of peak sensitivity did not correlate with the velocity storage time constant (r = 0.32, p = 0.26) or the subjective vertical time constant (r = − 0.37, p = 0.29). Our prediction of a significant correlation between cross-over frequency and frequency sensitivity was not confirmed (r = 0.26, p = 0.44). However, we did observe a strong positive correlation between the subjective vertical time constant and general motion sickness sensitivity (r = 0.74, p = 0.0006). We conclude that frequency sensitivity is best considered a property unique to the individual. This has important consequences for existing models of motion sickness, which were fitted to group averaged sensitivities. The correlation between the subjective vertical time constant and motion sickness sensitivity supports the importance of verticality perception during exposure to translational sickness stimuli.","Frequency sensitivity; Modelling; Motion perception; Motion sickness","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Intelligent Vehicles","","",""
"uuid:388d3e43-e0d3-43a4-8e8a-e1fdcee1008e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:388d3e43-e0d3-43a4-8e8a-e1fdcee1008e","Seeing is believing: investigating the influence of transparency on consumers’ product perceptions and attitude","Cheng, Peiyao (Harbin Institute of Technology); Mugge, R. (TU Delft Responsible Marketing and Consumer Behavior; TU Delft Design, Organisation and Strategy)","","2022","Transparency is a design characteristic enabling consumers to see the technical details underneath the product cover to create a unique visual effect. However, involving transparency in product design increases costs; it is thus essential to investigate the effects of transparency to help designers and manufacturers to determine the cost-effect ratio. To address this gap, this study investigates the effects of transparency on consumer attitude and their perceptions of experience and credence attributes (i.e. technological advancement, performance quality, ease of use). Through a controlled experimental design (N = 126), this study compared consumer responses between products with transparent and opaque covers in two product categories. The results revealed that products with transparent covers significantly improve consumers’ perceptions of technological advancement and performance quality, and attitude in comparison to opaque covers. Results also revealed that the effects of transparency differ between consumers depending on their design acumen. The effects of transparency on consumers’ perceptions and attitude are stronger for consumers with high design acumen. The practical implications and theoretical contributions of the study are discussed.","Consumer attitude; design acumen; product design; product perception; transparency","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","Design, Organisation and Strategy","Responsible Marketing and Consumer Behavior","","",""
"uuid:0678b6f9-3e1d-47f7-b6f0-5c34ff3fc5d9","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0678b6f9-3e1d-47f7-b6f0-5c34ff3fc5d9","Megaproject and the city: Theorizing social media discourses across the lifecycle of an infrastructure project","Ninan, Dr Johan (TU Delft Integral Design & Management); Yadav, Rupesh (Samsung Research and Development, Bangalore)","","2023","Managing the perception of project communities is critical to the success of infrastructure megaprojects. This study focuses on the Nagpur metro rail project in India to understand people's experiences and discourses in the pre-construction, construction, and operation phases. We use qualitative content analysis and open coding of the tweets from five years covering the lifecycle of the project to understand the discourses. The study identifies focus areas such as improving customer experience, sustainability, value for money, and embracing the local community. It also highlights the importance of effective communication and raising awareness to address community concerns throughout the lifecycle. The study provides a framework for using social media for community engagement over the megaproject's lifespan. This research can help megaproject management teams plan efficiently and create a positive perception of their projects.","Lifecycle; Megaprojects; City; Project community; Social media; Perception","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Integral Design & Management","","",""
"uuid:a076fb18-6089-4f1d-985a-97daabddef0e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a076fb18-6089-4f1d-985a-97daabddef0e","Public perception of terrorism attacks: A conjoint experiment","Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw (Universiteit Leiden); Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena (Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam); de Vries, G. (TU Delft Organisation & Governance)","","2023","In democratic societies, governments cannot act in isolation from public opinion. This is especially true regarding terrorism, where public perception is the instrument targeted by terrorists to achieve their political goals. Nevertheless, governments must also be able to resist public pressure and preserve individual rights. All this suggests that researching public perception of terrorist attacks is crucial. We make an important contribution in this direction by measuring the importance the public assigns to various attributes of terrorist attacks. Using novel methodology (conjoint experiment) and survey data from the UK and The Netherlands (N = 6,315), we find that people are concerned with attacks by immigrants (in the Netherlands), and by individuals acting as part of a terror cell, and with jihadist motivation. Furthermore, past experience with specific terrorist tactics drive preference to address such attacks more than others. In both countries people strongly focus on the severity of attacks, and under-weigh probabilities. The terror attack in the Netherlands in 2019 provided an opportunity to examine perception right after an actual attack. Also there we have found that people’s concerns are driven by experience with specific attacks. A better understanding of terrorism perception can inform policymakers about the gap between optimal strategies to combat terrorism and the expectations of the public.","conjoint experiment; counterterrorism; public perception; terrorism","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Organisation & Governance","","",""
"uuid:525d2aff-5cd2-4dbc-9481-ba9b2ad78668","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:525d2aff-5cd2-4dbc-9481-ba9b2ad78668","Zooming in on style: Exploring style perception using details of paintings","Zhao, Y. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); Stumpel, J.F.H.J. (Universiteit Utrecht); de Ridder, H. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); Wijntjes, M.W.A. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design)","","2023","Most studies on the perception of style have used whole scenes/entire paintings; in our study, we isolated a single motif (an apple) to reduce or even eliminate the influence of composition, iconography, and other contextual information. In this article, we empirically address two fundamental questions of the existence (Experiment 1) and description (Experiment 2) of style. We chose 48 cut-outs of mostly Western European paintings (15th to 21st century) that showed apples. In Experiment 1, 415 unique participants completed online triplet similarity tasks. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) reached a nonrandom three-dimensional (3D) embedding, showing that participants are able to judge stylistic differences in a systematic way. We also found a strong correlation between creation year and embedding, both a linear correlation with Dimension 2, and a rotational correlation in the first two dimensions. To interpret the embedding further, in Experiment 2, we fitted three color statistics and nine attribute ratings (glossiness, three-dimensionality, convincingness, brush coarseness, etc.) to the 3D perceptual style space. Results showed that Dimension 1 is associated with spatial attributes (Smoothness, Brushstroke coarseness) and Convincingness, Dimension 2 is related to Hue, and Dimension 3 is related to Chroma. The results suggest that texture and color are two important variables for style perception. By isolating the motifs, we could exclude higher levels of information such as composition and context. Interestingly, the results reinforce previous findings using whole scenes, suggesting that style can already be perceived in sometimes very small fragments of paintings.","style perception; multidimensional scaling; art history; property estimation; OA-Fund TU Delft","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human Information Communication Design","","",""
"uuid:835f1e55-6dcb-4e0c-8223-aefe1d26d368","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:835f1e55-6dcb-4e0c-8223-aefe1d26d368","Sensing and Machine Learning for Automotive Perception: A Review","Pandharipande, Ashish (NXP Semiconductors); Cheng, Chih Hong (Fraunhofer Iks); Dauwels, J.H.G. (TU Delft Signal Processing Systems); Gurbuz, Sevgi Z. (University of South Alabama); Ibanez-Guzman, Javier (Group Renault); Li, Guofa (Chongqing University); Piazzoni, Andrea (Nanyang Technological University); Wang, Pu (Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories); Santra, Avik (Infineon Technologies, North America)","","2023","Automotive perception involves understanding the external driving environment and the internal state of the vehicle cabin and occupants using sensor data. It is critical to achieving high levels of safety and autonomy in driving. This article provides an overview of different sensor modalities, such as cameras, radars, and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) used commonly for perception, along with the associated data processing techniques. Critical aspects of perception are considered, such as architectures for processing data from single or multiple sensor modalities, sensor data processing algorithms and the role of machine learning techniques, methodologies for validating the performance of perception systems, and safety. The technical challenges for each aspect are analyzed, emphasizing machine learning approaches, given their potential impact on improving perception. Finally, future research opportunities in automotive perception for their wider deployment are outlined.","Advanced driver assistance system (ADAS); automotive perception; autonomous driving; cameras; light detection and ranging (LiDAR); radars; safety; sensor data processing","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-09-25","","","Signal Processing Systems","","",""
"uuid:e55e331e-dbff-4a40-acdd-f62ff8151945","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e55e331e-dbff-4a40-acdd-f62ff8151945","Who benefits from cycling initiatives? An evaluation of perceived effectiveness and differences among population groups","Jahanshahi, Danial (The University of Auckland); Costello, Seósamh B. (The University of Auckland); Dirks, Kim Natasha (The University of Auckland); van Wee, G.P. (TU Delft Transport and Logistics)","","2023","This study explores the effectiveness of cycling initiatives in encouraging bicycle usage, and the relationship with sociodemographic characteristics amongst residents of the multi-cultural city of Auckland, New Zealand. The study considered regular cyclists, potential cyclists, as well as non-cyclists across demographic groups, including age, gender, income level, educational level, ethnicity, and bicycle user type to provide a holistic understanding of the association between the perceived effectiveness of cycling initiatives in encouraging bicycle usage. The results indicate that safety initiatives, including lighting improvements and vehicle safety features are perceived as being the most effective amongst all of the cycling initiatives proposed, and that younger people, Māori and Pacific people, and regular cyclists perceive higher levels of effectiveness in response to many of the cycling initiatives implemented. Moreover, findings indicate that many of the cycling initiatives are seen as more effective by some specific demographic groups who were not necessarily the intended target groups for the initiative, as envisaged by the experts tasked with their development and implementation. Also, for some demographic groups such as the elderly, women and non-cyclists, the perceived effectiveness of current cycling initiatives was found to be lower than was the case for the population as a whole, suggesting that the current cycling initiatives are not sufficiently focussed on these cycling disadvantaged groups, as they should to be in the interest of equity. This study aids in the design of better strategies by providing insights for policymakers and local governments to provide more equitable outcomes with respect to cycling.","Auckland; Cycling initiatives; Equity; Ethnicity; Perceptions","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-01-17","","","Transport and Logistics","","",""
"uuid:a73174a9-606c-42a2-bfde-a9d3481b0ca7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a73174a9-606c-42a2-bfde-a9d3481b0ca7","What Attentional Moral Perception Cannot Do but Emotions Can","Hutton, James (TU Delft Ethics & Philosophy of Technology)","","2023","Jonna Vance and Preston Werner argue that humans’ mechanisms of perceptual attention tend to be sensitive to morally relevant properties. They dub this tendency “Attentional Moral Perception” (AMP) and argue that it can play all the explanatory roles that some theorists have hoped moral perception can play. In this article, I argue that, although AMP can indeed play some important explanatory roles, there are certain crucial things that AMP cannot do. Firstly, many theorists appeal to moral perception to explain how moral knowledge is possible. I argue that AMP cannot put an agent in a position to acquire moral knowledge unless it is supplemented with some other capacity for becoming aware of moral properties. Secondly, theorists appeal to moral perception to explain “moral conversions”, i.e., cases in which an experience leads an agent to form a moral belief that conflicts with her pre-existing moral beliefs. I argue that AMP cannot explain this either. Due to these shortcomings, theorists should turn to emotions for a powerful and psychologically realistic account of virtuous agents’ sensitivity to the moral landscape.","moral epistemology; moral psychology; moral perception; attention; emotion; epistemic sentimentalism","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Ethics & Philosophy of Technology","","",""
"uuid:3b2406fc-2b58-4021-9ea8-ea16c6bdd6cc","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3b2406fc-2b58-4021-9ea8-ea16c6bdd6cc","Gap theory based post-occupancy evaluation (GTbPOE) of dormitory building performance: A case study and a comparative analysis","Hou, H. (TU Delft Real Estate Management); Lai, Joseph H.K. (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University); Edwards, David (Birmingham City University)","","2020","Student housing significantly influences the quality and competitiveness of the university education environment. Whereas the traditional post-occupancy evaluations (POEs) of buildings have typically focussed on investigating users' satisfaction, an earlier study developed the gap theory based post-occupancy evaluation (GTbPOE) method, by which both the users' expectation and satisfaction (viz. performance gap) of a university dormitory were investigated. To validate the applicability of the GTbPOE method, further research was undertaken to evaluate the building performance of another dormitory. Using face-to-face interviews, responses of 104 dormitory users were collected, of which the relative importance ratings of six essential aspects (namely: visual comfort, thermal comfort, aural comfort, fire safety, hygiene, and communication via information technology) were analyzed via the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). A series of gap analyses on the users' expectation and satisfaction levels corroborated the existence of the adaptation effect on the users’ perception: that is, the longer the stay, the smaller the performance gap. A comparative analysis on the findings between the two dormitories - one from the earlier study and the other from the present study - further demonstrated the usefulness of the GTbPOE method in benchmarking building performance. Adoption of this method in future POE studies will enable reliable identification of any shortcoming in building performance and hence, can form the basis for improvement measures to augment the performance of buildings within the built environment.","Adaptation; AHP; Perception; POE; Student; University; User","en","journal article","","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","2021-09-29","","","Real Estate Management","","",""
"uuid:3b2f0ad3-6018-4495-a233-f6dc3b57ea23","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3b2f0ad3-6018-4495-a233-f6dc3b57ea23","Evolved Neuromorphic Control for High Speed Divergence-Based Landings of MAVs","Hagenaars, J.J. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); Paredes-Vallés, Federico (TU Delft Control & Simulation); Bohté, Sander M. (Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI)); de Croon, G.C.H.E. (TU Delft Control & Simulation)","","2020","Flying insects are capable of vision-based navigation in cluttered environments, reliably avoiding obstacles through fast and agile maneuvers, while being very efficient in the processing of visual stimuli. Meanwhile, autonomous micro air vehicles still lag far behind their biological counterparts, displaying inferior performance at a much higher energy consumption. In light of this, we want to mimic flying insects in terms of their processing capabilities, and consequently show the efficiency of this approach in the real world. This letter does so through evolving spiking neural networks for controlling landings of micro air vehicles using optical flow divergence from a downward-looking camera. We demonstrate that the resulting neuromorphic controllers transfer robustly from a highly abstracted simulation to the real world, performing fast and safe landings while keeping network spike rate minimal. Furthermore, we provide insight into the resources required for successfully solving the problem of divergence-based landing, showing that high-resolution control can be learned with only a single spiking neuron. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to integrate spiking neural networks in the control loop of a real-world flying robot. Videos of the experiments can be found at https://bit.ly/neuro-controller.","Aerial systems: perception and autonomy; autonomous vehicle navigation; evolutionary algorithms; neuromorphic computing; spiking neural networks","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Control & Simulation","","",""
"uuid:e8492ab3-d955-427f-8000-e856cf6c50b0","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e8492ab3-d955-427f-8000-e856cf6c50b0","Painterly depiction of material properties","van Zuijlen, M.J.P. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); Pont, S.C. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); Wijntjes, M.W.A. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design)","","2020","Painters are masters of depiction and have learned to evoke a clear perception of materials and material attributes in a natural, three-dimensional setting, with complex lighting conditions. Furthermore, painters are not constrained by reality, meaning that they could paint materials without exactly following the laws of nature, while still evoking the perception of materials. Paintings have to our knowledge not been studied on a big scale from a material perception perspective. In this article, we studied the perception of painted materials and their attributes by using human annotations to find instances of 15 materials, such as wood, stone, fabric, etc. Participants made perceptual judgments about 30 unique segments of these materials for 10 material attributes, such as glossiness, roughness, hardness, etc. We found that participants were able to perform this task well while being highly consistent. Participants, however, did not consistently agree with each other, and the measure of consistency depended on the material attribute being perceived. Additionally, we found that material perception appears to function independently of the medium of depiction-the results of our principal component analysis agreed well with findings in former studies for photographs and computer renderings.","Material perception; material attributes; art history; Amazon Mechanical Turk; OA-Fund TU Delft","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human Information Communication Design","","",""
"uuid:0ff98c33-6859-45ca-9ed5-88f8e38eea4d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0ff98c33-6859-45ca-9ed5-88f8e38eea4d","Food Perception and Aesthetics - Linking Sensory Science to Culinary Practice","Schifferstein, Hendrik N.J. (TU Delft Design Aesthetics); Kudrowitz, Barry M. (University of Minnesota Twin Cities); Breuer, Carola","","2020","This systematic overview tries to link scientific knowledge on human perception and appreciation mechanisms to culinary practices. We discuss the roles of the human senses during eating, starting out with basic mechanisms of taste and smell perception, up to principles of aesthetics. These insights are related to how foods are experienced, how ingredients are combined, the use of flavor bases in cuisines, the creation of a full course meal, the choice of a beverage with a dish, and how people learn to appreciate new foods.","aesthetics; culinary practices; food pairing; Perception; sensory science","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Design Aesthetics","","",""
"uuid:19f303b3-0916-43c3-aa8d-f05dc7166025","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:19f303b3-0916-43c3-aa8d-f05dc7166025","Stakeholder Perceptions of Transaction Costs in Prefabricated Housing Projects in China","Wu, H. (TU Delft Housing Quality and Process Innovation); Qian, QK (TU Delft Housing Quality and Process Innovation); Straub, A. (TU Delft Public Commissioning); Visscher, H.J. (TU Delft Housing Quality and Process Innovation)","","2021","Prefabrication has the potential to improve the efficiency and sustainability of housing production. However, there are various challenges in the realization of prefabricated housing (PH) from the stakeholder's perspective. Transaction costs (TCs) theory provides a particular angle that explains the invisible costs within transactions. This study aims to explore how perceptions of TCs vary for stakeholder groups and show the potential to reduce TCs in China. The distribution of TCs related to stages and stakeholders was investigated by a literature study and validated by expert interviews. Further, an existing framework of TCs was adopted to conduct a questionnaire survey for collecting perceptions of TCs from six stakeholder groups. The findings show that assembly, detailed design, and design change are the most highlighted TCs of PH. In particular, the component supplierscomplained of TCs from the points of detailed design and hiring skilled labor. The local governmentemphasized TCs on monitoring and enforcement in assembly, architectural design, and component transportation. This research contributes to the construction management community by acknowledging stakeholders in understanding their TCs, which also inspires the policy makers to reduce significant TCs to smooth transactions for the future of China's PH market.","Challenges; Construction; Prefabricated housing (PH); Stakeholder perceptions; Transaction costs (TCs)","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-04-21","","","Housing Quality and Process Innovation","","",""
"uuid:846f1396-3699-4c08-ae3d-98b3105b6a3e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:846f1396-3699-4c08-ae3d-98b3105b6a3e","Landscape Architectural Perspectives as Agent for Generous Design","de Wit, S.I. (TU Delft Landscape Architecture); Bobbink, I. (TU Delft Landscape Architecture)","","2020","Landscape architectonic compositions that draw on the underlying landscape structure can function as a carrier for changing programmes, cultures, processes, etc. Precisely such an explicitly spatial design is required to foster the inclusive city, one that is not only socially just but also sensitive to the environment while allowing for and evoking diverse social and natural processes. The objective of an ‘inclusive city’ is often related to social issues, which might easily lead to the exclusion of ecological values; the opposite approach may prove equally exclusive. Inclusivity also means creating room for the unexpected. From a design point of view, this requires two underlying attitudes: a willingness to see any design assignment from different perspectives as well as a readiness to create sustainable, flexible and open designs.
These two attitudes are inherent to landscape architecture, which traditionally prioritizes the site over the programme, and—because of the long term, time-based condition of the landscape—is forced to think in open-ended designs. In this paper we discuss a selection of graduation projects of the landscape architecture track at the TU Delft in order to illustrate how inclusivity is inherent to a complete understanding of landscape architecture. Four essential perspectives on analysis and design—perception, palimpsest, process and scale continuum—are discussed in order to reveal their capacity to serve as a basis for designing inclusive urban landscapes.","landscape architecture; education; perception; palimpsest; process; scale-continuum; inclusive urbanism; generous cities","en","journal article","","","","","","Vol. 6 (2020): Inclusive Urbanism: Advances in research, education and practice. ISBN 978-94-6366-317-5","","","","","Landscape Architecture","","",""
"uuid:73359b2f-6bac-480e-9f0e-0b24c86ba228","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:73359b2f-6bac-480e-9f0e-0b24c86ba228","A juicy orange makes for a tastier juice: The neglected role of visual material perception in packaging design","Di Cicco, F. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); Zhao, Y. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); Wijntjes, M.W.A. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); Pont, S.C. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); Schifferstein, Hendrik N.J. (TU Delft Design Aesthetics)","","2021","Food appearance sets intentions and expectations. When designing packaged food much attention is devoted to packaging elements like color and shape, but less to the characteristics of the images used. To our awareness, no study has yet investigated how the appearance of the food shown on the package affects consumers’ preferences. Often, orange juice packages depict an orange. Juiciness being one of the most important parameters to assess oranges’ quality, we hypothesized that an orange with a juicier appearance on the package would improve the overall evaluation of the juice. Using image cues found to trigger juiciness perception of oranges depicted in 17th century paintings, we designed four orange juice packages by manipulating the highlights on the pulp (present vs. absent) and the state of the orange (unpeeled vs. peeled). In an online experiment, 400 participants, each assigned to one condition, rated expected naturalness, healthiness, quality, sweetness and tastiness of the juice, package attractiveness and willingness to buy. Finally, they rated juiciness of the orange for all four images. A one-way ANOVA showed a significant effect of the highlights on juiciness. A MANOVA showed that the presence of highlights, both in isolation and in interaction with the peeled side, also significantly increased expected quality and tastiness of the juice. The present study shows the importance of material perception and food texture appearance in the imagery of food packaging. We suggest that knowledge from vision science on image features and material perception should be integrated into the process of packaging design.","packaging design; Imagery; Material perception; Juiciness","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human Information Communication Design","","",""
"uuid:b5faf44a-ff52-4146-a2c2-ece485682ff0","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b5faf44a-ff52-4146-a2c2-ece485682ff0","Testing the Validity and Reliability of an Instrument Measuring Engineering Students' Perceptions of Transversal Competency Levels","Leandro Cruz, M. (TU Delft Novel Aerospace Materials); van den Bogaard, M.E.D. (TU Delft Science Education and Communication); Saunders-Smits, Gillian (TU Delft Aerospace Structures & Materials); Groen, W.A. (TU Delft Aerospace Structures & Materials)","","2020","Contribution: This study reports on a reliable and valid instrument that measures engineering students' perceptions of their competency levels. A better understanding of students' needs in engineering curricula will support the development of engineering students' transversal competencies. Background: Prior research has investigated how engineering students perceive competency levels in transversal competencies. However, limitations in the competency definition, psychometric properties, and generalizability were found. Research questions: 1) What is the reliability and validity of the competency level instrument? and 2) what are the transversal competency level perceptions of engineering Bachelor and Master students? Methodology: A questionnaire consisting of 36 transversal competencies was designed based on an existing industry model and administered to 1087 engineering Bachelor and Master students from the University of Technology, The Netherlands. Validity and reliability were tested through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Cronbach's alpha. Findings: EFA resulted in five scales with reliable Cronbach's alpha values. CFA demonstrated a good model fit for the five-factor model with 25 items. Students perceived they are most competent in teamwork and lifelong learning competencies and less competent in entrepreneurial competencies.","Competency level measurement; engineering education; reliability; student perception; survey; transversal competencies and validity","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-05-01","","Aerospace Structures & Materials","Novel Aerospace Materials","","",""
"uuid:65881f28-c36a-45ef-91c3-84ee25f66872","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:65881f28-c36a-45ef-91c3-84ee25f66872","Leans Illusion in Hexapod Simulator Facilitates Erroneous Responses to Artificial Horizon in Airline Pilots","van den Hoed, Annemarie (Student TU Delft); Landman, H.M. (TU Delft Control & Simulation; TNO); van Baelen, D. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); Stroosma, O. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); van Paassen, M.M. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); Groen, Eric L. (TNO); Mulder, Max (TU Delft Control & Simulation)","","2020","Objective: We tested whether a procedure in a hexapod simulator can cause incorrect assumptions of the bank angle (i.e., the “leans”) in airline pilots as well as incorrect interpretations of the attitude indicator (AI). Background: The effect of the leans on interpretation errors has previously been demonstrated in nonpilots. In-flight, incorrect assumptions can arise due to misleading roll cues (spatial disorientation). Method: Pilots (n = 18) performed 36 runs, in which they were asked to roll to wings level using only the AI. They received roll cues before the AI was shown, which matched with the AI bank angle direction in most runs, but which were toward the opposite direction in a leans-opposite condition (four runs). In a baseline condition (four runs), they received no roll cues. To test whether pilots responded to the AI, the AI sometimes showed wings level following roll cues in a leans-level condition (four runs). Results: Overall, pilots made significantly more errors in the leans-opposite (19.4%) compared to the baseline (6.9%) or leans-level condition (0.0%). There was a pronounced learning effect in the leans-opposite condition, as 38.9% of pilots made an error in the first exposure to this condition. Experience (i.e., flight hours) had no significant effects. Conclusion: The leans procedure was effective in inducing AI misinterpretations and control input errors in pilots. Application: The procedure can be used in spatial disorientation demonstrations. The results underline the importance of unambiguous displays that should be able to quickly correct incorrect assumptions due to spatial disorientation.","aviation; display; perception; simulation; spatial disorientation","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Control & Simulation","","",""
"uuid:b76ec4a1-2294-415d-8a49-f80f2cdbc02f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b76ec4a1-2294-415d-8a49-f80f2cdbc02f","Continuous Occupancy Mapping in Dynamic Environments Using Particles","Chen, Gang (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Dong, Wei (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Peng, Peng (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Alonso-Mora, J. (TU Delft Learning & Autonomous Control); Zhu, Xiangyang (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)","","2023","Particle-based dynamic occupancy maps were proposed in recent years to model the obstacles in dynamic environments. Current particle-based maps describe the occupancy status in discrete grid form and suffer from the grid size problem, wherein a large grid size is unfavorable for motion planning while a small grid size lowers efficiency and causes gaps and inconsistencies. To tackle this problem, this paper generalizes the particle-based map into continuous space and builds an efficient 3D egocentric local map. A dual-structure subspace division paradigm, composed of a voxel subspace division and a novel pyramid-like subspace division, is proposed to propagate particles and update the map efficiently with the consideration of occlusions. The occupancy status at an arbitrary point in the map space can then be estimated with the weights of the particles. To reduce the noise in modeling static and dynamic obstacles simultaneously, an initial velocity estimation approach and a mixture model are utilized. Experimental results show that our map can effectively and efficiently model both dynamic obstacles and static obstacles. Compared to the state-of-the-art grid-form particle-based map, our map enables continuous occupancy estimation and substantially improves the mapping performance at different resolutions.","Aerial systems; collision avoidance; Computational modeling; dynamic environment; Kernel; mapping; Mixture models; perception and autonomy; Point cloud compression; Radio frequency; Robots; Three-dimensional displays","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2024-04-16","","","Learning & Autonomous Control","","",""
"uuid:2f4a5110-bd58-4f00-9989-721915a1d7d4","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2f4a5110-bd58-4f00-9989-721915a1d7d4","RAST: Risk-Aware Spatio-Temporal Safety Corridors for MAV Navigation in Dynamic Uncertain Environments","Cheng, Gang (Shanghai Jiaotong University); Wu, S. (Student TU Delft); Shi, M. (Student TU Delft); Dong, W. (Shanghai Jiaotong University); Zhu, H. (TU Delft Learning & Autonomous Control); Alonso-Mora, J. (TU Delft Learning & Autonomous Control)","","2023","Autonomous navigation of Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) in dynamic and unknown environments is a complex and challenging task. Current works rely on assumptions to solve the problem. The MAV's pose is precisely known, the dynamic obstacles can be explicitly segmented from static ones, their number is known and fixed, or they can be modeled with given shapes. In this paper, we present a method for MAV navigation in dynamic uncertain environments without making any of these assumptions. The method employs a particle-based dynamic map to represent the local environment and predicts it to the near future. Collision risk is defined based on the predicted maps and a series of risk-aware spatio-temporal (RAST) safety corridors are constructed, which are finally used to optimize a dynamically-feasible collision-free trajectory for the MAV. We compared our method with several state-of-the-art works in 12000 simulation tests in Gazebo with the physical engine enabled. The results show that our method has the highest success rate at different uncertainty levels. Finally, we validated the proposed method in real experiments.","Aerial systems; collision avoidance; motion and path planning; perception and autonomy","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-06-23","","","Learning & Autonomous Control","","",""
"uuid:216bfc27-eb74-4c5b-8a06-9d29d6dcebaa","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:216bfc27-eb74-4c5b-8a06-9d29d6dcebaa","Effects of light map orientation and shape on the visual perception of canonical materials","Zhang, F. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); de Ridder, H. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); Barla, Pascal (INRIA Bordeaux Sud-Ouest); Pont, S.C. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design)","","2020","We previously presented a systematic optics-based canonical approach to test material-lighting interactions in their full natural ecology, combining canonical material and lighting modes. Analyzing the power of the spherical harmonics components of the lighting allowed us to predict the lighting effects on material perception for generic natural illumination environments. To further understand how material properties can be brought out or communicated visually, in the current study, we tested whether and how light map orientation and shape affect these interactions in a rating experiment: For combinations of four materials, three shapes, and three light maps, we rotated the light maps in 15 different configurations. For the velvety objects, there were main and interaction effects of lighting and light map orientation. The velvety ratings decreased when the main light source was coming from the back of the objects. For the specular objects, there were main and interaction effects of lighting and shape. The specular ratings increased when the environment in the specular reflections was clearly visible in the stimuli. For the glittery objects, there were main and interaction effects of shape and light map orientation. The glittery ratings correlated with the coverage of the glitter reflections as the shape and light map orientation varied. For the matte objects, results were robust across all conditions. Last, we propose combining the canonical modes approach with so-called importance maps to analyze the appearance features of the proximal stimulus, the image, in contradistinction to the physical parameters as an approach for optimization of material communication.","Canonical modes; Light map orientation; Lighting; Material communication; Material perception; Shape; OA-Fund TU Delft","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human Information Communication Design","","",""
"uuid:a71ed4ba-c6fb-40a3-94ec-7fc8bdf222c9","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a71ed4ba-c6fb-40a3-94ec-7fc8bdf222c9","Profiling outpatient staff based on their self-reported comfort and preferences of indoor environmental quality and social comfort in six hospitals","Eijkelenboom, A.M. (TU Delft Indoor Environment); Bluyssen, P.M. (TU Delft Indoor Environment)","","2020","Comfort and health of outpatient staff is important due to the growing demand of healthcare and its crucial influence on society. Previous studies have mostly focused on the perception of comfort and indicated a large prevalence of building-related symptoms and dissatisfaction with comfort of staff in hospital buildings. Unfortunately, limited information was available of the individual preferences in relation to building aspects, especially in outpatient areas. This study aims to understand the preferences of outpatient staff in relation to their comfort, health, work- and building-related aspects. Data were collected with a survey from 556 outpatient workers in six hospital buildings and building inspection of 107 rooms. TwoStep cluster analysis was performed to identify groups with clear differences in preferences and comfort, that justify the variation of individual comfort and preferences of outpatient workers. Six clusters were produced for preferences and comfort with IEQ; three clusters were produced for preferences and comfort with social aspects. The clusters indicated that preferences and comfort of IEQ are related to health. The social clusters varied in activities of outpatient staff. As the overlap of the profiles of the IEQ clusters with the profiles of the social clusters was limited, the results suggest that it is important to study both simultaneously. Surprisingly, relations with building-related aspects were for both cluster-sets limited. This suggests that outpatient staff members do not relate their preferences to the actual building where they are working.","Health; Hospital building; Indoor environmental quality; Occupant's preferences; Outpatient workplace; Perception","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Indoor Environment","","",""
"uuid:bf1912c5-a838-4cb6-9dce-aa96f46fd035","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bf1912c5-a838-4cb6-9dce-aa96f46fd035","Detection of Friction-Modulated Textures is Limited by Vibrotactile Sensitivity","Bernard, Corentin (Aix Marseille Université); Ystad, Sølvi (Aix Marseille Université); Monnoyer, Jocelyn (Aix Marseille Université); Wiertlewski, M. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction)","","2020","Modulation of the frictional force of a fingertip sliding over a surface-haptic device can produce compelling sensations of texture and relief. The virtual sensation is particularly apparent and feel as fixed in space if the stimulus is rigorously correlated with the displacement of the finger. While frictional textures tactually resemble their real counterparts, some exploratory conditions under which the sharpness of the texture declines exist. We postulate that this decline in sharpness is caused by the perceptual limitation of the attempt to interpret the variation in friction as an out-of-plane sinusoidal topography. To investigate these questions, we measured the detection thresholds of sinusoidal friction-modulated gratings for a wide range of spatial periods explored at two different speeds. We compared the results with the detection thresholds, reported in the literature, of real gratings and vibrotactile stimuli. We found that the detection of spatial friction-modulated textures does not follow the same trend as that of real textures but is more similar to the vibrotactile rendering, which is strongly influenced by the exploratory speed. This article provides a better understanding of the perception of friction-modulated textures and provides insight into how to design impactful stimuli on surface-haptic devices.","detection thresholds; finger velocity; friction modulation; Haptics; psychophysics; tactile perception; touchscreen","en","journal article","","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","Human-Robot Interaction","","",""
"uuid:9c8fd086-5fb3-4910-908b-4dfedaa060fe","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9c8fd086-5fb3-4910-908b-4dfedaa060fe","External Human–Machine Interfaces Can Be Misleading: An Examination of Trust Development and Misuse in a CAVE-Based Pedestrian Simulation Environment","Kaleefathullah, Anees Ahamed (University of Leeds; Student TU Delft); Merat, Natasha (University of Leeds); Lee, Yee Mun (University of Leeds); Eisma, Y.B. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction); Madigan, Ruth (University of Leeds); Garcia, Jorge (University of Leeds); de Winter, J.C.F. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction)","","2020","Objective: To investigate pedestrians’ misuse of an automated vehicle (AV) equipped with an external human–machine interface (eHMI). Misuse occurs when a pedestrian enters the road because of uncritically following the eHMI’s message. Background: Human factors research indicates that automation misuse is a concern. However, there is no consensus regarding misuse of eHMIs. Methods: Sixty participants each experienced 50 crossing trials in a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) simulator. The three independent variables were as follows: (1) behavior of the approaching AV (within-subject: yielding at 33 or 43 m distance, no yielding), (2) eHMI presence (within-subject: eHMI on upon yielding, off), and (3) eHMI onset timing (between-subjects: eHMI turned on 1 s before or 1 s after the vehicle started to decelerate). Two failure trials were included where the eHMI turned on, yet the AV did not yield. Dependent measures were the moment of entering the road and perceived risk, comprehension, and trust. Results: Trust was higher with eHMI than without, and the −1 Group crossed earlier than the +1 Group. In the failure trials, perceived risk increased to high levels, whereas trust and comprehension decreased. Thirty-five percent of the participants in the −1 and +1 Groups walked onto the road when the eHMI failed for the first time, but there were no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: eHMIs that provide anticipatory information stimulate early crossing. eHMIs may cause people to over-rely on the eHMI and under-rely on the vehicle-intrinsic cues. Application: eHMI have adverse consequences, and education of eHMI capability is required.","automated driving; external human–machine interfaces; misuse; pedestrians; risk perception; trust","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human-Robot Interaction","","",""
"uuid:4854c5e2-cc70-44fc-a6c4-deb24ba50d15","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4854c5e2-cc70-44fc-a6c4-deb24ba50d15","Material properties and image cues for convincing grapes: The know-how of the 17th-century pictorial recipe by Willem Beurs","Di Cicco, F. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); Wiersma, Lisa (Universiteit Utrecht); Wijntjes, M.W.A. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); Pont, S.C. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design)","","2020","Painters mastered replicating the regularities of the visual patterns that we use to infer different materials and their properties, via meticulous observation of the way light reveals the world's textures. The convincing depiction of bunches of grapes is particularly interesting. A convincing portrayal of grapes requires a balanced combination of different material properties, such as glossiness, translucency and bloom, as we learn from the 17th-century pictorial recipe by Willem Beurs. These material properties, together with three-dimensionality and convincingness, were rated in experiment 1 on 17th-century paintings, and in experiment 2 on optical mixtures of layers derived from a reconstruction of one of the 17th-century paintings, made following Beurs's recipe. In experiment 3 only convincingness was rated, using again the 17th-century paintings. With a multiple linear regression, we found glossiness, translucency and bloom not to be good predictors of convincingness of the 17thcentury paintings, but they were for the reconstruction. Overall, convincingness was judged consistently, showing that people agreed on its meaning. However, the agreement was higher when the material properties indicated by Beurs were also rated (experiment 1) than if not (experiment 3), suggesting that these properties are associated with what makes grapes look convincing. The 17thcentury workshop practices showed more variability than standardization of grapes, as different combinations of the material properties could lead to a highly convincing representation. Beurs's recipe provides a list of all the possible optical interactions of grapes, and the economic yet effective image cues to render them.","Convincingness perception; Grapes; Material perception; Material rendering; Pictorial cues; Seventeenth century paintings; Willem Beurs","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human Information Communication Design","","",""
"uuid:071766ba-51ff-4e7c-9a4e-4ee270c7726e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:071766ba-51ff-4e7c-9a4e-4ee270c7726e","Emergency braking at intersections: A motion-base motorcycle simulator study","Kovacsova, N. (TU Delft Biomechatronics & Human-Machine Control); Grottoli, M. (TU Delft Intelligent Vehicles; Siemens PLM Software); Celiberti, Francesco (Siemens PLM Software); Lemmens, Yves (Siemens PLM Software); Happee, R. (TU Delft Intelligent Vehicles); Hagenzieker, Marjan (TU Delft Transport and Planning); de Winter, J.C.F. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction)","","2020","Powered two-wheeler riders are frequently involved in crashes at intersections because an approaching car driver fails to give right of way. This simulator study aimed to investigate how riders perform an emergency braking maneuver in response to an oncoming car and, second, whether longitudinal motion cues provided by a motion platform influence riders' braking performance. Twelve riders approached a four-way intersection at the same time as an oncoming car. We manipulated the car's direction of travel, speed profile, and its indicator light. The results showed that the more dangerous the situation (safe, near-miss, impending-crash), the more likely riders were to initiate braking. Although riders braked in the majority of trials when the car crossed their path, they were often unsuccessful in avoiding a collision with the car. No statistically significant differences were found in riders' initiation of braking and braking style between the motion and no-motion simulator configurations.","Hazard; Motorcycle-car interaction; Motorcyclist safety; Perception-action; Rider performance","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2020-04-12","","","Biomechatronics & Human-Machine Control","","",""
"uuid:0fdadae0-7d47-4bd1-846c-5ae379cd98d0","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0fdadae0-7d47-4bd1-846c-5ae379cd98d0","One and done? Exploring linkages between households' intended adaptations to climate-induced floods","Noll, B.L. (TU Delft Policy Analysis); Filatova, T. (TU Delft Policy Analysis); Need, Ariana (University of Twente)","","2022","As climate change increases the probability and severity of natural hazards, the need for coordinated adaptation at all levels of society intensifies. Governmental-level adaptation measures are essential, but insufficient in the face of growing risks, necessitating complementary action from households. Apprehending the drivers of household adaptation is critical if governments are to stimulate protective behavior effectively. While past work has focused on the behavioral drivers of household adaptation, little attention has been paid to understanding the relationships between adaptation measures themselves—both previously undergone and additionally (planned) intended adaptation(s). Using survey data (N = 4,688) from four countries—the United States, China, Indonesia, and the Netherlands—we utilize protection motivation theory to account for the behavioral drivers of household adaptation to the most devastating climate-driven hazard: flooding. We analyze how past and additionally intended adaptations involving structural modification to one's home affect household behavior. We find that both prior adaptations and additionally intended adaptation have a positive effect on intending a specific adaptation. Further, we note that once links between adaptations are accounted for, the effect that worry has on motivating specific actions, substantially lessens. This suggests that while threat appraisal is important in initially determining if households intend to adapt, it is households' adaptive capacity that determines how. Our analysis reveals that household structural modifications may be nonmarginal. This could indicate that past action and intention to pursue one action trigger intentions for other adaptations, a finding with implications for estimating the speed and scope of household adaptation diffusion.","adaptation; behavior; flood; household; links; perception; risk","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Policy Analysis","","",""
"uuid:54953ac0-ff9b-4d41-986f-d6818e60a43f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:54953ac0-ff9b-4d41-986f-d6818e60a43f","Enactivism and the Paradox of Moral Perception","van Grunsven, J.B. (TU Delft Ethics & Philosophy of Technology)","","2021","In this paper I home in on an ethical phenomenon that is powerfully elucidated by means of enactive resources but that has, to my knowledge, not yet been explicitly addressed in the literature. The phenomenon in question concerns what I will term the paradox of moral perception, which, to be clear, does not refer to a logical but to a phenomenological-practical paradoxicality. Specifically, I have in mind the seemingly contradictory phenomenon that perceiving persons as moral subjects is at once incredibly easy and incredibly difficult; it is something we do nearly effortlessly and successfully all the time without giving it much thought and it is something that often requires effort and that we fail at all the time (also often without giving it much thought). As I will argue, enactivism offers distinctive resources for explaining the paradoxical nature of moral perception. These resources, moreover, bring out two important dimensions of ethical life that are frequently overlooked in contemporary ethical theory: namely the embodied and socio-technical environment-embedded dimensions of moral perception and moral visibility. As I make my argument, I will be connecting enactivism with insights from David Hume’s and Iris Murdoch’s moral philosophy as well as insights from the field of Epistemic Injustice. As such, I aim to situate enactivism within the larger theoretical ethical landscape; showing connections with existing ethical theories and identifying some of the ways in which enactivism offers unique contributions to our understanding of ethical life. While doing so, I will furthermore introduce two forms of moral misperception: particular moral misperception and categorial moral misperception.","Autism; Bodily normativity; Enactivism; Epistemic injustice; Moral perception; Participatory sense-making; Sociotechnical embeddedness","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Ethics & Philosophy of Technology","","",""
"uuid:bf32dc6e-b870-42b4-9d92-97522fb7967d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bf32dc6e-b870-42b4-9d92-97522fb7967d","Perception modelling by invariant representation of deep learning for automated structural diagnostic in aircraft maintenance: A study case using DeepSHM","Ewald, Vincentius (TU Delft Structural Integrity & Composites); Sridaran Venkat, Ramanan (Saarland University); Asokkumar, Aadhik (Saarland University; Kaunas University of Technology); Benedictus, R. (TU Delft Structural Integrity & Composites); Boller, Christian (Saarland University); Groves, R.M. (TU Delft Structural Integrity & Composites)","","2021","Predictive maintenance, as one of the core components of Industry 4.0, takes a proactive approach to maintain machines and systems in good order to keep downtime to a minimum and the airline maintenance industry is not an exception to this. To achieve this goal, practices in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) complement the existing Non-Destructive-Testing (NDT) have been established in the last decades. Recently, the increasing computational capability such as utilization of a graphical processing unit (GPU) in combination with advanced machine learning techniques such as deep learning has been one of the main drivers in the advancement of predictive analytics in condition monitoring. In our previous work, we proposed a novel approach using deep learning for guided wave based structural health called DeepSHM. As a study case, we treated an ultrasonic signal from guided Lamb wave SHM with a convolutional neural network (CNN). In that work, we only considered a single central frequency excitation. This led to a single governing wavelength which is normally good for the detection of a single damage size. In classical signal processing, applying a broader excitation frequency poses an analysis and interpretation nightmare because it contains more complex information and thus is difficult to understand. This problem can be overcome with deep learning; however, it creates another problem: while deep learning typically results in a more accurate result prediction, it is specifically made for solving only certain types of tasks. While many papers have already introduced deep learning for diagnostics, many of these works are only proposing novel predictive techniques, however the mathematical formalization is lacking, and we are not informed about why we should treat acoustic signal with deep learning. So, the basis of ‘explainable AI’ for SHM and NDT is currently lacking. For this reason, in this paper, we would like to extend our previous work into a more generalized. Rather than focusing on a novel technique, we propose a plausible theoretical perspective inspired from neuroscience for signal representation of deep learning framework to model machine perception in structural health monitoring (SHM), especially because SHM typically involves multiple sensory input from different sensing locations. To do this, we created a set of artificial data from a finite element model (FEM) and represented DeepSHM in two different ways: 1). Perpetual representation of observation and 2). Hierarchical structure of entities that is decomposable in a smaller sub-entity. Consequently, we assume two plausible models for DeepSHM: 1). Either it behaves as a single deciding actor since the observation is regarded as perpetual, and 2). Or it acts as a multiple actor with independent outputs since multiple sensors can form different output probabilities. These artificial data were split into several different input representations, classified into several damage scenarios and then trained with commonly used deep learning training parameters. We compare the performance metrics of each perception model to describe the training behavior of both representations.","Convolutional neural network; Deep learning; Feature learning; Invariant representation; Perception; Structural health monitoring; Time-frequency-analysis; Ultrasonic lamb wave","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Structural Integrity & Composites","","",""
"uuid:db62ab48-41ed-4e76-8c8a-a61bf0e4f86f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:db62ab48-41ed-4e76-8c8a-a61bf0e4f86f","A Computationally Efficient Moving Horizon Estimator for Ultra-Wideband Localization on Small Quadrotors","Pfeiffer, S.U. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); de Wagter, C. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); de Croon, G.C.H.E. (TU Delft Control & Simulation)","","2021","We present a computationally efficient moving horizon estimator that allows for real-time localization using Ultra-Wideband measurements on small quadrotors. The estimator uses only a single iteration of a simple gradient descent method to optimize the state estimate based on past measurements, while using random sample consensus to reject outliers. We compare our algorithm to a state-of-the-art Extended Kalman Filter and show its advantages when dealing with heavy-tailed noise, which is frequently encountered in Ultra-Wideband ranging. Furthermore, we analyze the algorithm's performance when reducing the number of beacons for measurements and we implement the code on a 30 g Crazyflie drone, to show its ability to run on computationally limited devices.","aerial systems: perception and autonomy; localization; optimization and optimal control; Sensor fusion","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2022-01-21","","","Control & Simulation","","",""
"uuid:39216894-df8e-40d4-89ad-8a7f093e4bbc","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:39216894-df8e-40d4-89ad-8a7f093e4bbc","Comparison of first-year student conceptions of their future roles as engineers between Belgium, Ireland, and The Netherlands","Saunders-Smits, Gillian (TU Delft Aerospace Structures & Materials); Craps, Sofie (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven); Carthy, Darren (TU Dublin); Langie, Greet (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven)","","2021","Recent research by KU Leuven showed that 33% of the engineering graduates in Flanders changed jobs in the first year, with 60% of those citing job content as a reason. Also, industry often reports that recent graduate hires lack the right skills for the job. It appears that students seem to enter the labour market less prepared both in perception and skill level. This study investigates the perceptions of first-year students on their future role and the competencies they need by developing an engineering role model on the business model of Tracey and Wiersema. The premise of the PREFER-model is that most vacancies for junior engineers fall into one of three roles: Product Leadership (i.e., focus on radical innovation), Operational Excellence (i.e., focus on process optimization), and Customer Intimacy (i.e., focus on client-tailored solutions). A survey was administered to first-year students from the three largest engineering degrees in Belgium, Ireland, and the Netherlands. A total of 197 students in Belgium (KU Leuven – Engineering Technology), 89 students in Ireland (TU Dublin – Engineering), and 372 students in the Netherlands (TU Delft – Aerospace Engineering) participated. In this survey, students were also asked to express their preference for three fictional job vacancies reflecting the three different roles. The results showed that first-year students do not have a clear view of the future and have an idealized perception of the engineering profession centred around the Product Leadership role. Students were also found to overestimate their level of preparedness when it comes to their mastery of competencies. It is suggested that having a discerning professional roles model as well as instruments that allow students to assess their role alignment and associated role competencies will help mitigate these issues.","employability; first-year students; Professional skills; student perception; survey","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","Aerospace Structures & Materials","","","",""
"uuid:243a755c-23d8-423c-9ac7-09eb0e9e6a48","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:243a755c-23d8-423c-9ac7-09eb0e9e6a48","An exploratory study using graphic design to communicate consumer benefits on food packaging","Schifferstein, Hendrik N.J. (TU Delft Design Aesthetics); Lemke, M. (TU Delft Design Aesthetics); de Boer, Alie (Universiteit Maastricht)","","2022","Commercial food packages may contain multiple messages. Packaging designers try to integrate all messages into a coherent design. Designers may use text, images or stylistic features, but these mediums may differ in their suitability to communicate specific product benefits. To evaluate the usefulness and effectiveness of these three mediums, we not only obtained consumer evaluations of packaging designs, but we also monitored the designer's experience during the design process. For three products (orange juice, muesli bar, plain yogurt) we created three consistent packaging designs communicating a single benefit through all three mediums, which was either a [1] health, [2] environmental, or [3] production, sensory or social claim. Subsequently, we developed inconsistent packages communicating three different messages through the three mediums. In an online survey, each of the 18 package variants was evaluated by 59–92 participants. Dummy regression analysis suggested that verbal claims had positive effects in communicating healthiness and environmental friendliness but elicited a negative tendency for sensory properties. The images we used indicated a positive effect for communicating worker conditions, but a negative effect for healthiness. Our stylistic elements suggested a positive effect for sensory appeal, but tended to have negative effects for environmental aspects. As regards designer dilemmas, we noticed that some images (e.g., in the medical domain) required specific graphic styles to make them acceptable for commercial use. Our findings suggest that consumers can handle multiple packaging messages, but finding an optimal configuration remains a design challenge.","Food design; Health; Image perception; Packaging; Sustainability; Verbal claims","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Design Aesthetics","","",""
"uuid:44e77b2e-419c-4329-adcb-c9c20a89d7d3","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:44e77b2e-419c-4329-adcb-c9c20a89d7d3","Learning to understand: disentangling the outcomes of stakeholder participation in climate change governance","Teodoro Morales, J.D. (TU Delft Transport and Logistics; Rijksuniversiteit Groningen); Prell, Christina (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen)","","2022","Stakeholder participation is increasingly seen as beneficial for short and long term responses to climate change risks. Past research highlights the role social networks play as both a key outcome of participation, as well as an important step towards other environmental governance goals. This paper focuses on the social relation of mutual understanding, which is often discussed in the environmental governance literature, but has yet to be studied as an empirical social network in its own right. Our paper builds and tests a conceptual framework linking participation to mutual understanding and social learning. We analyze three waves of network and perceptions data gathered on stakeholders participating in the Integrated Coastal Resiliency Assessment (ICRA) project, a 2.5 year-long project aimed at developing a collaborative research assessment on the vulnerabilities to climate change experienced by an island community located in the Chesapeake Bay, USA. Our findings suggest that participation (measured as co-attendance in project events) leads to the formation of mutual understanding ties among stakeholders, but these ties do not necessarily lead to more similarity in stakeholders’ perceptions on climate change. We reflect on these findings, and the project more broadly, noting that our study lends support to scholars arguing that feelings of mutual understanding are potentially more important for certain forms of collective action, as opposed to whether or not stakeholders increase their shared beliefs or perceptions about the environmental problem in question.","Climate change; Co-evolutionary networks; Cognition; Cognitive Networks; Environmental governance; Mutual understandingSocial influence; Participatory processes; Perception; SAOMs; Social learning; Stakeholder networks; Symmetric networks","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Transport and Logistics","","",""
"uuid:19951e1c-73b5-47c4-88b1-c8a16ed24508","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:19951e1c-73b5-47c4-88b1-c8a16ed24508","“Tricking the Brain” Using Immersive Virtual Reality: Modifying the Self-Perception Over Embodied Avatar Influences Motor Cortical Excitability and Action Initiation","Buetler, Karin A. (University of Bern); Penalver-Andres, Joaquin (University of Bern; University Hospital of Bern); Özen, Özhan (University of Bern); Ferriroli, Luca (University of Bern); Müri, René M. (University of Bern; University Hospital of Bern); Cazzoli, Dario (University of Bern; University Hospital of Bern; Luzerner Kantonsspital); Marchal Crespo, L. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction; University of Bern)","","2022","To offer engaging neurorehabilitation training to neurologic patients, motor tasks are often visualized in virtual reality (VR). Recently introduced head-mounted displays (HMDs) allow to realistically mimic the body of the user from a first-person perspective (i.e., avatar) in a highly immersive VR environment. In this immersive environment, users may embody avatars with different body characteristics. Importantly, body characteristics impact how people perform actions. Therefore, alternating body perceptions using immersive VR may be a powerful tool to promote motor activity in neurologic patients. However, the ability of the brain to adapt motor commands based on a perceived modified reality has not yet been fully explored. To fill this gap, we “tricked the brain” using immersive VR and investigated if multisensory feedback modulating the physical properties of an embodied avatar influences motor brain networks and control. Ten healthy participants were immersed in a virtual environment using an HMD, where they saw an avatar from first-person perspective. We slowly transformed the surface of the avatar (i.e., the “skin material”) from human to stone. We enforced this visual change by repetitively touching the real arm of the participant and the arm of the avatar with a (virtual) hammer, while progressively replacing the sound of the hammer against skin with stone hitting sound via loudspeaker. We applied single-pulse transcranial magnetic simulation (TMS) to evaluate changes in motor cortical excitability associated with the illusion. Further, to investigate if the “stone illusion” affected motor control, participants performed a reaching task with the human and stone avatar. Questionnaires assessed the subjectively reported strength of embodiment and illusion. Our results show that participants experienced the “stone arm illusion.” Particularly, they rated their arm as heavier, colder, stiffer, and more insensitive when immersed with the stone than human avatar, without the illusion affecting their experienced feeling of body ownership. Further, the reported illusion strength was associated with enhanced motor cortical excitability and faster movement initiations, indicating that participants may have physically mirrored and compensated for the embodied body characteristics of the stone avatar. Together, immersive VR has the potential to influence motor brain networks by subtly modifying the perception of reality, opening new perspectives for the motor recovery of patients.","body illusion; embodiment; immersive virtual reality (IVR); motor control; motor cortex; motor evoked potentials (MEPs); self-perception","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human-Robot Interaction","","",""
"uuid:279e22f6-5d44-4287-8a94-920327e82bc2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:279e22f6-5d44-4287-8a94-920327e82bc2","GEM: Glare or Gloom, I Can Still See You - End-to-End Multi-Modal Object Detection","Mazhar, O. (TU Delft Learning & Autonomous Control); Babuska, R. (TU Delft Learning & Autonomous Control; Czech Technical University); Kober, J. (TU Delft Learning & Autonomous Control)","","2021","Deep neural networks designed for vision tasks are often prone to failure when they encounter environmental conditions not covered by the training data. Single-modal strategies are insufficient when the sensor fails to acquire information due to malfunction or its design limitations. Multi-sensor configurations are known to provide redundancy, increase reliability, and are crucial in achieving robustness against asymmetric sensor failures. To address the issue of changing lighting conditions and asymmetric sensor degradation in object detection, we develop a multi-modal 2D object detector, and propose deterministic and stochastic sensor-aware feature fusion strategies. The proposed fusion mechanisms are driven by the estimated sensor measurement reliability values/weights. Reliable object detection in harsh lighting conditions is essential for applications such as self-driving vehicles and human-robot interaction. We also propose a new 'r-blended' hybrid depth modality for RGB-D sensors. Through extensive experimentation, we show that the proposed strategies outperform the existing state-of-the-art methods on the FLIR-Thermal dataset, and obtain promising results on the SUNRGB-D dataset. We additionally record a new RGB-Infra indoor dataset, namely L515-Indoors, and demonstrate that the proposed object detection methodologies are highly effective for a variety of lighting conditions.","computer vision for automation; deep learning for visual perception; object detection; RGB-D perception; segmentation and categorization; sensor fusion","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-12-30","","","Learning & Autonomous Control","","",""
"uuid:e23869a7-df5a-46c2-a711-dc8bba8170ff","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e23869a7-df5a-46c2-a711-dc8bba8170ff","The Legacy of Willem Beurs: Bridging the Gap between Art and Material Perception","Di Cicco, F. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design; Universiteit Utrecht)","","2022","Dutch Golden Age painters could convincingly depict all sorts of materials. How did they do it and how do we perceive them as such, are questions that only recently have started to be addressed by art historians and vision scientists, respectively. This paper aims to discuss how a booklet of pictorial recipes written by the Dutch painter Willem Beurs in 1692 constitutes an index of key image features for material depiction and perception. Beurs' recipes connect different materials according to their shared visual features, and offer the profiles, i.e., the optimal combinations, of these features to render a wide range of materials. By combining representation and perception, the knowledge of painters about the depiction of materials can help to understand the mechanisms of the visual system for material perception, and these in turn can explain the pictorial features that make the pictorial representation of materials so convincing. Keywords","Art and perception; material depiction; material perception; pictorial cues; seventeenth-century paintings; Willem Beurs","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human Information Communication Design","","",""
"uuid:245d7b13-58b1-460f-a764-f8b0239079ef","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:245d7b13-58b1-460f-a764-f8b0239079ef","Public Perceptions of Reuse of Faecal Sludge Co-Compost in Bhubaneswar, India","Singh, Shirish (IHE Delft Institute for Water Education); Ibrahim, Mohammed Ali (IHE Delft Institute for Water Education); Pawar, Sumeet (Waste Advisors, the Hague); Brdjanovic, Damir (TU Delft BT/Environmental Biotechnology; IHE Delft Institute for Water Education)","","2022","Although faecal sludge (FS) co-compost contains vital nutrients, there are several barriers limiting adoption and reuse of FS co-compost in agriculture. This study in Bhubaneswar found that health risk and bad odour were the two topmost negative perceptions of FS co-compost reuse. The main factors influencing farmers’ negative perceptions of FS co-compost were bad odour and fear of infection, whereas socio-cultural/religious beliefs and bad odour were the key factors influencing the negative perceptions of urban households practising kitchen gardening (UHPKG). Fear of infection and bad odour were the key factors influencing fertiliser retailers’ negative perceptions, while inadequate information, unavailability, and lack of government policy on FS co-compost reuse were the key factors influencing Farmer Producer Organisations’ negative perceptions. The majority of farmers (95%) and UHPKG (72%) were unwilling to consume food crops grown with FS co-compost, mainly because of feelings of disgust, fear of infection, and religious and socio-cultural beliefs.","co-compost; faecal sludge; perception","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","BT/Environmental Biotechnology","","",""
"uuid:2ca8b257-9c10-4b9f-81ac-861d238fc793","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2ca8b257-9c10-4b9f-81ac-861d238fc793","From warning messages to preparedness behavior: The role of risk perception and information interaction in the Covid-19 pandemic","Guo, Yanan (Harbin Institute of Technology); An, Shi (Harbin Institute of Technology); Comes, M. (TU Delft Transport and Logistics; TU Delft System Engineering)","","2022","During infectious disease outbreaks, early warning is crucial to prevent and control the further spread of the disease. While the different waves of the Covid-19 pandemic have demonstrated the need for continued compliance, little is known about the impact of warning messages and risk perception on individual behavior in public health emergencies. To address this gap, this paper uses data from the second wave of Covid-19 in China to analyse how warning information influences preventive behavior through four categories risk perception and information interaction. Drawing on the protective action decision model (PADM) and the social amplification of risk framework (SARF), risk warning information (content, channel, and type), risk perception (threat perception, hazard- and resource-related preparedness behavior perception and stakeholder perception), information interaction, and preparedness behavior intention are integrated into a comprehensive model. To test our model, we run a survey with 724 residents in Northern China. The results show that hazard-related preparedness behavior perception and stakeholder perception act as mediators between warning and preventive action. Stakeholder perception had much stronger mediating effects than the hazard-related attributes. In addition, information interaction is effective in increasing all categories risk perception, stimulating public response, while functioning as a mediator for warning. The risk warning information content, channel, and type are identified as key drivers of risk perception. The research found that information channel was more related to different risk perception than other characteristics. Overall, these associations in our model explain core mechanisms behind compliance and allow policy-makers to gain new insights into preventive risk communication in public health emergencies.","Early warning system; Information interaction; Preparedness behavior; Risk communication; Risk perception; Variants Covid-19","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2022-09-05","","","Transport and Logistics","","",""
"uuid:19f0ebb7-1a77-4dec-ab80-90e141cbf164","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:19f0ebb7-1a77-4dec-ab80-90e141cbf164","For Me or for My Relatives? Approximating Self-Protection and Local Altruistic Motivations Underlying Preferences for Public Health Policies Using Risk Perception Metrics","Daniel, A.M. (TU Delft Transport and Logistics); Mouter, N. (TU Delft Transport and Logistics); Chorus, C.G. (TU Delft Engineering, Systems and Services)","","2022","Objectives: Research efforts evaluating the role of altruistic motivations behind health policy support are usually based on direct preference elicitation procedures, which may be biased. We propose an indirect measurement approach to approximate self-protection–related and altruistic motivations underlying preferences for public health policies. Methods: Our new approach relies on associations between on the one hand decision makers’ perceived health risk for themselves and for close relatives and on the other hand their observed preferences for health policies that reduce such risks. The approach allows to make a rough distinction between health-related self-protection and local altruistic motives behind preferences for health policies. We illustrate our approach using data obtained from a discrete choice experiment in the context of policies to relax coronavirus-related lockdown measures in The Netherlands. Results: Our results show that the approach is able to uncover that (1) people who think they have a high chance of experiencing health risks from a COVID-19 infection are more willing to accept a societal or personal sacrifice, (2) people with a higher health risk perception for their relatives have a higher willingness to accept sacrifices than people with a higher health risk perception for themselves, and (3) people who perceive that they have a high risk of dying of COVID-19 have a higher willingness to accept sacrifices than those anticipating less severe consequences of COVID-19. Conclusions: Our method offers a useful proxy metric to distinguish health-related self-protection and local altruism as drivers of citizens’ responses to healthcare policies.","discrete choice; health policy; local altruism; risk perception; self-protection","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","Engineering, Systems and Services","Transport and Logistics","","",""
"uuid:77ab2c7c-985b-4ce7-a05a-32c0ae44c5df","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:77ab2c7c-985b-4ce7-a05a-32c0ae44c5df","Perceived and actual travel times in a multi-modal urban public transport network: comparing survey and AVL data","Brands, T. (TU Delft Transport and Planning; Goudappel Mobility Consultants); Dixit, M. (TU Delft Transport and Planning); Zúñiga, Edgard (Student TU Delft); van Oort, N. (TU Delft Transport and Planning)","","2022","Perceived travel times of travelers are usually longer than actually realized travel times, implying that passengers’ experience of travel time savings is different from objectively calculated savings. This study provides additional empirical evidence on this topic, by comparing the passengers’ perceived travel times reported in an (online) survey with their corresponding actual in-vehicle travel times from Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) data. The case study involves the metro, tram and bus network of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. On average, travelers perceive their travel time to be 1.9 min (11%) longer than their actual realized travel time. The perceived values match the scheduled values slightly better than the actually realized values. Furthermore, we found a larger travel time over-perception for metro compared to tram and bus. This is a counter-intuitive result, since the metro has been found to have a less negative travel time perception than busses in the public transport choice modelling literature. When the travel purpose is considered, the leisure time purposes recreation and shopping have a significantly smaller travel time over-perception than work-related journeys. Opening a new metro line did not have a significant influence on the travel time perception of travelers in Amsterdam.","Travel survey data; Travel time perception; Urban public transport; Vehicle location data","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Transport and Planning","","",""
"uuid:4a2d9ef5-60f7-44d8-b29a-ccf67a8bc842","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4a2d9ef5-60f7-44d8-b29a-ccf67a8bc842","Gesture in the eye of the beholder: An eye-tracking study on factors determining the attention for gestures produced by people with aphasia","van Nispen, K. (TU Delft Instituut voor Talen en Academische Vaardigheden; Tilburg University); Sekine, Kazuki (Waseda University); van der Meulen, Ineke (Erasmus MC; Rijndam Rehabilitation Center); Preisig, Basil C. (University of Zürich)","","2022","Co-speech hand gestures are an ubiquitous form of nonverbal communication, which can express additional information that is not present in speech. Hand gestures may become more relevant when verbal production is impaired, as in speakers with post-stroke aphasia. In fact, speakers with aphasia produce more gestures than non-brain damaged speakers. Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that speakers with aphasia produce gestures that convey information essential to understand their communication. In the present study, we addressed the question whether these gestures catch the attention of their addressees. Healthy volunteers (observers) watched short video clips while their eye movements were recorded. These video clips featured speakers with aphasia and non-brain damaged speakers describing two different scenarios (buying a sweater or having witnessed an accident). Our results show that hand gestures produced by speakers with aphasia are on average attended to longer than gestures produced by non-brain damaged speakers. This effect was significant even when we controlled for the longer duration of the gestural movements in speakers with aphasia. Further, the amount of information in speech was also correlated with gesture attention. That is gestures produced by speakers with less informative speech were attended to more frequently. In conclusion, our findings suggest that listeners reallocate their attention and focus more strongly on non-verbal information from co-speech gestures if speech comprehension becomes challenging due to the speaker's verbal production deficits. These findings support a communicative function of co-speech gestures and advocate for instructing people with aphasia to communicate things in the form of gestures that cannot be expressed verbally because interlocutors take notice of these gestures.","Aphasia; Attention; Eye movements; Gestures; Multimodal communication; Speech perception","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","Instituut voor Talen en Academische Vaardigheden","","","",""
"uuid:613f3694-b5a6-4816-86b1-54124550e56f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:613f3694-b5a6-4816-86b1-54124550e56f","Deconvolution of the Functional Ultrasound Response in the Mouse Visual Pathway Using Block-Term Decomposition","Erol, A. (TU Delft Signal Processing Systems); Soloukey, Chagajeg (Erasmus MC); Generowicz, Bastian (Erasmus MC); van Dorp, Nikki (Erasmus MC); Koekkoek, Sebastiaan (Erasmus MC); Kruizinga, P. (Erasmus MC); Hunyadi, Borbala (TU Delft Signal Processing Systems)","","2022","Functional ultrasound (fUS) indirectly measures brain activity by detecting changes in cerebral blood volume following neural activation. Conventional approaches model such functional neuroimaging data as the convolution between an impulse response, known as the hemodynamic response function (HRF), and a binarized representation of the input signal based on the stimulus onsets, the so-called experimental paradigm (EP). However, the EP may not characterize the whole complexity of the activity-inducing signals that evoke the hemodynamic changes. Furthermore, the HRF is known to vary across brain areas and stimuli. To achieve an adaptable framework that can capture such dynamics of the brain function, we model the multivariate fUS time-series as convolutive mixtures and apply block-term decomposition on a set of lagged fUS autocorrelation matrices, revealing both the region-specific HRFs and the source signals that induce the hemodynamic responses. We test our approach on two mouse-based fUS experiments. In the first experiment, we present a single type of visual stimulus to the mouse, and deconvolve the fUS signal measured within the mouse brain’s lateral geniculate nucleus, superior colliculus and visual cortex. We show that the proposed method is able to recover back the time instants at which the stimulus was displayed, and we validate the estimated region-specific HRFs based on prior studies. In the second experiment, we alter the location of the visual stimulus displayed to the mouse, and aim at differentiating the various stimulus locations over time by identifying them as separate sources.","Deconvolution; Fensor decomposition; Functional ultrasound; Hemodynamic response function; Mouse; Visual perception","en","journal article","","","","","","Corrigendum see: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12021-022-09619-x","","","","","Signal Processing Systems","","",""
"uuid:13b573cf-1a9e-43af-ae4c-69480ad1bfe7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:13b573cf-1a9e-43af-ae4c-69480ad1bfe7","Gap Detection in Pairs of Ultrasound Mid-air Vibrotactile Stimuli","Howard, Thomas (Université de Rennes); Driller, K.K. (TU Delft Applied Ergonomics and Design); Frier, William (Ultraleap, Bristol); Pacchierotti, Claudio (Université de Rennes); Marchal, Maud (Université de Rennes); Hartcher-O'Brien, J. (TU Delft Applied Ergonomics and Design)","","2023","Ultrasound mid-air haptic (UMH) devices are a novel tool for haptic feedback, capable of providing localized vibrotactile stimuli to users at a distance. UMH applications largely rely on generating tactile shape outlines on the users' skin. Here we investigate how to achieve sensations of continuity or gaps within such two-dimensional curves by studying the perception of pairs of amplitude-modulated focused ultrasound stimuli. On the one hand, we aim to investigate perceptual effects that may arise from providing simultaneous UMH stimuli. On the other hand, we wish to provide perception-based rendering guidelines for generating continuous or discontinuous sensations of tactile shapes. Finally, we hope to contribute toward a measure of the perceptually achievable resolution of UMH interfaces. We performed a user study to identify how far apart two focal points need to be to elicit a perceptual experience of two distinct stimuli separated by a gap. Mean gap detection thresholds were found at 32.3-mm spacing between focal points, but a high within- and between-subject variability was observed. Pairs spaced below 15 mm were consistently (>95%) perceived as a single stimulus, while pairs spaced 45 mm apart were consistently (84%) perceived as two separate stimuli. To investigate the observed variability, we resort to acoustic simulations of the resulting pressure fields. These show a non-linear evolution of actual peak pressure spacing as a function of nominal focal point spacing. Beyond an initial threshold in spacing (between 15 and 18 mm), which we believe to be related to the perceived size of a focal point, the probability of detecting a gap between focal points appears to linearly increase with spacing. Our work highlights physical interactions and perceptual effects to consider when designing or investigating the perception of UMH shapes.","haptic perception; mid-air haptics; Ultrasound haptics","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","Applied Ergonomics and Design","","",""
"uuid:73e633b5-7091-4369-8ba0-d5d3f0658e86","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:73e633b5-7091-4369-8ba0-d5d3f0658e86","Why we like to touch: Consumers' tactile esthetic appreciation explained by a balanced combination of unity and variety in product designs","Post, Ruben A.G. (External organisation); Blijlevens, Janneke (Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology); Hekkert, P.P.M. (TU Delft Design Aesthetics); Saakes, Daniel (University of Twente); Arango, Luis (Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology)","","2023","Tactile experiences are a pivotal part of consumer behavior and choice. However, very little is known about why consumers esthetically appreciate touching products. The principle of Unity-in-Variety, stating that consumers like to perceive variety but only when this variety is presented as a coherent whole, has been shown to partly explain consumers' esthetic appreciation in the visual domain. We theorize that the psychological mechanisms underlying the esthetic principle of Unity-in-Variety are modality-independent, and therefore that this principle also applies to consumers' tactile esthetic appreciation. Across three studies, using existing products and novel 3D printed product designs systematically manipulated along the perceptual dimensions of unity and variety, we show that both unity and variety independently contribute to tactile esthetic appreciation. Furthermore, because unity and variety are inherently partial opposites, esthetic appreciation of products is highest when both unity and variety are simultaneously maximized.","esthetic appreciation; Gestalt laws; product design; tactile perception","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Design Aesthetics","","",""
"uuid:33e256bd-ba1b-4666-9627-2abbba41d0b0","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:33e256bd-ba1b-4666-9627-2abbba41d0b0","Public space privatisation: are users concerned?","Leclercq, E.M. (TU Delft Design & Construction Management); Pojani, Dorina (University of Queensland)","","2021","Academics have decried the erosion of public space under the neoliberal practices that have taken root since the 1980s in cities around the world. However, it is unclear whether users are concerned about the ownership of the urban spaces they use. To find out, this study surveyed users and observed their behaviour in three types of public spaces in Liverpool, UK: one entirely private development, one public-private partnership, and one urban renewal project taken over by a grassroots organization. The findings indicate that users appreciate privatised areas for the pleasant, clean, and safe environment they offer, as well as for the socialising opportunities. At the same time, privatised spaces send subtle signals to users that certain activities, people, or behaviours are not tolerated or encouraged. To reinforce the democratic essence of public space, values of appropriation should be safeguarded in all types of urban spaces, including privately produced ones.","environmental psychology; Liverpool, United Kingdom; public space privatization; Urban redevelopment; user perceptions","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Design & Construction Management","","",""
"uuid:20b2cfd8-d86c-4493-9c8d-d5015b01d5ab","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:20b2cfd8-d86c-4493-9c8d-d5015b01d5ab","Towards Attention-aware Foveated Rendering","Krajancich, Brooke (Stanford University); Kellnhofer, P. (TU Delft Computer Graphics and Visualisation); Wetzstein, Gordon (Stanford University)","","2023","Foveated graphics is a promising approach to solving the bandwidth challenges of immersive virtual and augmented reality displays by exploiting the falloff in spatial acuity in the periphery of the visual field. However, the perceptual models used in these applications neglect the effects of higherlevel cognitive processing, namely the allocation of visual attention, and are thus overestimating sensitivity in the periphery in many scenarios. Here, we introduce the first attention-aware model of contrast sensitivity. We conduct user studies to measure contrast sensitivity under different attention distributions and show that sensitivity in the periphery drops significantly when the user is required to allocate attention to the fovea. We motivate the development of future foveation models with another user study and demonstrate that tolerance for foveation in the periphery is significantly higher when the user is concentrating on a task in the fovea. Analysis of our model predicts significant bandwidth savings over those afforded by current models. As such, our work forms the foundation for attention-aware foveated graphics techniques.","applied perception; augmented reality; foveated compression; foveated rendering; virtual reality; visual attention","en","journal article","","","","","","","","2024-01-08","","","Computer Graphics and Visualisation","","",""
"uuid:95d689fe-c618-448a-91a7-13a0bfd9bdfe","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:95d689fe-c618-448a-91a7-13a0bfd9bdfe","How information stimulates homeowners’ cooperation in residential building energy retrofits in China","Jia, L. (TU Delft Housing Quality and Process Innovation); Qian, QK (TU Delft Housing Quality and Process Innovation); Meijer, F.M. (TU Delft Housing Quality and Process Innovation); Visscher, H.J. (TU Delft Housing Quality and Process Innovation)","","2021","The process of residential energy retrofitting needs to be advanced, especially in the hot summer and cold winter (HSCW) zone of China. Good cooperation from homeowners is the key to the smooth project implementation. Some studies have identified four categories of information as important factors affecting homeowners' decision-making in retrofitting. Such information can improve homeowners' cooperation to some extent. This paper investigates the nature of this influence mechanism of retrofitting information, so as to stimulate homeowners' cooperation. The authors, first, explain how the direct relationship between information and homeowners' level of cooperation is validated. Second, under the mediation role of risk perception, we verify the indirect influence of such information. Third, we analyse the variation in the strength of the relationships between information and homeowners' cooperation under the influence of source credibility. It is concluded that providing information on retrofitting benefits and service is more effective for improving homeowners’ cooperation. The integrity of building quality information and the understandability, to the homeowners, of technology information need to be considered. Priority should be given to the sources of expert knowledge and published resources, because they are perceived by homeowners to be relatively credible. Policy suggestions are proposed based on the results.","Building energy retrofitting; Homeowners' cooperation; Information source credibility; Retrofitting information; Risk perception","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Housing Quality and Process Innovation","","",""
"uuid:0fb8c6cf-63ef-41c0-aaf5-9e58b7736479","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0fb8c6cf-63ef-41c0-aaf5-9e58b7736479","Understanding influences on entrepreneurship educator role identity","Brush, Candida (Arthur M. Blank Center, Wellesley, Massachusetts); Wraae, Birgitte (UCL University College); Nikou, S. (TU Delft Responsible Marketing and Consumer Behavior; Åbo Akademi University)","","2024","Purpose: Despite the considerable increase in research on entrepreneurship education, few studies examine the role of entrepreneurship educators. Similarly, most frameworks from entrepreneurship education recognize the educator’s importance in facilitating instruction and assessment, but the factors influencing the educator role are not well understood. According to the identity theory, personal factors including self-efficacy, job satisfaction and personal values influence the perspective of self, significance and anticipations that an individual in this role associates with it, determining their planning and actions. The stronger the role identity the more likely entrepreneurship educators will be in effectively developing their entrepreneurial skills as well as the overall learning experience of their students. The objective of this study is to pinpoint the factors that affect entrepreneurial role identity. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing upon the identity theory, this study developed a theoretical framework and carried out an empirical investigation involving a survey of 289 entrepreneurship educators across the globe. Structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was applied to analyze and explore the factors that impact the identity of the educators in their role as entrepreneurship teachers. Findings: The findings show that the role identity of entrepreneurship educators is significantly influenced by their self-efficacy, job satisfaction and personal values. Among these factors, self-efficacy and job satisfaction have the most significant impacts on how educators perceive their role. The implications of these results and directions for future research are also discussed. Originality/value: The novelty of the current study is derived from its conceptualization of the antecedents of role perception among entrepreneurship educators. This study stands out as one of the earliest attempts to investigate the factors that shape an individual’s scene of self and professional identity as an entrepreneurship educator. The significance of comprehending the antecedents of role perception lies in the insights it can offer into how educators undertake and execute their role, and consequently, their effectiveness in teaching entrepreneurship.","Entrepreneurship; entrepreneurship educator; role identity; Role perception; Self-efficacy","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Responsible Marketing and Consumer Behavior","","",""
"uuid:9232b827-8944-4ce5-8d5c-41e336b96d23","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9232b827-8944-4ce5-8d5c-41e336b96d23","How do dutch drivers perceive horizontal curves on freeway interchanges and which cues influence their speed choice?","Vos, J. (TU Delft Transport and Planning); Farah, H. (TU Delft Transport and Planning); Hagenzieker, Marjan (TU Delft Transport and Planning)","","2021","Operating speeds in Dutch freeway curves differ often by 20 km/h compared to their design speeds. Operating speed is thought to be influenced by how drivers perceive curves when approaching a curve. This explorative research explores which curve cues and other variables influence drivers’ speed choice in curves. For this purpose, a survey was designed with 28 sets of curve comparisons. The curves were chosen from interchanges in the Netherlands and were compared to each other. To avoid direction bias, the curves were right turning only. In each set illustrations of two different curves out of a total of 8 curves were shown, and the participants were asked in which curve they would drive faster. In total 819 participants in the age range of 18 and 78 (mean=41.3; Std.=11.9) completed the survey. The survey data showed four common categories of curve cues and variables influencing the decision to drive faster, of which those in the category of the road environment and its surroundings were mentioned the most. The top three variables influencing speed choice are visibility of curve characteristics, “overview” as a holistic but as such hard to measure variable, and number of lanes. Variables such as presence of signage and trees were also mentioned frequently by the respondents. Geometric road characteristics such as curve radius and deflection angle were identified by the respondents as influencing variables, but only showing to affect speed selection when these are visible to the driver and not obscured by trees or other elements. This suggests combinations of geometric and surrounding elements are needed to get a better understanding of speed selection by drivers.","Curve perception; Driver behaviour; Freeway curves; Speed selection; Trajectory view; Visible angle","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Transport and Planning","","",""
"uuid:ebd6177f-bfff-4b3e-b34b-d494e5586a5b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ebd6177f-bfff-4b3e-b34b-d494e5586a5b","Critical factors for effective resident participation in neighborhood rehabilitation in Wuhan, China: From the perspectives of diverse stakeholders","Li, Y. (TU Delft Design & Construction Management); Tao, Y. (University of Cambridge); Qian, QK (TU Delft Design & Construction Management); Mlecnik, E. (TU Delft Real Estate Management); Visscher, H.J. (TU Delft Design & Construction Management)","","2024","Resident participation is essential for neighborhood rehabilitation. It requires the active involvement of residents and efficient management by organizers. To improve the effectiveness of resident participation, it is necessary to understand the critical success factors (CSFs) underlying it. However, previous research has examined the critical factors from a single-stakeholder perspective, overlooking potential differences in perceptions among stakeholders with diverse roles and rehabilitation experiences. Based on 30 interviews and 255 questionnaires from six stakeholder groups in Wuhan, China, this study explores how the perception of critical factors for effective resident participation varies among local government, community-based organization, designer, contractor, consulting party, and resident. Thirty-seven factors were identified and compared among the stakeholders. Financial Incentive (for participation organizers) was identified as the most critical factor for effective resident participation, followed by Information Disclosure and Transparency, and Trust. Results from the analysis of variance (ANOVA) show that the six groups differed significantly in the importance of most factors (25/37), especially in Participant Education and Prejudice against the Working Group. Interview results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic and rehabilitation experience changed stakeholders’ perceived importance of some factors. Specifically, in future RP initiatives, extra emphasis could be placed on Trait and Capacity (of the working group) and Participation-assistance Technologies. Stakeholders regarded these two factors as more critical as their rehabilitation experience accumulated. By understanding stakeholders' conflicting and changing perceptions of effective resident participation, suggestions were proposed to each stakeholder group to fulfill their distinct participation objectives and improve the overall effectiveness of participation practices.","resident participation; neighborhood rehabilitation; Critical success factor (CSF); stakeholder perception; COVID-19 pandemic; China","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Design & Construction Management","","",""
"uuid:ab29a73f-97bb-4619-b6a5-e51470c2817e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ab29a73f-97bb-4619-b6a5-e51470c2817e","Secure or usable computers? Revealing employees’ perceptions and trade-offs by means of a discrete choice experiment","Molin, E.J.E. (TU Delft Transport and Logistics); Meeuwisse, Kirsten (Deloitte); Pieters, W. (TU Delft Safety and Security Science); Chorus, C.G. (TU Delft Transport and Logistics)","","2018","It is often suggested in the literature that employees regard technical security measures (TSMs) as user-unfriendly, indicating a trade-off between security and usability. However, there is little empirical evidence of such a trade-off, nor about the strength of the associated negative correlation and the importance employees attach to both properties. This paper intends to fill these knowledge gaps by studying employees’ trade-offs concerning the usability and security of TSMs within a discrete choice experiment (DCE) framework. In our DCE, employees are asked to indicate the most preferred security packages that describe combinations of TSMs. In addition, security and usability perceptions of the security packages are explicitly measured and modelled. The models estimated from these observed responses indicate how each TSM affects perceived security, perceived usability and preference. The paper further illustrates how the modelling results can be applied to design highly secure packages that are still preferred by employees. The paper also makes a methodological contribution to the literature by introducing discrete choice experiments to the field of information security.","Discrete choice experiments; Discrete choice models; Employees’ preferences; Information security; Security measures; Security perception; Usability perception","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2018-10-06","","","Transport and Logistics","","",""
"uuid:cc0d888d-66ba-4dc4-9bbf-f47121ad752a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cc0d888d-66ba-4dc4-9bbf-f47121ad752a","Clustering of Dutch school children based on their preferences and needs of the IEQ in classrooms","Zhang, D. (TU Delft Indoor Environment); Ortiz, Marco A. (TU Delft Indoor Environment); Bluyssen, P.M. (TU Delft Indoor Environment)","","2019","Background: It is well-known that indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in classrooms can have an effect on school children's comfort, health and performance. Unfortunately, information about the school children's perception of IEQ factors in their classrooms is still insufficient. The objective of this study was to better understand school children's IEQ preferences and needs in classrooms. Methods: Perceptions, preferences, and needs regarding the IEQ in classrooms were collected by a questionnaire from 1145 school children (9–12 years) in 21 primary schools (54 classrooms) in the Netherlands. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and two-step cluster analysis were used to analyse the data. Results: Using two-step cluster analysis, this study identified six clusters (profiles) of children based on their comfort perceptions and the importance of environmental factors. Among them, four clusters of children had specific concerns related to the IEQ factors: the ‘Sound concerned cluster’ the ‘Smell and Sound concerned cluster’ the ‘Thermal and Draught concerned cluster’ and the ‘Light concerned cluster’. However, the other two clusters of children did not show a specific concern, the ‘All concerned cluster’ was concerned about all IEQ factors in the classroom, while the ‘Nothing concerned cluster’ did not show any concern. Conclusion: This study allows for a better understanding of the preferences and needs of primary school children from their own perspective and provides a foundation for future studies to improve both the IEQ in classrooms and school children's comfort and health.","Indoor environmental quality; Perception; Questionnaire; School children's perspective; Two-step cluster analysis","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Indoor Environment","","",""
"uuid:5746862e-6d5f-41c6-a38f-1959956550e8","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5746862e-6d5f-41c6-a38f-1959956550e8","Visual Light Zones","Kartashova, T. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); de Ridder, H. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design); te Pas, S.F. (Universiteit Utrecht); Pont, S.C. (TU Delft Human Information Communication Design)","","2018","In this article, we studied perception of a particular case of light fields that is characterized by a difference in its consistent structure between parts of a scene. In architectural lighting design, such a consistent structure in a part of a light field is called a light zone. First, we explored whether human observers are sensitive to light zones, that is, zones determined primarily by light flow differences, for a natural-looking scene. We found that observers were able to distinguish the light conditions between the zones. The results suggested an effect of light zones’ orientation. Therefore, in Experiment 2, we systematically examined how the orientation of light zones (left-right or front-back) with respect to a viewer influences light inferences in symmetric scenes. We found that observers are quite sensitive to the difference in the light flow of the light zones. In addition, we found that participants showed idiosyncratic behavior, especially for front-back-oriented light zones. Our findings show that observers are sensitive to differences in light field structure between two parts of a scene, which we call visual light zones.","illumination; light; light field; light properties; light zones; visual perception","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human Information Communication Design","","",""
"uuid:93197ca6-3513-4278-91eb-fb09a84b106f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:93197ca6-3513-4278-91eb-fb09a84b106f","Interaction between pedestrians and automated vehicles: A Wizard of Oz experiment","Rodríguez Palmeiro, A. (TU Delft Transport and Planning); Van der Kint, S. (SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research); Vissers, Luuk (SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research); Farah, H. (TU Delft Transport and Planning); de Winter, J.C.F. (TU Delft Biomechatronics & Human-Machine Control); Hagenzieker, Marjan (TU Delft Transport and Planning; SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research)","","2018","Automated vehicles (AVs) will be introduced on public roads in the future, meaning that traditional vehicles and AVs will be sharing the urban space. There is currently little knowledge about the interaction between pedestrians and AVs from the point of view of the pedestrian in a real-life environment. Pedestrians may not know with which type of vehicle they are interacting, potentially leading to stress and altered crossing decisions. For example, pedestrians may show elevated stress and conservative crossing behavior when the AV driver does not make eye contact and performs a non-driving task instead. It is also possible that pedestrians assume that an AV would always yield (leading to short critical gaps). This study aimed to determine pedestrians’ crossing decisions when interacting with an AV as compared to when interacting with a traditional vehicle. We performed a study on a closed road section where participants (N = 24) encountered a Wizard of Oz AV and a traditional vehicle in a within-subject design. In the Wizard of Oz setup, a fake ‘driver’ sat on the driver seat while the vehicle was driven by the passenger by means of a joystick. Twenty scenarios were studied regarding vehicle conditions (traditional vehicle, ‘driver’ reading a newspaper, inattentive driver in a vehicle with “self-driving” sign on the roof, inattentive driver in a vehicle with “self-driving” signs on the hood and door, attentive driver), vehicle behavior (stopping vs. not stopping), and approach direction (left vs. right). Participants experienced each scenario once, in a randomized order. This allowed assessing the behavior of participants when interacting with AVs for the first time (no previous training or experience). Post-experiment interviews showed that about half of the participants thought that the vehicle was (sometimes) driven automatically. Measurements of the participants’ critical gap (i.e., the gap below which the participant will not attempt to begin crossing the street) and self-reported level of stress showed no statistically significant differences between the vehicle conditions. However, results from a post-experiment questionnaire indicated that most participants did perceive differences in vehicle appearance, and reported to have been influenced by these features. Future research could adopt more fine-grained behavioral measures, such as eye tracking, to determine how pedestrians react to AVs. Furthermore, we recommend examining the effectiveness of dynamic AV-to-pedestrian communication, such as artificial lights and gestures.","Automated vehicles; Gap acceptance; Pedestrians; Perception; Road safety","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2019-02-16","","","Transport and Planning","","",""
"uuid:0f97b7aa-151b-4060-97a0-c88849e9b3c2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0f97b7aa-151b-4060-97a0-c88849e9b3c2","Predicting willingness to pay and implement different rooftop strategies to characterize social perception of climate change mitigation and adaptation","Untereiner, Erin (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona); Toboso Chavero, S.T.C.H. (TU Delft Integral Design & Management; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam); Fariñas, Ana Vázquez (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona); Madrid-Lopez, Cristina (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona); Villalba, Gara (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona); Durany, Xavier Gabarrell (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)","","2024","With the latest IPCC report, dramatic global climate action must be taken immediately to limit global warming to 1.5 °C, or face more frequent and extreme weather events with catastrophic implications. Cities must invest in climate resilience development; however, government policies are only effective if they are supported by the society in which they serve. As such, this study aims to characterize the social perception of climate resilience development, in particular the implementation of sustainable urban rooftop strategies, to support policy makers and enable individual action. This was accomplished through the analysis of 1,100 answered surveys in Cerdanyola del Vallès (Spain), to assess one’s willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to implement (WTI) rooftop strategies according to: 1. socio-demographical characteristics; 2. social perceptions and beliefs; and 3. surrounding land use and land cover, and vulnerabilities identified through temperature and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) maps. The results of this study found age played a significant role in predictability, with 18-39-year-olds being the most willing to pay and implement the various rooftop scenarios. However, our results uncovered societal inequality as those 85+ were the second group most interested in rooftop agriculture but the most financially restricted. Belief in the viability of rooftop strategies increased respondents WTP and WTI while having access to ones’ rooftop increased willingness to partake in rooftop food cultivation and enhance rooftop greenery. A new finding presented by this study is the quantifiable impact that urban greenery plays on increasing survey respondents WTP and WTI.","circular cities; public perception; socio-ecological systems; urban agriculture; urban ecology; urban green infrastructure","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Integral Design & Management","","",""
"uuid:ac0ac081-fa22-4b7e-a1fa-5bc09719ac45","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ac0ac081-fa22-4b7e-a1fa-5bc09719ac45","A Role of Peripheral Vision in Chess? Evidence from a Gaze-contingent Method","de Winter, J.C.F. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction); Koelmans, T.A. (Student TU Delft); Kokshoorn, M.H.J.L. (Student TU Delft); van der Valk, K.P. (Student TU Delft); Vos, Willem; Dodou, D. (TU Delft Medical Instruments & Bio-Inspired Technology); Eisma, Y.B. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction)","","2023","Chunking theory and previous eye-tracking studies suggest that expert chess players use peripheral vision to judge chess positions and determine the best moves to play. However, the role of peripheral vision in chess has largely been inferred rather than tested through controlled experimentation. In this study, we used a gaze-contingent paradigm in a reconstruction task, similar to the one initially used by De Groot (1946). It was hypothesized that the smaller the gaze-contingent window while memorizing a chess position, the smaller the differences in reconstruction accuracy between novice and expert players. Participants viewed 30 chess positions for 20 seconds, after which they reconstructed this position. This was done for four different window sizes as well as for full visibility of the board. The results, as measured by Cohen’s d effect sizes between experts and novices of the proportion of correctly placed pieces, supported the above hypothesis, with experts performing much better but losing much of their performance advantage for the smallest window size. A complementary find-the-best-move task and additional eye-movement analyses showed that experts had a longer median fixation duration and more spatially concentrated scan patterns than novice players. These findings suggest a key contribution of peripheral vision and are consistent with the prevailing chunking theory.","Chess; eye movements; eye-tracking; expertise; gaze-contingent method; memory; perception","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human-Robot Interaction","","",""
"uuid:6452baac-9e5f-43a8-9efc-b2d61a0355bd","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6452baac-9e5f-43a8-9efc-b2d61a0355bd","Risk perception: A study using dashcam videos and participants from different world regions","Bazilinskyy, P. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction); Eisma, Y.B. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction); Dodou, D. (TU Delft Medical Instruments & Bio-Inspired Technology); de Winter, J.C.F. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction)","","2020","Objective: Research has shown that perceived risk is a vital variable in the understanding of road traffic safety. Having experience in a particular traffic environment can be expected to affect perceived risk. More specifically, drivers may readily recognize traffic hazards when driving in their own world region, resulting in high perceived risk (the expertise hypothesis). Oppositely, drivers may be desensitized to traffic hazards that are common in their own world region, resulting in low perceived risk (the desensitization hypothesis). This study investigated whether participants experienced higher or lower perceived risk for traffic situations from their region compared to traffic situations from other regions. Methods: In a crowdsourcing experiment, participants viewed dashcam videos from four regions: India, Venezuela, United States, and Western Europe. Participants had to press a key when they felt the situation was risky. Results: Data were obtained from 800 participants, with 52 participants from India, 75 from Venezuela, 79 from the United States, 32 from Western Europe, and 562 from other countries. The results provide support for the desensitization hypothesis. For example, participants from India perceived low risk for hazards (e.g., a stationary car on the highway) that were perceived as risky by participants from other regions. At the same time, support for the expertise hypothesis was obtained, as participants in some cases detected hazards that were specific to their own region (e.g., participants from Venezuela detected inconspicuous roadworks in a Venezuelan city better than did participants from other regions). Conclusion: We found support for the desensitization hypothesis and the expertise hypothesis. These findings have implications for cross-cultural hazard perception research.","crowdsourcing; hazard perception; perceived risk; risk desensitization; road safety","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human-Robot Interaction","","",""
"uuid:f14370b9-f89d-49c3-bc5a-02ddbbac848e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f14370b9-f89d-49c3-bc5a-02ddbbac848e","Responses to Raven matrices: Governed by visual complexity and centrality","de Winter, J.C.F. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction); Dodou, D. (TU Delft Medical Instruments & Bio-Inspired Technology); Eisma, Y.B. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction)","","2023","Raven matrices are widely considered a pure test of cognitive abilities. Previous research has examined the extent to which cognitive strategies are predictive of the number of correct responses to Raven items. This study examined whether response times can be explained directly from the centrality and visual complexity of the matrix cells (edge density and perceived complexity). A total of 159 participants completed a 12-item version of the Raven Advanced Progressive Matrices. In addition to item number (an index of item difficulty), the findings demonstrated a positive correlation between the visual complexity of Raven items and both the mean response time and the number of fixations on the matrix (a strong correlate of response time). Moreover, more centrally placed cells as well as more complex cells received more fixations. It is concluded that response times on Raven matrices are impacted by low-level stimulus attributes, namely, visual complexity and eccentricity.","attention distribution; eye tracking; perception; Raven Advanced Progressive Matrices; visual complexity","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human-Robot Interaction","","",""
"uuid:0c552eb0-3c68-4686-9e70-763462bef62b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0c552eb0-3c68-4686-9e70-763462bef62b","The Social Acceptance of Airborne Wind Energy: A Literature Review","Schmidt, H.S. (TU Delft Wind Energy); de Vries, G. (TU Delft Organisation & Governance); Schmehl, R. (TU Delft Wind Energy); Renes, Reint Jan (Hogeschool van Amsterdam)","","2022","Airborne wind energy (AWE) systems use tethered flying devices to harvest higher-altitude winds to produce electricity. For the success of the technology, it is crucial to understand how people perceive and respond to it. If concerns about the technology are not taken seriously, it could delay or prevent implementation, resulting in increased costs for project developers and a lower contribution to renewable energy targets. This literature review assessed the current state of knowledge on the social acceptance of AWE. A systematic literature search led to the identification of 40 relevant publications that were reviewed. The literature expected that the safety, visibility, acoustic emissions, ecological impacts, and the siting of AWE systems impact to which extent the technology will be accepted. The reviewed literature viewed the social acceptance of AWE optimistically but lacked scientific evidence to back up its claims. It seemed to overlook the fact that the impact of AWE’s characteristics (e.g., visibility) on people’s responses will also depend on a range of situational and psychological factors (e.g., the planning process, the community’s trust in project developers). Therefore, empirical social science research is needed to increase the field’s understanding of the acceptance of AWE and thereby facilitate development and deployment.","airborne wind energy; opposition; perception; acceptability; acceptance; renewable energy","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Wind Energy","","",""
"uuid:a4aa8142-b4bd-43d5-98a4-3e4bbd4b98a5","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a4aa8142-b4bd-43d5-98a4-3e4bbd4b98a5","The role of vision in sensory integration models for predicting motion perception and sickness","Kotian, V. (TU Delft Intelligent Vehicles); Irmak, T. (TU Delft Intelligent Vehicles; University Medical Center Utrecht); Pool, D.M. (TU Delft Control & Simulation); Happee, R. (TU Delft Intelligent Vehicles)","","2024","Users of automated vehicles will engage in other activities and take their eyes off the road, making them prone to motion sickness. To resolve this, the current paper validates models predicting sickness in response to motion and visual conditions. We validate published models of vestibular and visual sensory integration that have been used for predicting motion sickness through sensory conflict. We use naturalistic driving data and laboratory motion (and vection) paradigms, such as sinusoidal translation and rotation at different frequencies, Earth-Vertical Axis Rotation, Off-Vertical Axis Rotation, Centrifugation, Somatogravic Illusion, and Pseudo-Coriolis, to evaluate different models for both motion perception and motion sickness. We investigate the effects of visual motion perception in terms of rotational velocity (visual flow) and verticality. According to our findings, the SVCI model, a 6DOF model based on the Subjective Vertical Conflict (SVC) theory, with visual rotational velocity input is effective at estimating motion sickness. However, it does not correctly replicate motion perception in paradigms such as roll-tilt perception during centrifuge, pitch perception during somatogravic illusion, and pitch perception during pseudo-Coriolis motions. On the other hand, the Multi-Sensory Observer Model (MSOM) accurately models motion perception in all considered paradigms, but does not effectively capture the frequency sensitivity of motion sickness, and the effects of vision on sickness. For both models (SVCI and MSOM), the visual perception of rotational velocity strongly affects sickness and perception. Visual verticality perception does not (yet) contribute to sickness prediction, and contributes to perception prediction only for the somatogravic illusion. In conclusion, the SVCI model with visual rotation velocity feedback is the current preferred option to design vehicle control algorithms for motion sickness reduction, while the MSOM best predicts perception. A unified model that jointly captures perception and motion sickness remains to be developed.","Comfort; Modeling; Motion perception; Motion sickness; Vision","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Intelligent Vehicles","","",""
"uuid:0f1cfd2e-87a5-4c34-b9ba-8d4c33eadfd4","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0f1cfd2e-87a5-4c34-b9ba-8d4c33eadfd4","Using an industry instrument to trigger the improvement of the transversal competency learning outcomes of engineering graduates","Leandro Cruz, M. (TU Delft Novel Aerospace Materials); Saunders-Smits, Gillian (TU Delft Aerospace Structures & Materials)","","2022","To assist in resolving the perceived lack of transversal competencies (TCs) of engineering graduates by industry, this study investigates the characteristics of transforming an existing industry TC instrument for use in engineering education. The instrument consists of 36 nuanced sub-competencies with the corresponding definitions and descriptive mastery levels. This instrument was first used to determine required TCs mastery levels for BSc and MSc graduates by European industry and subsequently, using two representative curricula as case studies to map TCs course outcomes and lecturer perceptions of TCs course outcomes, using interviews for further exploration. The main findings are that the TC instrument is suitable to determine desired industry mastery levels as well as to map TCs course outcomes both in formal documentation and by lecturers. Also, a gap between the formal and perceived curriculum was found i.e. discrepancies in reported TC learning outcomes between formal documentation and lecturer-reported TCs in courses.","employability; Engineering Education; industry perception; lecturer perception; Transversal competency levels","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","Aerospace Structures & Materials","Novel Aerospace Materials","","",""
"uuid:06add371-a02d-4fe2-93fe-33928323a92b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:06add371-a02d-4fe2-93fe-33928323a92b","Nested affordance-based intuitive design tool: Affordance interaction matrix","Gao, Yixuan (Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou); Song, Duanshu (China University of Mining and Technology; Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou); Liu, Li (Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou); Huang, Y. (TU Delft Design Conceptualization and Communication; Northwestern Polytechnical University)","","2023","Affordances serve as design cues, facilitating users in effortlessly identifying the intended use of objects. However, due to the phenomenological nature of the affordance concept, its application and understanding in the human-computer interaction (HCI) domain remain uncertain, resulting in limited utilization in design practice. This study introduces the concept of nested affordances, linking affordances more closely and explicitly with perception. We reposition the affordance concept and transform it into a design tool—the Affordance Interaction Matrix (AIM). This matrix captures the nested relationships and perceptual conflicts between target affordances within a product, assisting designers in identifying and eliminating potential confusion for users when facing a design, providing implicit interaction cues. The AIM-based design method proposed in this research addresses the shortcomings in describing product affordance interactions, focusing on the natural guidance of specific behaviors. This approach enables designers to clarify intuitive interaction foundations and make swift, effective decisions. Finally, the paper demonstrates the application and advantages of AIM through a practical case study of accessible kitchen furniture.","affordance; direct perception; Human-computer interaction (HCI); intuitive interaction design; nested affordance; product design","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Design Conceptualization and Communication","","",""
"uuid:f354013b-6e59-4ad1-95c0-23de6ed1495b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f354013b-6e59-4ad1-95c0-23de6ed1495b","Initial contact shapes the perception of friction","Willemet, L. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction; Aix Marseille Université); Kanzari, Khoubeib (Aix Marseille Université); Monnoyer, Jocelyn (Aix Marseille Université); Birznieks, Ingvars (NeuRA; University of New South Wales); Wiertlewski, M. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction)","","2021","Humans efficiently estimate the grip force necessary to lift a variety of objects, including slippery ones. The regulation of grip force starts with the initial contact and takes into account the surface properties, such as friction. This estimation of the frictional strength has been shown to depend critically on cutaneous information. However, the physical and perceptual mechanism that provides such early tactile information remains elusive. In this study, we developed a friction-modulation apparatus to elucidate the effects of the frictional properties of objects during initial contact. We found a correlation between participants’ conscious perception of friction and radial strain patterns of skin deformation. The results provide insights into the tactile cues made available by contact mechanics to the sensorimotor regulation of grip, as well as to the conscious perception of the frictional properties of an object.","Biomechanics; Cutaneous; Friction perception; Haptics; Touch","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human-Robot Interaction","","",""
"uuid:9dc32777-d7e5-46c8-8703-0c398c06b384","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9dc32777-d7e5-46c8-8703-0c398c06b384","Rapid change of friction causes the illusion of touching a receding surface","Monnoyer, Jocelyn (Aix Marseille Université; Stellantis); Willemet, L. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction); Wiertlewski, M. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction)","","2023","Shortly after touching an object, humans can tactually gauge the frictional resistance of a surface. The knowledge of surface friction is paramount to tactile perception and the motor control of grasp. While potent correlations between friction and participants' perceptual response have been found, the causal link between the friction of the surface, its evolution and its perceptual experience has yet to be demonstrated. Here, we leverage new experimental apparatus able to modify friction in real time, to show that participants can perceive sudden changes in friction when they are pressing on a surface. Surprisingly, only a reduction of the friction coefficient leads to a robust perception. High-speed imaging data indicate that the sensation is caused by a release of a latent elastic strain over a 20 ms timeframe after the activation of the friction-reduction device. This rapid change of frictional properties during initial contact is interpreted as a normal displacement of the surface, which paves the way for haptic surfaces that can produce illusions of interacting with mechanical buttons.","friction; skin mechanics; surface haptics; tactile perception","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human-Robot Interaction","","",""
"uuid:01419615-9a1d-428d-8769-a96ab9498a6c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:01419615-9a1d-428d-8769-a96ab9498a6c","How well do NDVI and OpenStreetMap data capture people’s visual perceptions of urban greenspace?","Teeuwen, R.F.L. (TU Delft Human-Centred Artificial Intelligence); Milias, V. (TU Delft Human-Centred Artificial Intelligence); Bozzon, A. (TU Delft Human-Centred Artificial Intelligence); Psyllidis, A. (TU Delft Internet of Things)","","2024","The study of urban greenspaces typically relies on three types of data: people’s subjective perceptions collected via questionnaires, vegetation indices derived from satellite imagery, such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Land Use or Land Cover maps, such as OpenStreetMap (OSM). Data on people’s perceptions are essential when researching human activities, yet they scale poorly. NDVI and OSM data, on the other hand, are freely available worldwide, thus valuable for assessing cities at scale or prioritizing locations for interventions. However, it is unclear how effectively NDVI and OSM data capture people’s visual perceptions of urban greenspaces. In this work, we collect people’s visual perceptions of public spaces in three major European cities through crowdsourcing, quantitatively compare them to NDVI and OSM data, and qualitatively investigate disparities. We found that NDVI moderately correlates with perceived greenness and that not only OSM greenspaces but also pocket parks and play spaces are often considered green. Furthermore, we found that people’s perceptions correspond best to OSM data in small radius distances and NDVI data in larger radius distances and that combining NDVI and OSM data can improve identification of places in OSM that are commonly considered green. Our qualitative analysis revealed that configuration and variety of vegetation, and presence of other natural or built-up features, influence people’s perceptions of greenspace. With our findings we aim to help researchers and practitioners make more informed decisions when collecting greenspace data for their specific context, ultimately contributing to green urban environments that reflect people’s perspectives.","Urban greenspace; Visual perception; OpenStreetMap; NDVI; Crowdsourcing","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Human-Centred Artificial Intelligence","","",""
"uuid:c6ba6a90-13aa-488b-a5b3-efd7c816251a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c6ba6a90-13aa-488b-a5b3-efd7c816251a","Social vulnerability and the 2002 flood. Country report Germany (Mulde river)","Steinführer, A.","TU Braunschweig","2007","The report discusses the findings of a questionnaire survey carried out in five localities of the Mulde catchment (Germany) in 2005 (N=404). All these settlements were heavily affected by the 2002 August flood. Both an event- and a phase-sensitive approach are applied from a bottom-up perspective of the people affected. This specific comprehension allows for a more appropriate understanding of social vulnerability in the context of a European welfare state where risk and affectedness become increasingly individualised. Finally, conclusions with respect to the paradigm of Flood Risk Management are drawn.","risk perception; Flood risk management; risk perception; Social vulnerability","en","report","Helmholz Unweltforschungszentrum (UFZ)","","","","","","","","","","","","Floodsite",""
"uuid:bd552786-2d49-4909-97e0-4ea49d01a6bf","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bd552786-2d49-4909-97e0-4ea49d01a6bf","Reliability of nondestructive inspection","Heida, J.H.","","1984","This report describes the concept of reliability of nondestructive inspection (NDI) and reviews the different aspects involved. First, the probability of detection (POD) of flaws in flawed specimens is discussed. To provide a measure of confidence in an estimated POD, lower botind values of this probability at a given confidence level are calculated with statistical methods. The inspection sample size in practice limits the applicability of statics. Therefore the available data points are grouped in intervals of flaw size; four interval methods are discussed in this report. Also a different approach for the representation of NDI reliability, by making use of linear regression analysis, is described. Next, the more general quadrinomial distribution of the possible outcomes of NDI, with successful and unsuccessful inspections of both flawed and unflawed specimens, is discussed. In analog with the POD for the flawed specimens, a probability of recognition (POR) is defined for the unflawed specimens. Both POD and POR must be included in a characterization of NDI reliability. Possible measures for this characterization are discussed. It is concluded that it is doubtful whether a single parameter will give an appropriate measure of NDI reliability; instead it is recommended to establish minimum values for both the POD and POR at a specified confidence level. Finally, some remarks are given about the application of reliability demonstration programs for the determination of flaw detection capabilities of various NDI-methods.","reliability; inspection; nondestructive tests; probability; confidence limits; intervals; ultrasonic flow detection; maximum likelihood estimates; thresholds (perception); sensitivity; quadrinomial distribution; accuracy; defects; regression analysis; statistical tests","en","report","Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium","","","","","","Campus only","","","","","","",""
"uuid:8f7935ac-b019-49f0-b316-e891d0981d3a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8f7935ac-b019-49f0-b316-e891d0981d3a","Awareness of and preparedness for storm-surges in a coastal community on the North Sea","Hoffmann, S.","TU Braunschweig","2008","Risk awareness and personal preparedness are seen to be important parameters in an integrated risk management scheme today. This study is contributing to the knowledge base about the perception of risk. Regarding the risk of storm-surges, an assessment of the perception and the status of personal preparedness of the people are addressed in an interview study in a coastal community on the North Sea. The results of this qualitative interview study are integrated with results of a previously conducted quantitative survey in the same community.","community behaviour; qualitative social research methods; risk perception; preparedness; Public awareness; risk perception","en","report","University of Kiel","","","","","","","","","","","","Floodsite",""
"uuid:0c06f4d0-0c97-47ae-95f7-40c6f993bdfa","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0c06f4d0-0c97-47ae-95f7-40c6f993bdfa","The effect of visual information on the manual approach and landing","Wewerinke, P.H.","","1980","The visual scene is an important source of information for the manual approach and landing task. This study deals with the effect of this information in combination with basic display information on the manual approach performance. In this context, a pre-experimental theoretical analysis has been performed in terms of the optimal control model. This pilot-aircraft model analysis resulted in approach performance predictions which could be compared with the experimental results of a moving base simulator program. The results illustrate that the model provides a meaningful description of the visual (scene) perception provess involved in the complex (multivariable, time varying) manual approach task with a useful predictive capability. The theoretical framework has been shown to allow a straightforward investigation of the complex interaction of a variety of task variables.","Visual perception; Pilot performance; Visual control; Aircraft landing; Approach control; Flight simulation; Head-up display; Jet aircraft; Man-machine systems; Workloads (psychophysiology); Visibility; Mathematical models","en","report","Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium","","","","","","Campus only","","","","","","",""
"uuid:a3c3f93c-bef6-4795-be88-96477c79b230","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a3c3f93c-bef6-4795-be88-96477c79b230","Thresholds for the visual perception of position deviations and motion","Smit, J.","","1978","During a visual approach to landing a pilot uses cues in the visual scene for the control of aircraft attitude and flight path. The accuracy with which some relevant display elements can ""be set at a desired, nominal, position was determined in an experiment via the phychophysical ""method of adjustment"". Furthermore relevant literature with respect to the thresholds for the perception of motion was reviewed.","Pilot performance; Motion perception; Visual perception; Threshold (perception); Aircraft landing; Manual control; Display devices; Tracking (position); Visual tasks; Visual fields; Psychophysiology; Analogue simulation","en","report","Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium","","","","","","Campus only","","","","","","",""
"uuid:be96e1f8-58d6-452c-aad2-0a81d25d856a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:be96e1f8-58d6-452c-aad2-0a81d25d856a","A model and experimental analysis of pilot decision making behaviour for various approach conditions","van de Graaff, R.C.; Wewerinke, P.H.","","1984","This report deals with an investigation of pilots' failure detection performance in a realistic moving-base flight simulator. The task considered was the monitoring of stabilized automatic approaches. Abnormal conditions (excessive windshears or system failures) were to be detected on the basis of unacceptable deviations of displayed variables from their normal position. Four experienced airline pilots participated in the experiment. The independent variables were: failure type (windshear or system failure), the axis in which the failure occured (longitudinal or lateral), and the prior probability of failure occurrence (0.2 or 0.8). The dependent variables were detection times and the various display deviations at the moment of detection. Independently of the experimental program a theoretical analysis was carried out, based on a model of the human observer and decision maker which is formulated in terms of linear estimation and classical sequential decision theory. In the report the experimental results are compared with the corresponding model predictions. In addition, attention is devoted to the extrapolation of the results for the detection of relative less frequently occurring failures.","man machine systems; flight simulation; cognition; decision making; in-flight monitoring; approach control; glide paths; aircraft landing; wind shear; system failures; mathematical models; instrument approach; detection; scanning; operator performance; visual perception; cues; display devices","en","report","Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium","","","","","","Campus only","","","","","","",""
"uuid:19943029-7149-4b1d-a00c-ffec2a66c542","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:19943029-7149-4b1d-a00c-ffec2a66c542","Visual scene perception process involved in the manual approach","Wewerinke, P.H.","","1978","The outside scene is often an important soiirce of information for manual control tasks. In the context of aircraft control the most important example is the visual approach scene. This study deals with modelling the visual scene perception process on the basis of linear perspective geometry and the relative motion cues and investigates its impact on aircraft approach performance. Model predictions utilizing visual threshold data from base-line experiments and psychophysical literature of a variety of visual approach tasks, are compared with the results of an experimental program. The results confirm that the visual scene may be assumed to provide a variety of cues among which the human operator has to divide his attention. Both the performance and workload results illustrate that the model provides a meaningful description of the outside world perception process with a useful predictive capability. Additional research, however, is warranted in order to be able to deal with the realistic, complex, timevarying manual approach and landing situation.","man machine systems; mathematical models; manual control; human behaviour; pilot performance; approach control; visual fields; visual perception; threshold (perception); tracking (position); noise spectra; psychomotor performance; ratings; optimal control","en","report","Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium","","","","","","Campus only","","","","","","",""
"uuid:7ef5b552-7765-4a09-b9a3-b1bfdd024502","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7ef5b552-7765-4a09-b9a3-b1bfdd024502","Recommendations for flood risk management with communities at risk","Steinführer, A.","TU Braunschweig","2009","The paper draws lessons from our empirical investigations in Germany, Italy and England/Wales in a very specific perspective: It formulates recommendations for flood risk management with people at risk. Thus it tries to shed light on the views of this important but often neglected group of stakeholders. Our addressees are flood risk management professionals, such as flood-practitioners and policy makers at European, national, regional and local levels. The recommendations relate to the following fields: flood risk awareness, flood preparedness, flood risk communication, participation in flood risk management and social vulnerability.","community behaviour; risk perception; Flood risk; Flood risk management; Public awareness; risk perception; Social vulnerability","en","report","Helmholz Unweltforschungszentrum (UFZ)","","","","","","","","","","","","Floodsite",""
"uuid:9c83dd21-50f6-4f7d-8470-a812726aa7f2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9c83dd21-50f6-4f7d-8470-a812726aa7f2","report of the Schelde Pilot Study","Marchand, M.","TU Braunschweig","2009","The aim of this report is to document the output of the three workshops and the questionnaire. The results of the Flood risk analysis has been reported in another Floodsite report: De Bruijn et al., 2008. For a complete description of the Schelde pilot study reference is made to Chapter 8 of the FLOODsite book on pilot sites (Schanze, in prep.).","risk perception; Flood risk; Flood risk management; Flood risk management; strategy; process; planning; risk perception; Stakeholder involvement","en","report","Deltares","","","","","","","","","","","","Floodsite",""
"uuid:bf982743-f043-49c1-a502-12f3a91b739e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bf982743-f043-49c1-a502-12f3a91b739e","Self-Supervised Learning for Visual Obstacle Avoidance","van Dijk, Tom (TU Delft Control & Simulation)","","2020","With a growing number of drones, the risk of collision with other air traffic or fixed obstacles increases. New safety measures are required to keep the operation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) safe. One of these measures is the use of a Collision Avoidance System (CAS), a system that helps the drone autonomously detect and avoid obstacles. The design of a Collision Avoidance System is a complex task with many smaller subproblems, as illustrated by Albaker and Rahim [1]. How should the drone sense nearby obstacles? When is there a risk of collision? What should the drone do when a conflict is detected? All of these questions need to be answered to develop a functional Collision Avoidance System. However, all of these subproblems – except the sensing of obstacles – only concern the behavior of the vehicle. They can be solved independently of the target platform as long as it can perform the required maneuvers; it does not matter whether it is a UAV or a larger vehicle. The sensing of the environment, on the other hand, is the only subproblem that places requirements on the hardware, specifically the sensors that should be carried by the UAV. It is the hardware that sets UAVs apart from other vehicles. Unlike autonomous cars, other groundbased vehicles or larger aircraft, UAVs have only a small payload capacity. It is therefore not practical to carry large or heavy sensors such as LIDAR or radar for obstacle avoidance. Instead, obstacle avoidance on UAVs requires clever use of lightweight sensors: cameras, microphones or antennae. This research will therefore focus on the sensing of the environment. Out of the sensors mentioned above – cameras, microphones and antennae – cameras are the only ones that can detect nearly all groundbased obstacles and other air traffic; microphones and antennae are limited to detection of sources of noise or radio signals1. Therefore, this research will focus on the visual detection of obstacles. The field of computer vision is welldeveloped; it may already be possible to find an adequate solution for visual obstacle detection using existing stereo vision methods like Semiglobal Matching (SGM) [23]. These methods, however, only use a fraction of the information present in the images to estimate depth – the disparity. Other cues such as the apparent size of known objects are completely ignored. The use of appearance cues for depth estimation is a relatively new development driven largely by the advent of Deep Learning, which allows these cues to be learned from large, labeled datasets. As long as the UAV’s operational environment is similar to this training dataset it should be possible to use appearance cues in a CAS. However, this is difficult to guarantee and may require a prohibitively large training set. SelfSupervised Learning may provide a solution to this problem. After training on an initial dataset, the UAV will continue to collect new training samples during operation. This allows it to ‘adapt’ to its operational environment and to learn new depth cues that are relevant in that environment. SelfSupervised Learning for depth map estimation is a young field, the first practical examples started to appear around 2016 (e.g. [17]). Most of the current literature is focused on automotive applications","Obstacle Avoidance; Stereo Vision; Depth perception; self-supervised learning; Neural Networks; micro air vehicle; Benchmark study; Survey; Computer Vision; Unmanned Aerial Vehicle","en","report","Micro Air Vehicle Lab (MAVLab), TU Delft","","","","","","","","","","Control & Simulation","","",""
"uuid:196ce3b4-1074-43bc-a159-329c4e0ad514","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:196ce3b4-1074-43bc-a159-329c4e0ad514","Review of Ship Behavior Characteristics in Mixed Waterborne Traffic","Tang, Yingjie (Wuhan University of Technology); Mou, Junmin (Wuhan University of Technology); Chen, Linying (Wuhan University of Technology); Zhou, Y. (TU Delft Rivers, Ports, Waterways and Dredging Engineering)","","2022","Through the continuous development of intellectualization, considering the lifecycle of ships, the future of a waterborne traffic system is bound to be a mixed scenario where intelligent ships of different autonomy levels co-exist, i.e., mixed waterborne traffic. According to the three modules of ships’ perception, decision-making, and execution, the roles of humans and machines under different autonomy levels are analyzed. This paper analyzes and summarizes the intelligent algorithms related to the three modules proposed in the last five years. Starting from the characteristics of the algorithms, the behavior characteristics of ships with different autonomous levels are analyzed. The results show that in terms of information perception, relying on the information perception techniques and risk analysis methods, the ship situation can be judged, and the collision risk is evaluated. The risk can be expressed in two forms, being graphical and numerical. The graphical images intuitively present the risk level, while the numerical results are easier to apply into the control link of ships. In the future, it could be considered to establish a risk perception system with digital and visual integration, which will be more efficient and accurate in risk identification. With respect to intelligent decision-making, currently, unmanned ships mostly use intelligent algorithms to make decisions and tend to achieve both safe and efficient collision avoidance goals in a high-complexity manner. Finally, regarding execution, the advanced power control devices could improve the ship’s maneuverability, and the motion control algorithms help to achieve the real-time control of the ship’s motion state, so as to further improve the speed and accuracy of ship motion control. With the upgrading of the autonomy level, the ship’s behavior develops in a safer, more efficient, and more environment-friendly manner.","Execution; Information perception; Intelligent decision-making; Mixed waterborne traffic; Ship autonomy; Ship behavior","en","review","","","","","","","","","","","Rivers, Ports, Waterways and Dredging Engineering","","",""
"uuid:7df9fed5-958b-458b-9d1a-46c53cd8228e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7df9fed5-958b-458b-9d1a-46c53cd8228e","The Landscape of Risk Perception Research: A Scientometric Analysis","Goerlandt, Floris (Dalhousie University); Li, Jie (Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing Institute of Technology; Liaoning Technical University); Reniers, G.L.L.M.E. (TU Delft Safety and Security Science; Universiteit Antwerpen; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven)","","2021","Risk perception is important in organizational and societal governance contexts. This article presents a high-level analysis of risk perception research using Web of Science core collection databases, scientometrics methods and visualization tools. The focus is on trends in outputs, geographical and temporal trends, and patterns in the associated scientific categories. Thematic clusters and temporal dynamics of focus topics are identified using keyword analysis. A co-citation analysis is performed to identify the evolution of research fronts and key documents. The results indicate that research output is growing fast, with most contributions originating from western countries. The domain is highly interdisciplinary, rooted in psychology and social sciences, but branching into domains related to environmental sciences, medicine, and engineering. Significant research themes focus on perceptions related to health, with a focus on cancer, human immunodeficiency virus, and epidemiology, natural hazards and major disasters, traffic accidents, technological and industrial risks, and customer trust. Risk perception research originated from consumer choice decisions, with subsequent research fronts focusing on understanding the risk perception concept, and on developing taxonomies and measurement methods. Applied research fronts focus on environmental hazards, traffic accidents, breast cancer and, more recently, e-commerce transactions and flood risk. Based on the results, various avenues for future research are described.","Bibliometrics; CiteSpace; Perceived risk; Perception of risk; Risk perception; Scientometrics; VOSviewer","en","review","","","","","","","","","","","Safety and Security Science","","",""
"uuid:0dea3c63-6596-4e8e-9139-cae651975ac1","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0dea3c63-6596-4e8e-9139-cae651975ac1","Factors Linking Perceptions of Built Heritage Conservation and Subjective Wellbeing","Sektani, Hawar Himdad J. (Salahaddin University); Khayat, Mahmood (Salahaddin University; University of Kurdistan Hewlêr); Mohammadi, Masi (Eindhoven University of Technology); Pereira Roders, A. (TU Delft Heritage & Values)","","2022","This research aims to reveal and discuss state-of-the-art research addressing the relation between built heritage and individuals’ subjective wellbeing (SWB). Through a systematic literature review, fifty-one studies were analyzed. Even if limited, past research confirms the substantial relation between built heritage and subjective wellbeing, and six primary factors and other sub-factors were identified. This paper's originality is found in its focus, being the link between built heritage and subjective wellbeing seldom addressed, and the definition of a six-factor model deduced from the state-of-the-art, as a theoretical framework to support further research. This paper contributes to the ongoing notion of human-centrality in the built environment and the growing trend to give importance to the human experiences within the built heritage context. The results are valuable for academics and policymakers, contributing to a tailored and place-based sustainable urban development.","analytical study; architectural conservation; architectural heritage; Built heritage; built heritage and sustainability; environmental perception; human centrality; subjective wellbeing","en","review","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-04-06","","","Heritage & Values","","",""
"uuid:9aea5c62-0464-495e-9dd8-491556a2ae3f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9aea5c62-0464-495e-9dd8-491556a2ae3f","Improving the quality of the acoustic environment in neonatal intensive care units: a review of scientific literature and technological solutions","Lenzi, Sara (TU Delft Design Aesthetics); Spagnol, S. (University IUAV of Venice); Ozcan Vieira, E. (TU Delft Design Aesthetics; Erasmus MC)","","2023","There is an increased awareness of how the quality of the acoustic environment impacts the lives of human beings. Several studies have shown that sound pollution has adverse effects on many populations, from infants to adults, in different environments and workplaces. Hospitals are susceptible environments that require special attention since sound can aggravate patients' health issues and negatively impact the performance of healthcare professionals. This paper focuses on Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) as an especially sensitive case representing a hostile acoustic environment in which healthcare professionals have little awareness of how unwanted sounds impact the perceived quality of the soundscape. We performed a semi-systematic review of scientific literature on sound assessment studies in NICU from 2001. A thematic analysis was performed to identify emerging themes that informed the analysis of 27 technological solutions for the assessment of sound quality in indoor and outdoor environments. Solutions were categorized by functions and evaluation methods and grouped according to the characteristics of the design components, i.e., acquisition, computation, and communication strategies. Results highlight a lack of solutions to assess the qualitative characteristics of indoor environments such as NICU and forecast the footprint that different sound sources have on the indoor soundscape. Such solutions are urgently needed to empower healthcare professionals, and especially nurses, to actively modify and prevent the negative impact of unwanted sounds on NICU and critical care soundscape.","neonatal intensive care unit (NICU); acoustic environment evaluation; indoor sound quality; soundscape perception; Machine Listening; indoor soundscape assessment; indoor soundscape modelling","en","review","","","","","","","","","","","Design Aesthetics","","",""
"uuid:2deb4c23-2a76-4443-9d76-ab32ab45b9c4","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2deb4c23-2a76-4443-9d76-ab32ab45b9c4","Engagement in Human-Agent Interaction: An Overview","Oertel, Catharine (TU Delft Interactive Intelligence); Castellano, Ginevra (Uppsala University); Chetouani, Mohamed (Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC)); Nasir, Jauwairia (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology); Obaid, Mohammad (Chalmers University of Technology); Pelachaud, Catherine (Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC)); Peters, Christopher (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","","2020","Engagement is a concept of the utmost importance in human-computer interaction, not only for informing the design and implementation of interfaces, but also for enabling more sophisticated interfaces capable of adapting to users. While the notion of engagement is actively being studied in a diverse set of domains, the term has been used to refer to a number of related, but different concepts. In fact it has been referred to across different disciplines under different names and with different connotations in mind. Therefore, it can be quite difficult to understand what the meaning of engagement is and how one study relates to another one accordingly. Engagement has been studied not only in human-human, but also in human-agent interactions i.e., interactions with physical robots and embodied virtual agents. In this overview article we focus on different factors involved in engagement studies, distinguishing especially between those studies that address task and social engagement, involve children and adults, are conducted in a lab or aimed for long term interaction. We also present models for detecting engagement and for generating multimodal behaviors to show engagement.","engagement; engagement generation; engagement perception; human-agent interaction (HAI); human-robot interaction (HRI)","en","review","","","","","","","","","","","Interactive Intelligence","","",""