Organization of rights and responsibilities in complex 3D real property developments - the relevance of bridging research fields

The condominium concept is one form of 3D property that is used in many countries around the world to organize and register 3D real property situations. Condominium property was mainly introduced in various jurisdictions to facilitate homeownership by converting residen-tial apartment units in high-rise buildings into real property. Thus, the...

Reworking land reform: A credibility approach to property rights in China's forest sector

Why do land reforms rarely achieve their desired effects? This dissertation posits that a key to solve this question lies in a closer understanding of the specific workings of property rights. The idea is developed empirically in China’s forest sector, where one of the world’s largest land-reform undertakings in modern times was initiated under...

Property Rights for Decentralised Organic Waste Processing

The increase in consumption of resources has led to more waste being generated, which then needs to be managed at the end of their life-cycle as waste. Current practices of waste management are not efficient as they lead to a release of emissions and a loss of value that is present in the resource, which is discarded as waste. New legislation...

Incentivizing household forest management in China's forest reform: Limitations to rights-based approaches in Southwest China

On the basis that property rights provide effective incentives to their users, rights-based approaches have become well-received for purposes of improved resource management, production, and conservation. Recent reform in China's collective-owned forest sector has also been guided by a rights-based approach in generating new incentives and...

Direct Trade PPA: Economic & Financial Benefits of a Direct Energy Contract With a Wind farm

In the Netherlands more wind farms are constructed and energy is contracted in long-term Power Purchase Agreemenats (PPA) to guarantee a steady revenue stream for the wind farm owners. However, until now only large corporates closed PPA contracts to obtain the Renewable Energy Credits (RECs) from a wind farm and claim to be renewable. A new type...

Expropriation for spatial development: Possible improvements for the expropriation system in the Netherlands evaluated with an assessment scheme

Strategies for integrated densification with urban qualities: Combining Space Syntax with building density, land usage, public transport and property rights in Bergen city

Bergen city in Norway is presently undergoing an enormous population growth. In this respect, Bergen municipality wanted to identify all the possibilities for densification in the current situation. Therefore, the following issues were evaluated: street network and public transport accessibility, building density, degree of functional...

Overlapping Characterization of Spatial Parcels in Brazil: Case in Florianopolis

This article aims to characterize a property right overlap situation and evaluate different possibilities and proposals for a 3D Cadastre in Brazil using laser scanning data. The complexity and the high density of urban areas, in Brazil and all over the world, have contributed to the increasingly verticalized occupation of the land surface. As...

The Dutch Urban Ground Lease: In fatal crisis or a bright future?

Once abolished by the French, being a product of feudalism, reintroduced by the Dutch after the downfall of Napoleon’s empire. Heralded by both liberals and socialists after 1900 as a tool for governments to prevent land speculation and to implement spatial policies. A century later despised by many, considered to be a governmental cash cow. The...

German cooperatives: Property right hybrids with strong tenant security

Cooperatives in Germany can be considered a hybrid tenure, which offers a bundle of property rights that lies in between renting and owning. Being a cooperative occupier of a dwelling should allow for more secure occupancy rights than ordinarily available to renters and less secure occupancy rights than ordinarily available to owner-occupiers....

Integration of 3D Cadastre, 3D Property Formation and BIM in Sweden

This paper describes problems and solutions concerning interaction between BIM (Building Information Modelling) and the registration and visualisation of 3D real property information. Although BIM and 3D property are two seemingly different domains that have not been combined much in previous studies, the authors argue that they can interact and...

Specialization of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM): Modelling on non-formal RRR

This paper proposes a more detailed classification of the legal part of the LADM, ISO 19152, (i.e. interests in land) than possible in the current standard (ISO, 2012) today and is an attempt to raise awareness of the possibilities to further develop the LADMs ‘right’, ‘restriction’ and ‘responsibility’ classes (RRR). The term ‘land’ is here...

Specialization of the LADM - Modelling of Non-formal RRR

This paper proposes a more detailed classification of the legal part of the LADM, ISO 19152, (i.e. interests in land) than possible in the current standard (ISO, 2012) today and is an attempt to raise awareness of the possibilities to further develop the LADMs ‘right’, ‘restriction’ and ‘responsibility’ classes (RRR). The term ‘land’ is here...

Specialization of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM): An Option for Expanding the Legal Profiles

The Land Administration Domain Model, LADM, passed on the 1st of November 2012 unanimously the final vote towards becoming an international standard, ISO 19152. Based on the standard this paper is a proposal for a more detailed classification of interests in land as modelled within LADM and an attempt to raise the awareness of the possibilities...

Swedish 3D Property in an International Comparison

The aim of the paper is to present the Swedish types of 3D property, how they are designed and related to each other, and to make a comparison with other types of 3D property that can be found internationally. The Swedish 3D property system is presented and compared with the international standard types of 3D property. In this comparison...

3 Dimensional Property Rights in Denmark 3D Property Design and Registration is Working – Visualization not

In Denmark there is a widespread practice of forming properties as condominiums in complex buildings with several floors and where the formation of properties of buildings with their own cadastral parcel not is possible. Condominiums are a full property with a location, an individual owner, with possibilities for individual rights and...

Contract Negotiations in Inter-Organizational Collaborative Projects for New Product Development: An Intellectual Property Rights Management Perspective

Inter-organizational collaboration for new product development is increasing all over the world due to soaring Research and Development costs, and the uncertainties posed by the new technological products and processes, companies are reluctant to spend all their in-house resources and are searching for new strategies for innovation , like inter...