Topology optimization of multi-scale structures: a review

Multi-scale structures, as found in nature (e.g., bone and bamboo), hold the promise of achieving superior performance while being intrinsically lightweight, robust, and multi-functional. Recent years have seen a rapid development in topology optimization approaches for designing multi-scale structures, but the field actually dates back to...

Roll-to-Roll Fabrication of Solution Processed Electronics

The production of electronic devices using solution based (“wet”) deposition technologies has some decisive technical and commercial advantages compared to competing approaches like vacuum based (“dry”) manufacturing. Particularly, the potential to scale up production processes to large areas and high volumes by introducing continuous roll-to...

Solvent Systems for Industrial-Scale Processing of Spiro-OMeTAD Hole Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Sells

Current laboratory-scale fabrication of perovskite solar cells involves the use of toxic solvents in the different fabrication steps. The aim of this research is to find a nontoxic alternative to chlorobenzene used for the deposition of hole transport material (HTM) spiro-OMeTAD. The initial selection of the solvents compatible with...

Efficient Water Use in Agriculture: Leading perceptions of key actors in research, policy and practice evaluated at field scale in Tadla basin Morocco and Lower Limpopo basin Mozambique

Expected increase of world wide food demand requires improvement of efficient water use in agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, the Directorate-General for International Cooperation (DGIS) of the Netherlands and many more key actors at the level of policy, research and...

Scales and structures in bubbly flows. Experimental analysis of the flow in bubble columns and in bubbling fluidized beds

In this project a detailed experimental analysis was performed of the dynamic flow field in bubbly flows, with the purpose of determining local hydrodynamics and scale effects. Measurements were done in gas-liquid systems (air-water bubble columns) and in gas-solid systems (air-sand bubbing fluidized beds) of different size. Amongst others with...