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Evidence of regional sea-level rise acceleration for the North Sea

Steffelbauer, D.B. (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author), Timmermans, Jos (author), Kwakkel, J.H. (author), Bakker, M. (author)

Global mean sea-level rise (SLR) has accelerated since 1900 from less than 2 mm yr-1 during most of the century to more than 3 mm yr-1 since 1993. Decision-makers in coastal countries, however, require information on SLR at the regional scale, where detection of an acceleration in SLR is difficult, because the long-term sea-level signal is...

journal article 2022

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Identifying Geographical Patterns of Transient Deformation in the Geological Sea Level Record

Simon, K.M. (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author), Broerse, D.B.T. (author)

In this study, we examine the effect of transient mantle creep on the prediction of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) signals. Specifically, we compare predictions of relative sea level (RSL) change from GIA from a set of Earth models in which transient creep parameters are varied in a simple Burgers model to a reference case with a Maxwell...

journal article 2022

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Constraint of glacial isostatic adjustment in the North Sea with geological relative sea level and GNSS vertical land motion data

Simon, K.M. (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author), Vermeersen, L.L.A. (author)

In this study, we focus on improved constraint of the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) signal at present-day, and its role as a contributor to present-day sea level budgets. The main study area extends from the coastal regions of northwestern Europe to northern Europe. Both Holocene relative sea level (RSL) data as well as vertical land...

journal article 2021

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The potential of coastal ecosystems to mitigate the impact of sea-level rise in shallow tropical bays

Keyzer, L.M. (author), Herman, P.M.J. (author), Smits, B.P. (author), Pietrzak, J.D. (author), James, R.K. (author), Candy, A.S. (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author), Bouma, T.J. (author), van der Boog, C.G. (author), Katsman, C.A. (author), Slobbe, D.C. (author), Zijlema, Marcel (author), van Westen, R.M. (author), Dijkstra, H.A. (author)

Shallow tropical bays in the Caribbean, like Orient Bay and Galion Bay in Saint Martin, are often sheltered by coral reefs. In the relatively calm environment behind the reefs, seagrass meadows grow. Together, these ecosystems provide valuable ecosystem services like coastal protection, biodiversity hotspots, nursery grounds for animals and...

journal article 2020

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Exploring Sources of Uncertainty in Steric Sea-Level Change Estimates

Machado Lima de Camargo, C. (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author), Hermans, T.H.J. (author), Slangen, Aimée B.A. (author)

Recent studies disagree about the contribution of variations in temperature and salinity of the oceans—steric change—to the observed sea-level change. This article explores two sources of uncertainty to both global mean and regional steric sea-level trends. First, we analyze the influence of different temperature and salinity data sets on the...

journal article 2020

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Sea Level Budgets Should Account for Ocean Bottom Deformation

Vishwakarma, B.D. (author), Royston, S. (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author), Westaway, R.M. (author), Bamber, J.L. (author)

The conventional sea level budget (SLB) equates changes in sea surface height with the sum of ocean mass and steric change, where solid-Earth movements are included as corrections but limited to the impact of glacial isostatic adjustment. However, changes in ocean mass load also deform the ocean bottom elastically. Until the early 2000s,...

journal article 2020

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Uncertainty Estimation in Regional Models of Long-Term GIA Uplift and Sea Level Change: An Overview

Simon, K.M. (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author)

This work provides a comparison of four approaches that can be used to describe uncertainty in models of the long-term glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) process. The four methods range from pessimistic to optimistic representations of GIA uncertainty. Each estimation method is applied to selected one dimensional GIA model predictions and...

journal article 2020

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Uncertainties in Long-Term Twenty-First Century Process-Based Coastal Sea-Level Projections

van de Wal, R. S.W. (author), Zhang, X. (author), Minobe, S. (author), Jevrejeva, S. (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author), Little, C. (author), Richter, K. (author), Palmer, M. D. (author)

Many processes affect sea level near the coast. In this paper, we discuss the major uncertainties in coastal sea-level projections from a process-based perspective, at different spatial and temporal scales, and provide an outlook on how these uncertainties may be reduced. Uncertainty in centennial global sea-level rise is dominated by the ice...

review 2019

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Sea-level change in the Dutch Wadden Sea

Vermeersen, L.L.A. (author), Baart, F. (author), Cohen, Kim M. (author), Frederikse, T. (author), Kiden, Patrick (author), Kleinherenbrink, M. (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author), Slobbe, D.C. (author), van der Wegen, M. (author)

Rising sea levels due to climate change can have severe consequences for coastal populations and ecosystems all around the world. Understanding and projecting sea-level rise is especially important for low-lying countries such as the Netherlands. It is of specific interest for vulnerable ecological and morphodynamic regions, such as the...

journal article 2018

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A consistent sea-level reconstruction and its budget on basin and global scales over 1958-2014

Frederikse, T. (author), Jevrejeva, Svetlana (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author), Dangendorf, Sönke (author)

Different sea level reconstructions show a spread in sea level rise over the last six decades and it is not yet certain whether the sum of contributors explains the reconstructed rise. Possible causes for this spread are, among others, vertical land motion at tide-gauge locations and the sparse sampling of the spatially variable ocean. To...

journal article 2018

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A benchmark study of numerical implementations of the sea level equation in GIA modelling

Martinec, Z. (author), Klemann, V. (author), van der Wal, W. (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author), Spada, G. (author), Sun, Y. (author), Melini, D. (author), Kachuck, S. B. (author), Barletta, V. (author), Simon, K.M. (author)

The ocean load in glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) modelling is represented by the so-called sea level equation (SLE). The SLE describes the mass redistribution of water between ice sheets and oceans on a deforming Earth. Despite various teams independently investigating GIA, there has been no systematic intercomparison among the numerical...

journal article 2018

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Ocean Bottom Deformation Due To Present-Day Mass Redistribution and Its Impact on Sea Level Observations

Frederikse, T. (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author), King, A. Matt (author)

Present-day mass redistribution increases the total ocean mass and, on average, causes the ocean bottom to subside elastically. Therefore, barystatic sea level rise is larger than the resulting global mean geocentric sea level rise, observed by satellite altimetry and GPS-corrected tide gauges. We use realistic estimates of mass...

journal article 2017

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Trends and interannual variability of mass and steric sea level in the Tropical Asian Seas

Kleinherenbrink, M. (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author), Frederikse, T. (author), Merrifield, Mark (author), Wada, Yoshihide (author)

The mass and steric components of sea level changes have been separated in the Tropical Asian Seas (TAS) using a statistically optimal combination of Jason satellite altimetry, GRACE satellite gravimetry, and ocean reanalyses. Using observational uncertainties, statistically optimally weighted time series for both components have been...

journal article 2017

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The sea-level budget along the Northwest Atlantic coast: GIA, mass changes, and large-scale ocean dynamics

Frederikse, T. (author), Simon, K.M. (author), Katsman, C.A. (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author)

Sea-level rise and decadal variability along the northwestern coast of the North Atlantic Ocean are studied in a self-consistent framework that takes into account the effects of solid-earth deformation and geoid changes due to large-scale mass redistribution processes. Observations of sea and land level changes from tide gauges and GPS are...

journal article 2017

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The effect of spatial averaging and glacier melt on detecting a forced signal in regional sea level

Richter, Kristin (author), Marzeion, Ben (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author)

We investigate the spatial scales that are necessary to detect an externally forced signal in regional sea level within a selected fixed time period. Detection on a regional scale is challenging due to the increasing magnitude of unforced variability in dynamic sea level on progressingly smaller spatial scales. Using unforced control...

journal article 2017

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Estimating decadal variability in sea level from tide gauge records: An application to the North Sea

Frederikse, T. (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author), Slobbe, D.C. (author), Broerse, D.B.T. (author), Verlaan, M. (author)

One of the primary observational data sets of sea level is represented by the tide gauge record. We propose a new method to estimate variability on decadal time scales from tide gauge data by using a state space formulation, which couples the direct observations to a predefined state space model by using a Kalman filter. The model consists of...

journal article 2016

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Sea level rise projections for Northern Europe under RCP8.5

Grinsted, A. (author), Jevrejeva, S. (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author), Dahl-Jensen, D. (author)

Sea level rise poses a significant threat to coastal communities, infrastructure, and ecosystems. Sea level rise is not uniform globally but is affected by a range of regional factors. In this study, we calculate regional projections of 21st century sea level rise in northern Europe, focusing on the British Isles, the Baltic Sea, and the North...

journal article 2015

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Ocean contribution to seismic gravity changes: The sea level equation for seismic perturbations revisited

Broerse, D.B.T. (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author), Vermeersen, B. (author)

During megathrust earthquakes, great ruptures are accompanied by large scale mass redistribution inside the solid Earth and by ocean mass redistribution due to bathymetry changes. These large scale mass displacements can be detected using the monthly gravity maps of the GRACE satellite mission. In recent years it has become increasingly common...

journal article 2014

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Impact of self-attraction and loading effects induced by shelf mass loading on projected regional sea level rise

Richter, K. (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author), Drange, H. (author)

We investigate the effect of self-attraction and loading (SAL) induced by the projected accumulation of sea water on shallow continental shelf areas. Using output from a climate model, we compute 21st century changes in regional steric sea surface height and find that steric changes are largest over the deep ocean and relatively small on the...

journal article 2013

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Regional biases in absolute sea-level estimates from tide gauge data due to residual unmodeled vertical land movement

King, M.A. (author), Keshin, M. (author), Whitehouse, P.L. (author), Thomas, I.D. (author), Milne, G. (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author)

The only vertical land movement signal routinely corrected for when estimating absolute sea-level change from tide gauge data is that due to glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). We compare modeled GIA uplift (ICE-5G + VM2) with vertical land movement at ?300 GPS stations located near to a global set of tide gauges, and find regionally coherent...

journal article 2012