On the correlation between Turbidity, Conductivity and COD

Introduction COD is one of the most important parameters for wastewater quality. Measuring COD is an expensive and time consuming process. There is a need for an inexpensive, accurate, reliable and continuous technique to monitor COD. Turbidity can be used as a proxy for COD, but is not accurate enough for some applications. Some research...

Combined sewer overflows in urban areas - interpreting and comparing European CSO monitoring results

Since the initiation of environmental legislation, monitoring campaigns have been done to estimate the characteristic pollutant concentrations of combined sewer overflow water. Such local campaigns are expensive due to the large number of events which should ideally be followed. This study focused on whether available concentration ranges from...