The effect of torrefaction on the process performance of oxygen-steam blown CFB gasification of hardwood and softwood

Torrefaction is a promising biomass upgrading method, offering advantages in logistics and handling. Gasification is an attractive thermochemical conversion technology due to its flexibility in the product gas end-use. The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of torrefaction on the gasification performance of a softwood (spruce) and...

Species independent strength modeling of structural timber for machine grading

The current methods for the determination of the strength properties for wood species for grading purposes require extensive testing. Species independent grading might be a solution for this problem, in particular for tropical hardwoods. The strength reducing characteristics such as knots and slope of grain...