A compact blowout model for shallow tunnelling in soft soils

Tunnelling in soft soil conditions, especially with a shallow overburden, faces the risk of face instability due to blowout. Although several blowout models have been proposed to estimate the blowout pressure, mostly based on limit analysis or limit equilibrium, there is a significant gap between the allowable blowout pressures predicted by...

The impact of shallow cover on tunnelling in soft soil