Exploring the descriptions of World Heritage properties through the perspective of water using a narrative approach

A comprehensive understanding of water systems across space and time is key, both for sustainable urban development and heritage preservation. However, so far, a clear methodology that links the exploration of the past and the protection of heritage properties to the design of the future is still missing. We argue that an exploration of heritage...

Tidal-flat reclamation aggravates potential risk from storm impacts

A better understanding of how tidal-flat reclamation changes the flood hazard is critical for climate-proofing coastal flood defense design of heavily urbanized areas. Since the 1950s, large-scale reclamation has been performed along the Shanghai coast, China, to fulfill the land demands of city expansion. We now show that the loss of tidal...

Heritage Words: Exploring Port City Terms

Maritime heritage structures, such as cranes or warehouses, are typical for historical port cities around the world and many of them have received recognition as having Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) and have been listed as UNESCO World Heritage sites. They have often been preserved and revitalized as expressions of former shipping...

Distributed Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for Dynamic Economic Dispatch with Unknown Generation Cost Functions

In this article, the dynamic economic dispatch (DED) problem for smart grid is solved under the assumption that no knowledge of the mathematical formulation of the actual generation cost functions is available. The objective of the DED problem is to find the optimal power output of each unit at each time so as to minimize the total generation...