The design of upright breakwaters

The historical development of upright breakwaters in Japan is briefly reviewed as an introduction. Various wave pressure formulas for vertical walls are discussed, and then the design formulas currently employed in Japan are presented with an example of calculation. Several design factors are also discussed.

Laboratory investigation on the overtopping rate of seawalls by irregular waves

Series of measurements with irregular waves were undertaken for model seawalls of vertical walls with and without protection by concrete block mounds. Experimental data were compared and supplemented with theoretical calculations by the combination of the author's random wave breaking model in shallow waters and the weir type overflow model. The...