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Luiz De Carvalho Filho

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Understanding and predicting the occurrence of void street interfaces

Journal article (2022) - L.M. De Carvalho Filho, P. Sulis

Void street interfaces (VSIs) – building plinths with restricted visual interaction, accessibility, and public use – constitute an urban feature often associated with undermining the public domain, limiting free access and preventing interaction between social groups. Moreover, V ...

Planning codes and the emergence of urban form

Abstract (2018) - L.M. De Carvalho Filho, L.M. De Carvalho Filho, A. van Nes, A. van Nes

Planning codes and the design of the street interface

Reading the impact of spatial configuration on street life using micro-scale tools

Conference paper (2017) - L.M. De Carvalho Filho, L.M. De Carvalho Filho, A. van Nes, A. van Nes

This contribution is part of a PhD research. The study investigates the factors related to the vitality of street life in Brazilian cities. To what extent play urban form a part in forging the vitality of street life and why? What is the impact of the urban planning regime on the ...

Urban codes inducing street life, a possible approach for the Brazilian case

Conference paper (2017) - L.M. De Carvalho Filho, L.M. De Carvalho Filho, A. van Nes

Brazilian cities have experienced several cycles of transformation, which ultimately shifted these places from the Portuguese colonial fabric to modern agglomerations and metropolitan regions. Population figures are still rising as well the urbanisation ratio. There is nothing particular about those processes; it is a general trend observed in most countries of the world. What typifies the Brazilian case is that the country has an enormous income disparity that results in different ways to deal with urbanisation and expanding cities network. Perhaps the most striking feature of the major Brazilian cities, in general, is the social and spatial segregation and their impact on street life. This article is part of a PhD research that sums to the debate about the role of planning and planning codes in the context of developing countries, where economic growth and expansion of the cities are, in general, reinforcing existing divides. The other point explored in the study regards the discussion about public domain and the use of public spaces, the particularities of the Brazilian case and the restrictions and opportunities it contains. The study investigates the factors related to the vitality of street life in Brazilian cities. To what extent play urban form a part in forging vitality of street life and why? What is the impact of the urban planning regime on the relation between urban form and vitality? For this paper, the study will focus on Recife, a city in the Northeast of Brazil. One of the hypotheses of this research is that urban rules can be constructed to induce the creation of spaces where street life and urban vitality can thrive. That is extremely relevant in the Brazilian setting and particularly in the case of Recife where the action of the real estate market associated with a reduced role of planning institutions has resulted in a severe disruption regarding street life. The first part of the article reveals the spatial parameters commonly regulated in the planning instruments of Recife and the built configuration that results when these parameters are applied. That is demonstrated through a retrospective of the planning codes of the last decades, analysing and relating planning regulations to specific spatial parameters and the resultant building environment. In this paper, the focus will be on the interface between public and private domains, analysing the role of planning instruments in the shaping of this border. In the second part, a series of European examples of rule-based design will be examined. The objective here is to identify the strategies embodied in these rules that somehow deal with the use of public space. Could the analysis of parts of a city, that in principle, have been formed by the interaction of the same actors, under the same social and cultural restraints provide elements sound enough to determine the role of urban rules in the enabling of the vitality of city spaces? In other words, can we, by isolating the context and actors involved, reveal the actual scope of urban rules when it comes to forge vitality or street life? The paper concludes with an attempt to point out possible contributions of the European experience on urban rules to the Brazilian context. The limits and challenges regarding transferability and adaptability of European practice will be examined. @en

Contributed

Made in the city of China

Street market as infrastructure to create conditions for inclusive urbanization

Master thesis (2021) - Y. Li, S. Nijhuis, L.M. De Carvalho Filho

The thesis conducts spatial explorations through design and discusses the possibilities of using the street market as infrastructure to facilitate collective making and create conditions for inclusive urbanization through achieving supply justice. The street market is a spatial ...

E-Cooperation Landscape

Design Explorations In The Modaomen Estuary For An Adaptive And Sustainable Dike-Pond System, Water Safety And Ecological Development

Master thesis (2021) - Y. Liu, S. Nijhuis, L.M. De Carvalho Filho

Pearl river delta is undoubtedly the most promising area and a very dynamic tidal zone, especially in the southeast part of the delta, Zhuhai province, Modaomen estuary. The whole area of Zhuhai is a remote island scattered outside the mouth of the Pearl River，when after several generations of reclamation and these days, 20% of marshland in Modaomen estuary is replaced by aquatic dyke ponds, The small fishing tribes in Modaomen estuary developed into promising productive villages based on the dyke pond system during decades of reclamation. However, the dyke pond system and excessive fish farms on the one hand lead to ecological destruction and increase vulnerability to many natural disasters. On the other hand, dyke ponds system as the manmade wetland provides potentials for future alteration, such as ecological restoration and city development.

To provides the condition for the city transformation and solve many coastal natural disasters and ecological problems, such as salt water intrusion, soil subsidence, ecological destruction, etc., a new landscape framework for dyke pond systems, water safety, ecological development, and urbanization is needed. The adaptive landscape framework is a bold experiment to solve multiple problems of urban, agricultural, ecological issues using interdisciplinary knowledge.

Taking into account the extremely dynamic natural process of the estuary, which were originally regarded as resistance, and the traditional dyke pond system, the landscape framework creates the scenario of 3 structures, the natural brackish water wetland, the freshwater reservoir controlled by the double dyke system, the urban area integrating with the dyke pond system. The structure provides multi-function and values from ecological, social, and economic aspects. In terms of ecology value, the proposed landscape framework functions as a dynamic process rather than a static object, interacts with natural conditions to form a variety of habitats, creating a suitable environment for flora and fauna. In terms of social value, the proposed water system could restore, retain, and recharge freshwater to improves the site’s disaster-resistant and facilitates city development. It solves salt water intrusion, soil subsidence, lack of drinking water, etc. In terms of economical value, the improvement of the ecological environment, and the increasing resistance to natural disasters in this transitional area also provides the condition for the city transformation. It provides local residents with opportunities for entertainment, education, culture, and community construction.

The proposal, strategies, principles could provide the insight of using landscape as framework on the coastal area not only in Modaomen estuary but also in other coastal areas all over the world in time and space dimension, to deal with the spatial-social-ecological problems brought by the dyke pond system and city expansion.

Reimagining the New Density in Apartment Urbanism

The conflicted social and economic space of Apartment Complexes in Seoul, Korea

Master thesis (2021) - Y. Boo, B. Hausleitner, L.M. De Carvalho Filho

Seoul, the capital city of Republic of Korea, has gone through rapid and compressed growth since 1960s as a response to reconstructing the city after the devastating crisis of Korean War. In part of facilitate the development, the national government has actively adopted the form of apartment under supportive national policies and planning instruments. The mass production in large quantities of apartment complexes has rested on the conviction that it would be an effective device to deal with ultra-dense environment in Seoul where the skyrocketing population growth has challenged the demand of adequate living space (Kim, 2018).
It is true that densification is one of the core in contemporary society, giving essence in urbanity. It has been always the intriguing topic in urbanism which dominates and imposes the prevailing theories and manifests at that ages. Yet, what constituted the density in apartment complexes in Seoul is the logic of capitalism, where the quantity of floor area of verticality decides everything in speculating the gainable maximum profits. Importantly, the challenges inherent in apartment lie at its scale of complex (block), not at the building itself, as Grands Ensemble, where the characteristics of enlargement and internalization execute the exclusivity and polarization between spaces. While the more than half of Seoul’s citizens are living in apartments, the ongoing phenomenon of producing apartment complex would continue to proliferate, as the desire to live in luxurious and enclosed community will not disappear.
This graduation project aims to explore the new role of apartment complexes in relation to urban fabric, and to open the discussion for envisioning integrated and dynamic living environment. Therefore, it seeks the new definition of ‘Apartment Urbanism’ in Seoul, where the density is represented not only by form, but also by its function and overarching relationships that operate simultaneously. Borrowing the lens of ‘depth structure’, the orienting concept in implementing design strategies as territorial, scalable and institutional depths, this project argues that the despite the rationale in area-based approach characterized by rigid zoning system, the relation-based approach using patterns delivers the possibility to embrace all interacting and conflicting forces as a cohesive language. Conditioned at different settings of private and public properties, it proposes a model that is more adjustable to the context and adaptive to process, ultimately shaping the synergetic relationship between spaces and people.

Life after fences

Negotiating low-income gated communities in Bogotá

Master thesis (2021) - F. Ruiz Carvajal, L.M. De Carvalho Filho, B. Hausleitner

Low-income gated communities have become increasingly popular in Bogotá, despite the contradiction that lies at their core: that life in a self-sufficient and closed type of housing is an unsustainable endeavour for a population that cannot pay for a privatised life. To navigate ...

Living on the Edges of a Border City

Planning strategies for the spontaneous city. The Case of Cucuta and El Rodeo

Master thesis (2021) - F.L.G. BERNAL CARDENAS, L.M. De Carvalho Filho, M.J. van Dorst, Alvise Pagnacco

Cucuta is a border city between Colombia and Venezuela with complex dynamics due to its location and historical background, affected by drug trafficking, guerrilla warfare, and Venezuela's most recent multidimensional crisis. The city's structural plan (POT) is under review, tryi ...

From survival to revival

A new water management way for upper reaches of Tarim river integrated a sustainable livelihood design

Master thesis (2021) - X. He, I. Bobbink, L.M. De Carvalho Filho, P. de Jong

Water scarcity is a problem not only in the Tarim river but worldwide. Starting from water scarcity in the upper reaches of the Tarim River, this research focuses on exploring the possible solution for water scarcity and unsustainable livelihood for farmers in this region. By ref ...

Waterfront Analysis and Design

Comparative Report of Beijing, Suzhou and Yinchuan

Book (2021) - Yifan Yang, Suning Xu, Paola Viganó , Dachang Yuan, Hui Liu, M. Lub, L.M. De Carvalho Filho

Waterfront Analysis and Design Comparative Report of Beijing, Suzhou and Yinchuan systematically summarizes the research and planning cases. Conventional concepts and strategies concerning urban planning implemented in Beijing, Suzhou and Yinchuan have long been established, and ...

A modular framework for integrating circularity in supply chains

Master thesis (2021) - K. Fishta, R. Vrijhoef, Bob Geldermans, L.M. De Carvalho Filho

Managing building supply chains is significantly challenging due to its temporary nature, design to order, fragmentation and overall complexity of processes. As the built environment strives to achieve a circular domain, there is an increasing need for solutions that close product and organisational systems together with the material and information flow running through them. These flows currently ‘leak’ and waste materials due to classic linear approaches they have been based on for decades. Furthermore, the context of a circular supply chain is still under research, and it mainly consists of fragmented information over various topics. Therefore, this thesis explores how circular economy principles could be implemented and enhanced within the whole construction supply chain
by investigating also its control environment. This thesis’s scope is the circular supply chains and the information/ material flows needed throughout the process and the respective actors involved in such flows.

The modelling of a supply chain was observed as an appropriate approach to the representation of a circular supply chain environment, as it visualises in a simplified way the complex nature of supply chains. The proposed model provided insights within three levels of analysis: process, organisations and product. The process level identified the additional process phases that are needed in the reverse loops of information and materials. The organisation level elaborated on the traditional stakeholders and new circular specific stakeholders that could be introduced into these processes. Within this level
traditional stakeholders were observed to adapt their operations by introducing some of the circular specific stakeholder activities internally. The third product level, investigated the control environment and the data residing within it, both provided and required data information. Identifying the data, processes and the involved actors facilitated into the design of a Modular Circular Supply Chain Model (MCSCM). In addition, the modular structure of the model enables the adaptability of any of the modules, whether this be adding or modifying modules and functionalities to suit a wide range of circular supply chain situations. The MCSCM is expected to introduce a general image of a circular supply chain environment by making this concept more tangible into nowadays society.

Jerusalem: Dynamic Planning and Decolonization

Transportation Infrastructure in Conflictual Territory

Master thesis (2020) - D. Cohen, L.M. De Carvalho Filho, F.D. van der Hoeven

In the past two decades, two big processes have changed the urban configuration of Jerusalem: The construction of the West Bank separation barrier, leaving the majority of the Palestinian neighborhoods of the city completely cut out from their hinterland and neighboring Palestinian cities, and the ongoing planning and construction of the light rail project in Jerusalem. The light rail project is a part of a transportation infrastructure upgrade that came as a response to the city’s urban sprawl and its heavy traffic problem. These two processes seem to be of a contradictive nature: one is of absolute separation and segregation, and the other is of interconnection and integration. The truth, as always, is more complex, and these two processes are deeply rooted in the colonization of the city. This thesis researches the relations between urban planning and the process of colonization, and, in particular, the role of transportation infrastructure in manifesting colonization patterns in the urban space in the city of Jerusalem. It analyzes the dynamics that influence urban planning in a divided city that is subjected to urban conflict and examines the problems, urban damage, and social injustice that are caused by it. The design part of this thesis explores the potential of urban planning and design as a means of a decolonization and reconciliation process and proposes a transition to a transit-oriented development framework to support it. From the understanding of the powerful role that transportation infrastructure plays in the colonization and segregation of the city, the main research question of this thesis is: How could Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) serve as an instrument for decolonization and inclusion in Jerusalem? To answer this question, this thesis takes the approach of alternative planning – grounded on the existing spatial and social conditions of the city while exploring alternative urban planning and design given a different political framework. This approach enables a critical debate about existing narratives and assumptions, stimulates discussion, and imagines a different future beyond existing political constraints. The design part of the thesis consists of three levels: Strategic planning, in the form of a city-scale urban vision that explores a transit-oriented development framework to the city as a means for decolonization. Governance design, exploring implementation strategies and governance transformation to support the urban vision and implement it on the local scale. Urban design: Two key projects on a local scale are designed in important nodes of the urban vision. The design of the key projects examines the implications of the urban vision on the local scale and explores the potentials of decolonization on the urban form and public space.

Rio 2016: reframing the legacy

Towards an inclusive city

Master thesis (2020) - A. Fuchshuber, L.M. De Carvalho Filho, T. Herdt

The process of globalization of the economy created the idea of a global urban hierarchy. Within this context, the Olympic Games and its legacy started to be seen as a tool for cities to attract large scale investment and be projected in this global economic perspective. In the ...

Reimagining Heerenstraat

Actief Erfgoed in de Historische Binnenstad van Paramaribo / Active Heritage in Paramaribo' s Historic Inner City

Book (2020) - Santiago del Hierro, L.M. De Carvalho Filho, Joseph Tjong-Ayong

Workshop report on tactical urbanism for Heerenstraat, in Paramaribo's Historic Inner City. A collaboration between TU Delft's European Post-master in Urbanism, the Inter-American Development Bank and Suriname's Ministry of Education in support of the Paramaribo Urban Rehabilitat ...

Permeable Borders

Addressing multidimensional conflicts between polarized communities in Rio de Janeiro

Master thesis (2019) - F. Chaves González, L.M. De Carvalho Filho, B. Hausleitner

Rio de Janeiro has become a ’broken city’ (Ventura, 1994): rapid urbanization processes, wealth concentration, market-oriented development, governmental neglect and socio-spatial segregation have been enlarging the societal gap between rich and poor in Brazil. Those processes hav ...

Regaining public space in modern Greece

The case of Chania

Master thesis (2018) - A. ANAGNOSTOU, Maurice Harteveld, A. Romein, L.M. De Carvalho Filho

Taking into consideration that ancient Greece is highly correlated to the democratic public space, the aim of the present thesis is to regain public space in modern Greece, by having as a testing location a medium-sized city, Chania. Public space was an important part of Greek people’s lives in the different chronological periods of its history. Starting from antiquity, the ancient agora and the Greek polis were considered as prototypes of democratic public spaces. In more modern years though, the relationship between Greek people and public space was gradually lost, leading to the present-day function of the Greek public spaces. Nowadays, most Greek people spend their free time in cafeterias and bars, neglecting so public spaces, such as squares, parks etc. Even though it is undeniable that cafeterias play an important role in the sociability, liveability and the economic vitality of an area, the way they function in Greece leads to the extreme privatization of public space due to coffee tables, the absence of people in areas where there are no cafes or the occupation of the empty public spaces by marginalized groups. Hence, the present thesis is dealing with the problematic use and the poor quality of public space in the Greek context, and especially in the city of Chania, as a case study. Many of the public spaces are extreme privatized, causing problems of accessibility and walkability, while others are not used at all or used by specific social groups developing urban voids or ghettos in the city. This existing defective Greek reality results in social exclusion and poor social interaction among different demographics, questioning the serving of needs of the different users. Taking into consideration the above-mentioned problem statement and the results by the different research methods used, it is concluded that the enhancement of sense of security, social interaction and inclusion are the main goals to be achieved in the project. Since these three concepts are more social than spatial related, design patterns are used as a method for their translation into space and urban environment. Moreover, they function as a bridge between research and design. In the end, to avoid generic solutions the definition of the patterns is a forth and backwards procedure between research and design.

NeighbourFOOD

Raising food awareness in the future city

Master thesis (2018) - I. Tzavella, T.W. Kupers, P.S. van der Putt, F. Adema, L.M. De Carvalho Filho

The studio that I chose to participate was ‘Dutch Housing: Stronghold Amsterdam’. The topic of this studio as mentioned in its studio manual concerns problems with ecology, climate, overpopulation, mass-migration, a shifting global power balance, changing demographics, etc., cities like Amsterdam will face in the future. But the question is: how do we want to live and what kind of buildings do we need to make that possible? Stated tin the studio’s manual ‘In the Dutch Housing Graduation Studio you will formulate a vision on the future of the city of Amsterdam and design a housing project that exemplifies this vision.’ First of all, my graduation project theme deals with the problem of the lost connection between people and their food and their lack of awareness about how food can shape the urban fabric and people’s lives nowadays. Therefore my projects research question was: How the architecture of a housing complex can contribute to raising of people’s food awareness inside the urban fabric?
Furthermore, by researching different case studies of urban agriculture I came to the conclusion that food production in urban environments is a subject that is closely connected with both social and technical issues. From the research I realized that if future cities need to reach to a level that they are self-sufficient and self-sustained in the case of food supply, people need first to be more conscious about it. That meant for me that people had first to start being more aware about the problem of their lost connection with their food, and when they succeed to be aware about it, then they can move forward to the next step, which is to start creating self-sufficient neighborhoods and dealing with more technical issues. Therefore the most important factor for my design was that of educating people about the food supply problem and urban food production in general. And that could be achieved by having some food-based activities situated in the premises of the building and which have an educational character.