This thesis describes a study into pairwise particle interactions within a Hele-Shaw geometry, using stop-flow lithography. By exposing a photoreactive mixture to a strong UV-pulse, a hydrogel is formed. The shape of this hydrogel is controlled by masking part of the light beam. This process takes place while the Hele-Shaw channel is placed on the stage of a microscope, which allows these hydrogel particles to be viewed and tracked. Improvements were made to increase the accuracy and precision of the experimental set-up. No- tably, the initially present mismatch of intra-pair particle thickness was greatly reduced by changing the method of particle pair production. By tracking these pairs of particles, information is obtained regarding their motions and velocity relative to one another. Experiments were performed for a selection of particle shapes and compared to numerical simulations of identical geometries. Simulations predicted that attractive and repulsive velocities should be noticed depending on the separation distance and shape of the particles. Qualitatively, the experiments agree to a certain extent with the simulations. It was demonstrated that the pairwise interactions are indeed dependent on their shape. Furthermore, the magnitude of these interactions qualitatively matched with the experimental data. Quantitatively, the experimental data did not agree with the simulations, but strong evidence was presented to indicate that the UV-light hitting the sample was not uniformly distributed. This results in a discrepancy in particle thickness between the pair, which skews the experimental data. Novel insights were gained on the applicability of the current literature model on hydrogel particle propagation. In contrast to the current model, it was experimentally demonstrated that the shape and (in-plane) size of the particle affects its thickness.

This report aimed to investigate jet-breakup through nozzles and its dependencies on viscosity, flowrate and nozzle diameter. By measuring the transition point from dripping to jetting as a function of nozzle diameter and viscosity, it was found that increasing nozzle diameters require increasing flowrates to reach jetting mode, while increasing viscosity lowers the critical flow-rate for the transition point. The breakup length was also observed to be influenced by both viscosity, flow-rate and nozzle size: increasing either viscosity or flow-rate resulted in an increase of the breakup length. Matching these results in dimensionless form to predictions in literature proved to be difficult, presumably due to the relatively small nozzle diameters used in this research.