The implementation of the Coercion and Care Act or “Wet Zorg en Dwang” (WZD) in the Netherlands in 2020 has sparked a discussion about the free movement of people with Alzheimer’s. Although the law prohibits enclosed living spaces for these people, wandering behaviour remains a challenge in care environments. This causes disruptions and burdens for nursing staff ensuring resident safety. To address this issue, a study was conducted to answer the research question: “To what extent can architectural interventions stimulate safe wandering behaviour for people with Alzheimer’s in Dutch elderly homes?.”
The research question explores the extent to which architectural interventions can encourage safe wandering behaviour. A literature review consisting of four chapters examines the historical evolution of elderly care in the Netherlands, the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, the phenomenon of wandering behaviour, and the relationship between architecture and Alzheimer’s.
This literature study emphasizes that a comprehensive understanding of Alzheimer’s symptoms, particularly spatial challenges, highlights the importance of creating tailored environments for individuals with Alzheimer’s. Wandering behaviour has health benefits, providing a sense of purpose and exercise, and should be viewed as a valuable opportunity for meaningful activity rather than simply a problem.
Architectural interventions are essential in meeting the unique needs of individuals with Alzheimer’s, with a focus on navigability, comprehensibility, and support for meaningful activities, such as wandering. When designing healthcare facilities for residents with Alzheimer’s, careful consideration should be given to the building layout, circulation, wayfinding, visibility, stimulus management, personalisation, supervision, social stimulation, activation concepts and storage. By incorporating these principles, environments can be created that prioritize the well-being, safety, and comfort of individuals with Alzheimer’s.
While the literature review provides valuable insights, opportunities for further research exist, including incorporating field research methods such as observations and interviews to enrich understanding and gather real-life perspectives.
Active research into Alzheimer’s, including causes, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and care, underscores the importance of ongoing investigation to inform architectural design and optimize care for individuals with Alzheimer’s in Dutch elderly homes. The interdisciplinary approach integrating healthcare, legislation, and architecture holds promise for enhancing the quality of life and well-being of individuals with Alzheimer’s in the Netherlands.