4-D Echo-Particle Image Velocimetry in a Left Ventricular Phantom

Voorneveld, J.D.; Saaid, H.; Schinkel, C.V.; Radeljic, Nikola; Lippe, Boris; Gijsen, F.J.H.; van der Steen, A.F.W.; de Jong, N.; Claessens, Tom; Vos, H.J.; Kenjeres, S.; Bosch, Johan G.

doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.11.020

4-D Echo-Particle Image Velocimetry in a Left Ventricular Phantom

Title

4-D Echo-Particle Image Velocimetry in a Left Ventricular Phantom

Author

Voorneveld, J.D. (TU Delft ChemE/Transport Phenomena; Erasmus MC)
Saaid, H. (TU Delft ChemE/Transport Phenomena; Universiteit Gent)
Schinkel, C.V. (TU Delft ChemE/O&O groep)
Radeljic, Nikola (Oldelft Ultrasound)
Lippe, Boris (Oldelft Ultrasound)
Gijsen, F.J.H. (TU Delft ChemE/Transport Phenomena; Erasmus MC)
van der Steen, A.F.W. (TU Delft ImPhys/Acoustical Wavefield Imaging; TU Delft ImPhys/Medical Imaging; Erasmus MC)
de Jong, N. (TU Delft ImPhys/Acoustical Wavefield Imaging; Erasmus MC)
Claessens, Tom (Universiteit Gent)
Vos, H.J. (TU Delft ImPhys/Acoustical Wavefield Imaging; Erasmus MC)
Kenjeres, S. (TU Delft ChemE/Transport Phenomena)
Bosch, Johan G. (Erasmus MC)

Date

2020

Abstract

Left ventricular (LV) blood flow is an inherently complex time-varying 3-D phenomenon, where 2-D quantification often ignores the effect of out-of-plane motion. In this study, we describe high frame rate 4-D echocardiographic particle image velocimetry (echo-PIV) using a prototype matrix transesophageal transducer and a dynamic LV phantom for testing the accuracy of echo-PIV in the presence of complex flow patterns. Optical time-resolved tomographic PIV (tomo-PIV) was used as a reference standard for comparison. Echo-PIV and tomo-PIV agreed on the general profile of the LV flow patterns, but echo-PIV smoothed out the smaller flow structures. Echo-PIV also underestimated the flow rates at greater imaging depths, where the PIV kernel size and transducer point spread function were large relative to the velocity gradients. We demonstrate that 4-D echo-PIV could be performed in just four heart cycles, which would require only a short breath-hold, providing promising results. However, methods for resolving high velocity gradients in regions of poor spatial resolution are required before clinical translation.

Subject

4-D echo-PIV
4-D ultrasound
Echo particle image velocimetry
High frame rate ultrasound
Left ventricle
Tomographic PIV
Ultrafast ultrasound
Ultrasound image velocimetry
Vector flow imaging
Volumetric flow