Improved Harmony Search Algorithm to Compute the Underfrequency Load Shedding Parameters

The power system continuously deals with frequency fluctuations. When a power disturbance occurs, the transmission system operators rely on the underfrequency load shedding (UFLS) scheme to address severe underfrequency (UF) events to maintain the frequency at the permissible level and prevent blackouts. Defining settings of a conventional UFLS...

Configuration of the Actor and Critic Network of the Deep Reinforcement Learning controller for Multi-Energy Storage System

The computational burden and the time required to train a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) can be appreciable, especially for the particular case of a DRL control used for frequency control of multi-electrical energy storage (MEESS). This paper presents an assessment of four training configurations of the actor and critic network to determine...

Assessment of daily cost of reactive power procurement by smart inverters

The reactive power control mechanisms at the smart inverters will affect the voltage profile, active power losses and the cost of reactive power procurement in a different way. Therefore, this paper presents an assessment of the cost–benefit relationship obtained by enabling nine different reactive power control mechanisms at the smart...

System Parameter Identification of Thermal Generation Unit in the Mongolian Electrical Grid: Real-Life Frequency Response Test

Mongolian power grid (MPG) is becoming more eco-friendly as the power system is continuously integrating renewable energy, which reached 20% of the total installed capacity of Mongolia in 2020. The daily operation and the safety of the MPG have become very challenging because of increased levels of energy in the system. Therefore, the dynamic...

Optimal UFLS Settings: An Assessment of Frequency System Response Indicators

This paper investigates the positive changes in the system frequency response indicators caused by the implementation of a set of optimal settings of an under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) scheme. The optimal UFLS scheme is optimised by minimising the total amount of load shedding and considering the recovery process of the system frequency...

Frequency Support of Fast-Multi-Energy Storage Systems in Low Rotational Inertia Scenarios

Modern power systems are increasing the connection of power electronic converters (PECs), and new inertia-less technologies displace the synchronous generation units. Therefore, the total rotational system inertia is reduced, creating new problems related to the system frequency control and stability. Several mechanisms to enable the PECs with...

Descriptive Statistical Analysis of Frequency control-related variables of Nordic Power System

This paper presents a descriptive statistical analysis (DSA) of time-series of electro-mechanical quantities related to the frequency control (e.g. kinetic energy (KE), electrical frequency and power demand) of the Nordic power system (NPS). The idea of the DSA is to identify main observables features and patterns between these variables....

Under-Frequency Load Shedding in Mongolia: Simulation Assessment Considering Inertia Scenarios

Mongolia power system (MPS) is evolving quite fast, and the integration of renewable resources (mainly wind power and solar photovoltaic) reached 20% by 2019. The MPS is interconnected to Russia in order to cover local energy deficits, especially during freezing winters. However, the interconnection to Russia is a sensible element of the MPS,...

Improvement of the Frequency Response Indicators by Optimal UFLS Scheme Settings

This research investigates the positive changes in the system frequency response indicators caused by the implementation of a set of optimal settings of an under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) scheme. The optimal under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) scheme is optimised by minimising the total amount of load shedding and taking into account...

Optimal under-frequency load shedding setting at Altai-Uliastai regional power system, Mongolia

The Altai-Uliastai regional power system (AURPS) is a regional power system radially interconnected to the power system of Mongolia. The 110 kV interconnection is exceptionally long and susceptible to frequent trips because of weather conditions. The load-rich and low-inertia AURPS must be islanded during interconnection outages, and the...

Assessment of Under-Frequency Load Shedding in Mongolia Considering Inertia Scenarios

The Mongolian power system (MPS) has been changing in recent years mainly by the integration of wind power and solar photovoltaic sources which until 2019 has been reached a 20% of the total generation sources. The interconnection with the Russian power system is crucial from the frequency control and stability point of view, especially during...

Torque Vectoring Control on Ice for Electric Vehicles with Individually Actuated Wheels

Recent studies on torque vectoring control for electric vehicles proposed various efficient solutions demonstrating improvement of vehicle stability for evasive manoeuvres. However, the torque vectoring on very low friction surfaces such as black ice or wet snow is rarely investigated, especially for the electric vehicles with off-road...

Facilitating energy transition through energy commons: An application of socio-ecological systems framework for integrated community energy systems

Integrated Community Energy Systems (ICES) are an emerging local energy system focusing on the collective use of distributed energy resources (DER). These socio-technical systems (STSs) have a high potential to advance the transition towards socially inclusive, environmentally-friendly energy systems and to stimulate the local economy. While...

Enabling nanoscale flexoelectricity at extreme temperature by tuning cation diffusion

Any dielectric material under a strain gradient presents flexoelectricity. Here, we synthesized 0.75 sodium bismuth titanate −0.25 strontium titanate (NBT-25ST) core–shell nanoparticles via a solid-state chemical reaction directly inside a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and observed domain-like nanoregions (DLNRs) up to an extreme...