Evaluation of SAR and Optical Data for Flood Delineation Using Supervised and Unsupervised Classification

Precise and accurate delineation of flooding areas with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and multi-spectral (MS) data is challenging because flooded areas are inherently heterogeneous as emergent vegetation (EV) and turbid water (TW) are common. We addressed these challenges by developing and applying a new stepwise sequence of unsupervised and...

On the decomposition of visual sets using Transformers

Transformers can generate predictions auto-regressively by conditioning each sequence element on the previous ones, or can produce output sequences in parallel. While research has mostly explored upon this difference on tasks that are sequential in nature, we study this contrast on visual set prediction tasks, to analyze the core behaviour of...

Supporting co-development phase of Nature Based Solution by combined use of Earth Observation and modeling

A protected natural area in the Emilia Romagna region, Northern Italy is threatened by hydro-meteorological hazards, particularly sea storms. In the last 50 years the northern part of the Bellocchio Park (Sacca Bellocchio II Nature Reserve, Site code EUAPP0072 - Ferrara, Italy) was interested by an intensive urbanization (Lido di Spina) with the...

Documenting Impacts of Hydro-Meteorological Events Using Earth Observation

The ambition of H2020 OPERANDUM project is to develop and document Nature Based Solutions (NBS) to mitigate risks associated with hydro-meteorological (HM) hazards. NBS mitigate risks by reducing the vulnerability of a particular system. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the use of multisource remote sensing data in documenting the impact...

An overview of monitoring methods for assessing the performance of nature-based solutions against natural hazards

To bring to fruition the capability of nature-based solutions (NBS) in mitigating hydro-meteorological risks (HMRs) and facilitate their widespread uptake require a consolidated knowledge-base related to their monitoring methods, efficiency, functioning and the ecosystem services they provide. We attempt to fill this knowledge gap by...

Nature-based solutions efficiency evaluation against natural hazards: Modelling methods, advantages and limitations

Nature-based solutions (NBS) for hydro-meteorological risks (HMRs) reduction and management are becoming increasingly popular, but challenges such as the lack of well-recognised standard methodologies to evaluate their performance and upscale their implementation remain. We systematically evaluate the current state-of-the art on the models...

Comparing thresholding with machine learning classifiers for mapping complex water

Small reservoirs play an important role in mining, industries, and agriculture, but storage levels or stage changes are very dynamic. Accurate and up-to-date maps of surface water storage and distribution are invaluable for informing decisions relating to water security, flood monitoring, and water resources management. Satellite remote...

Detecting the response of irrigation water management to climate by remote sensing monitoring of evapotranspiration

This study on a large irrigation scheme in Morocco addressed a two-fold question: (a) does the local water management authority adapt water releases to atmospheric water demand ET₀-P? and (b) does crop actual evapotranspiration respond to inter- and intra-annual variability in water releases? We have evaluated the inter-annual...

Relating spatiotemporal patterns of forest fires burned area and duration to diurnal land surface temperature anomalies

Forest fires are a major source of ecosystem disturbance. Vegetation reacts to meteorological factors contributing to fire danger by reducing stomatal conductance, thus leading to an increase of canopy temperature. The latter can be detected by remote sensing measurements in the thermal infrared as a deviation of observed land surface...

A spectral unmixing method with ensemble estimation of endmembers: Application to flood mapping in the Caprivi floodplain

The Caprivi basin in Namibia has been affected by severe flooding in recent years resulting in deaths, displacements and destruction of infrastructure. The negative consequences of these floods have emphasized the need for timely, accurate and objective information about the extent and location of affected areas. Due to the high temporal...

Generating high-temporal and spatial resolution tir image data

Remote sensing imagery to monitor global biophysical dynamics requires the availability of thermal infrared data at high temporal and spatial resolution because of the rapid development of crops during the growing season and the fragmentation of most agricultural landscapes. Conversely, no single sensor meets these combined requirements. Data...

Stima della pericolosita d'incendio in Campania mediante serie temporali di misure MODIS nell'infrarosso termico

Monitoring of irrigation schemes by remote sensing: Phenology versus retrieval of biophysical variables

The appraisal of crop water requirements (CWR) is crucial for the management of water resources, especially in arid and semi-arid regions where irrigation represents the largest consumer of water, such as the Doukkala area, western Morocco. Simple and (semi) empirical approaches have been applied to estimate CWR: the first one is called Kc-NDVI...

Mapping air temperature using time series analysis of LST: The SINTESI approach

This paper presents a new procedure to map time series of air temperature (Ta) at fine spatial resolution using time series analysis of satellite-derived land surface temperature (LST) observations. The method assumes that air temperature is known at a single (reference) location such as in gridded climate data with grid size of the order of 35...

Characterising fire hazard from temporal sequences of thermal infrared MODIS measurements (poster)

Vegetation moisture and temperature are the most variable factors determining fire hazard. Prolonged heat and absence of rainfall drive vegetation into water stress conditions; this leads to an increase (anomaly) of vegetation temperature that can be recorded by remote sensing instruments. Since stressed vegetation is more prone to fire, there...

Characterising fire hazard from temporal sequences of thermal infrared modis measurements

The objective of the present research was the characterisation of fire hazard using temporal sequences of land surface temperature (LST) derived from Terra-MODIS measurements. The investigation was based on a complete sequence of MODIS LST data from 2000 to 2006 on Campania (Italy) and on a data set of fires officially recorded in the area in...

Characterising fire hazard from temporal sequences of thermal infrared modis measurements

The objective of the present research was the characterisation of fire hazard using temporal sequences of land surface temperature (LST) derived from Terra-MODIS measurements. The investigation was based on a complete sequence of MODIS LST data from 2000 to 2006 on Campania (Italy) and on a dataset of fires officially recorded in the area in the...