Gas Transport Into Vortex Cavities

The research presented in this thesis aims at understanding how gases influence the cavitating vortex generated by a wing tip in a stationary flow. Gases in the flow occur as non-condensible microbubbles as well as gases dissolved in the liquid. They are typically abundant in surface flows. For studying how dissolved gases influence a cavitating...

Pullout Capacity of Single and Biwing Anchors in a Soft Clay Deposit: Model Investigation in a Centrifuge and FEM Predictions

One of the ways to install plate anchors in deep seabed is to drop the anchor system from the sea level and allow it to initially embed in the seabed under its own weight. Further dragging would cause the anchor to rotate and embed further into the seabed. There could be difficulties of getting the anchor plate horizontal or mooring line to...

Developing an Aerosol Layer Height Retrieval Algorithm for Passive Space-Based Sensors

Aerosols are the source of the largest uncertainties in our climate models, blurring our outlook of the future. This has been attributed to the complexity of measuring their properties, which vary over time and space. Atmospheric circulation spreads aerosols across the globe from a point source, which makes satellite-based observations lucrative...

Mechanisms for diffusion-driven growth of cavitating wing-tip vortices

Following their inception, vortex cavities emanating from stationary wing tips in cavitation tunnels are often observed to grow. These effects are usually attributed to the free and dissolved non-condensable gases in the liquid. However, a detailed mechanism for the cavity's growth is not known. Consequently, the repeatability of vortex...

A first comparison of TROPOMI aerosol layer height (ALH) to CALIOP data

The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) level-2 aerosol layer height (ALH) product has now been released to the general public. This product is retrieved using TROPOMI's measurements of the oxygen A-band, radiative transfer model (RTM) calculations augmented by neural networks and an iterative optimal estimation technique. The...

The role of aerosol layer height in quantifying aerosol absorption from ultraviolet satellite observations

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the role of aerosol layer height (ALH) in quantifying the single scattering albedo (SSA) from ultraviolet satellite observations for biomass burning aerosols. In the first experiment, we retrieve SSA by minimizing the near-ultraviolet (near-UV) absorbing aerosol index (UVAI) difference between...

A weighted least squares approach to retrieve aerosol layer height over bright surfaces applied to GOME-2 measurements of the oxygen A band for forest fire cases over Europe

This paper presents a weighted least squares approach to retrieve aerosol layer height from top-of-atmosphere reflectance measurements in the oxygen A band (758-770g nm) over bright surfaces. A property of the measurement error covariance matrix is discussed, due to which photons travelling from the surface are given a higher preference over...

Error sources in the retrieval of aerosol information over bright surfaces from satellite measurements in the oxygen A band

Retrieving aerosol optical thickness and aerosol layer height over a bright surface from measured top-of-atmosphere reflectance spectrum in the oxygen A band is known to be challenging, often resulting in large errors. In certain atmospheric conditions and viewing geometries, a loss of sensitivity to aerosol optical thickness has been...

Effects of strain rates on the undrained shear strength of kaolin

In recent times, interest in dynamically installed foundation systems for deep-sea construction has increased; however, these foundation systems are still under development and need quantification of various soil parameters with different perspectives. For the design of dynamically installed foundations, it is essential to assess the strain...

Flow past a square prism: A numerical study

The ERCOFTAC test case for flow past a square-prism at a Reynolds number of 21,400 was studied numerically using the flow solver ReFRESCO. The main objectives were to evaluate the performance of a Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) based turbulence models in Unsteady RANS (URANS) simulations, identify sensitivities to numerical parameters...

Multiple scatterer retracking and interferometric swath processing of CryoSat-2 data for ice sheet elevation changes

In the processing of data acquired by conventional radar altimeters, algorithms designed to compute elevation of signal backscatterers assume that the point closest to the satellite antenna is the nadir point. While this is a valid assumption over the oceans, it is often not valid in non-oceanic surfaces. Radar altimetry data acquired over ice...