Configuration of the Actor and Critic Network of the Deep Reinforcement Learning controller for Multi-Energy Storage System

The computational burden and the time required to train a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) can be appreciable, especially for the particular case of a DRL control used for frequency control of multi-electrical energy storage (MEESS). This paper presents an assessment of four training configurations of the actor and critic network to determine...

Descriptive Statistical Analysis of Frequency control-related variables of Nordic Power System

This paper presents a descriptive statistical analysis (DSA) of time-series of electro-mechanical quantities related to the frequency control (e.g. kinetic energy (KE), electrical frequency and power demand) of the Nordic power system (NPS). The idea of the DSA is to identify main observables features and patterns between these variables....

Controller to enable the enhanced frequency response services from a multi-electrical energy storage system

The increased adoption of renewable energy generation is reducing the inertial response of the Great Britain (GB) power system, which translates into larger frequency variations in both transient and pseudo-steady-state operation. To help mitigate this, National Grid, the transmission system operator in GB, has designed a control scheme...

Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Control on the Frequency Response: Study of the Gb System

The growth of vehicle electrification is driven by the desire to reduce environmental pollution, and it is fueled by advancements in battery technology. If left unmanaged, electric vehicle (EV) charging will increase peak demand and put a strain on the electricity networks. However, if properly managed, EVs can provide useful services to the...