BresDefender: A potential emergency measure to prevent or postpone a dike breach

Dikes are designed to withstand a load, with a certain finite probability of occurrence. In case of crises regarding to flood safety, the military is expected to prevent low-laying areas against flooding. Historical attempts show that the effectiveness of emergency measures and strategies are mainly successful caused by the adequate acts of the...

Microstructural Changes in Bitumen at the onset of Damage-healing

Self-healing of bitumen is a property that positively contributes to the sustainability, maintenance requirements and cost effectiveness of asphalt pavements. Ideally one would like to design an asphalt mix with a well-defined healing potential. Although substantial research efforts have been dedicated to the healing mechanism in bitumen,...

Probing Trace-elements in Bitumen by Neutron Activation Analysis

Trace elements and their concentrations play an important role in both chemical and physical properties of bitumen. Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) has been applied to determine the concentration of trace elements in bitumen. This method requires irradiation of the material with neutrons that transform the elements into...

Impact of maltene and asphaltene fraction on mechanical behavior and microstructure of bitumen

As a widely accepted concept, bitumen consists of four fractions that can be distinguished by their polarity. Highly polar asphaltene micelles are dispersed in a viscous phase of saturates, aromatics and resins (maltene phase). Different concentrations of asphaltenes in the bitumen result in a range of mechanical response properties. In an...

Turning Back Time: Rheological and Microstructural Assessment of Rejuvenated Bitumen

Countermeasures to the ageing of bituminous asphalt binders is a highly important topic, both for service-life extension of asphalt ‘in the field’ and for recycling old pavements (RAP) into new structures with similar functional requirements as the original structure. Usually this is achieved by applying additives that restore the adhesive and...

First Observation of the Blending Zone Morphology at the Interface of Reclaimed Asphalt Binder and Virgin Bitumen

One of the challenges in designing recycled asphalt mixtures with a high amount of RAP is to estimate the blending degree between RAP binder and the added virgin bitumen. The extent of blending is crucial in this case as asphalt concrete response is influenced by the final binder properties. This paper focuses on the evaluation of interaction...

Temperature induced healing in strained bituminous materials observed by atomic force microscopy

Bitumen is the binder in the composite material named asphalt concrete. Under cyclic mechanical loading of traffic passing over the pavement, eventually damage will initiate in the pavement, leading to eventual structural failure. This damaging process is accelerated by time dependent change of the mechanical properties of asphalt concrete due...

Microstructural self-healing of bituminous materials: Combined experimental and numerical study

Bituminous materials form a class of materials that possess the intrinsic ability to selfheal. This self-healing capability is evidenced by the observation that the service life of these materials ‘in the field’ exceeds the service life as predicted by standard mechanical laboratory tests. This mismatch between laboratory prediction and field...

Temperature induced healing in strained bituminous materials observed by atomic force microscopy

Bitumen is the binder in the composite material named asphalt concrete. Under cyclic mechanical loading of traffic passing over the pavement, eventually damage will initiate in the pavement, leading to eventual structural failure. This damaging process is accelerated by time dependent change of the mechanical properties of asphalt concrete due...

Microstructural self-healing of bituminous materials: Combined experimental and numerical study

Bituminous materials form a class of materials that possess the intrinsic ability to selfheal. This self-healing capability is evidenced by the observation that the service life of these materials ‘in the field’ exceeds the service life as predicted by standard mechanical laboratory tests. This mismatch between laboratory prediction and field...

Is Atomic Force Microscopy suited as Tool for fast Screening of Bituminous Materials? An Inter-laboratory Comparison Study

Bituminous binders are known to have microstructures at typical length scales of micrometers. This microstructure can be probed with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Now that worldwide several research groups are reporting AFM results on bitumen, it is becoming important to improve the understanding of the reproducibility and objectivity of the...

Vergelijkend AFM Onderzoek: Microstructuur van bitumen in relatie tot healing

In this report we present the background, the scientific and experimental approach and the results of AFM experiments performed on two different batches of bitumen. The specific bitumen researched in this project has also been studied in the context of the InfraQuest project ‘Pragmatisch Healing Onderzoek’. It has been known for quite some time...

Magnetic excitations in the spinel compound Lix[Mn1.96Li0.04]O4 (x=0.2,0.6,0.8,1.0): How a classical system can mimic quantum critical scaling

We present neutron-scattering results on the magnetic excitations in the spinel compounds Lix[Mn1.96Li0.04]O4 (x=0.2,0.6,0.8,1.0). We show that the dominant excitations below T?70?K are determined by Mn ions located in clusters, and that these excitations mimic the dynamic scaling found in quantum critical systems that also harbor magnetic...

Comment on ‘‘Zero Sound Mode in Normal Liquid ³He’’

The impact of self healing materials on telecommunication: Towards a concrete aircraft?

The use of a material for a specific application is governed by considerations on the expected conditions during its lifetime. For aerospace applications for instance, lightness, reliability and thermal stability ofthe material are of major importance. No material will ever possess all the desired properties at the same time. Therefore the...

Vulkanisme en water op Mars?

In januari 2004 werd Mars bezocht door de tweeling robotverkenners Spirit en Opportunity. Zij werden erop uitgestuurd om eindelijk het definitieve antwoord te geven op de vraag of er leven op Mars is geweest. Alles wijst er inmiddels op dat er op Mars ooit vloeibaar water stroomde. Of daarmee een bewijs geleverd is over het bestaan van leven op...

Self Healing: An emerging property for new materials