Alternative pool water treatment: and the in fluence of swimmers on pool water quality

As swimmers enter a swimming pool, they release micro-organisms, particles and soluble substances. While chlorine is often used to inactivate micro-organisms, a side-effect of chlorination is the formation of unwanted disinfection by-products. In order to reduce these by-products, more knowledge is needed on the release of pollutants by bathers...

Characterization of the bacterial community in shower water before and after chlorination

Bathers release bacteria in swimming pool water, but little is known about the fate of these bacteria and potential risks they might cause. Therefore, shower water was characterized and subjected to chlorination to identify the more chlorine-resistant bacteria that might survive in a chlorinated swimming pool and therefore could form a...

Quantitative microbial risk assessment for an indoor swimming pool with chlorination compared to a UV-based treatment

Aims Most swimming pools use residual disinfectants like chlorine for disinfection. The use of chlorine has several drawbacks: some waterborne-pathogens are chlorine resistant and disinfection by-products (DBPs) may be formed which are associated with various health risks. Therefore, an alternative treatment was developed which consists of...

Microbial quality of swimming pool water with treatment without disinfection, with ultrafiltration, with UV-based treatment and with chlorination

Swimming pools are traditionally disinfected with a residual disinfectant such as sodium hypochlorite. Nowadays, swimming water without a residual disinfectant is increasingly popular, as can be seen by the growing number of (natural) swimming ponds (Weilandt 2015), but health risks for bathers do raise concerns for these type of pools, so some...

I spy, I spy with my little eye

Aims<br/>The basis of this study lies in hygiene of swimming pools, where it is argued that taking a pre-swim shower would lead to a decrease in release of pollutants in the swimming pool, which in the end would lead to the decrease of health issues as red eyes and asthma. However, previous research has shown that not even half of the swimming...

QMRA of an indoor swimming pool: Chlorination versus UV-based treatment (PPT)

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Microbial quality of swimming pool water: Treatment without disinfection, with ultrafiltration, with UV-based treatment and chlorination (PPT)

I spy, I spy with my little eye: The effect of watching eyes on pre-swim shower behaviour (PPT)

How to improve hygienic behaviour in holiday park swimming pools

Previous studies on contamination of swimming pool water showed that the hygienic behaviour of swimmers is the most important factor. The suggested hygienic behaviour is; having a pre-swim shower and using the toilet when nature calls. Knowing the importance of hygienic behaviour is one thing, knowing how to change hygienic behaviour is...

How to improve pre-swim shower behaviour: A minimal intervention field experiment in a holiday park (PPT)

Chlorine cell disinfection determination with flow cell cytometry and plate count (poster)

Chlorine is used for disinfection in different water systems. This research focuses on chlorine disinfection in swimming pool water. In the Netherlands, free available chlorine concentrations in swimming pools are limited between 0.5-1.5 mg/L, which is based on a 4-log removal of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within 30 seconds. Another indicator...

Quantification of continual anthropogenic pollutant release in swimming pools (poster)

The amount of pollutants brought into the swimming pool water by swimmers is called anthropogenic pollutant release. The continual pollutant release is the amount of pollutants which is released during the submerged swimming period. The actual level of the continual pollutant release has not been studied individually up till now.

Chlorine inactivation of mixed population versus indicator microorganism (poster)

Chlorine is present in most swimming pools as residual disinfectant. In the Netherlands, the chlorine concentration in swimming pools has to be between 0.5-1.5 mg/L free available chlorine, which is based on a 4-log removal of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within 30 seconds. Besides disinfection of microorganisms side reactions form disinfection by...

Minimum chlorine concentration to ensure disinfection: Chlorine inactivation of the mixed population versus indicator microorganism