Influence of the inhomogeneous troposphere on GNSS positioning and integer ambiguity resolution

The tropospheric delay is one of many error sources that affect the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning solutions. The widely used troposphere models assume a homogeneous atmosphere so that only the zenith delay needs to be determined and is mapped through an elevation-dependent mapping function. This procedure is to reduce...

Vectorial integer bootstrapping: flexible integer estimation with application to GNSS

In this contribution, we extend the principle of integer bootstrapping (IB) to a vectorial form (VIB). The mathematical definition of the class of VIB-estimators is introduced together with their pull-in regions and other properties such as probability bounds and success rate approximations. The vectorial formulation allows sequential block...

Flight-Test Evaluation of Integer Ambiguity Resolution Enabled PPP

The technology of integer ambiguity resolution-enabled precise-point-positioning (also referred to as PPP-AR) has been proven capable of providing comparable accuracy, efficiency, and productivity to long-baseline real-time kinematic positioning (RTK) during the last decade. Commercial PPP-AR services have been provided by different...

GLONASS–only FDMA+CDMA RTK: Performance and outlook

An assessment of standalone GLONASS RTK performance is provided using its FDMA and CDMA signals. The new integer-estimable GLONASS FDMA model (Teunissen 2019), which guarantees the integer-estimability of its ambiguities, is employed. We introduce the combined integer-estimable GLONASS FDMA+CDMA model and compare its strength against the FDMA...

Assessing the performance of multi-GNSS PPP-RTK in the local area

The benefits of an increased number of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) in space have been confirmed for the robustness and convergence time of standard precise point positioning (PPP) solutions, as well as improved accuracy when (most of) the ambiguities are fixed. Yet, it is still worthwhile to investigate fast and high-precision...

GLONASS ambiguity resolution

A new integer-estimable GLONASS FDMA model is studied and analysed. The model is generally applicable, and it shows a close resemblance with the well-known CDMA models. The analyses provide insights into the performance characteristics of the model and concern a variety of different ambiguity-resolution critical applications. This will be done...

GLONASS CDMA L3 ambiguity resolution and positioning

A first assessment of GLONASS CDMA L3 ambiguity resolution and positioning performance is provided. Our analyses are based on GLONASS L3 data from the satellite pair SVNs 755-801, received by two JAVAD receivers at Curtin University, Perth, Australia. In our analyses, four different versions of the two-satellite model are applied: the...

Integer least-squares theory for the GNSS compass

Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) carrier phase integer ambiguity resolution is the key to highprecision positioning and attitude determination. In this contribution, we develop new integer least-squares (ILS) theory for the GNSS compass model, together with efficient integer search strategies. It extends current unconstrained ILS theory...