Improving the stability of the B-spline Material Point Method: Using Extended and Truncated Hierarchical B-splines

<br/>The Material Point Method (MPM) is a numerical method primarily used in the simulation of large deforming or multi-phase materials. An example of such a problem is a landslide or snow simulation. The MPM uses Lagrangian particles (material points) to store the interested physical quantities. These particles can move freely in the spatial...