Removal of a dumped rock cover with a low pressure jet

Pipelines and cables on the sea bottom are usually protected by a cover of dumped rock. In case of maintenance or removal works, this cover has to be removed in order to expose the pipeline. This removal can be performed by means of a mass flow excavation process, created with a submerged jet flow. However, the exact erosion processes of a...

Winnowing: Sub-surface entrainment of particles

This research focusses on the behaviour of fine particles which pass through the armour layer of bed material of the upper and middle reaches of a river. When the fine particles are entrained in the armour layer, it is described as ‘winnowing’ or vertical entrainment. A river bed generally consists of a coarse surface layer, which is the...