Reducing CO2 emissions of the Dutch refining industry towards 2050: Analysing CO2 reducing alternatives by extending the traditional Technology Assessment so that it incorporates economic and institutional perspectives

The European Union aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80% to 95% below 1990 levels by 2050. For the Netherlands, a reduction of 80% implies that a limited amount of 30 Mton CO2 per annum may be emitted in 2050. Such a reduction could especially affect the Dutch refining industry as it is a large emitter of CO2 with a total of 11 Mton of...