In situ transmission electron microscopy investigations of electromigration in metals

Electromigration is a process in which a metallic contact line is thinned by passing a current through it; which occurs due to a gradual displacement of atoms, ultimately leading to destruction of the wire. Despite the active investigations on electromigration for over fifty years, until now there is no general theory of the process and many...

Controlled Environment Specimen Transfer

Specimen transfer under controlled environment conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and gas composition, is necessary to conduct successive complementary in situ characterization of materials sensitive to ambient conditions. The in situ transfer concept is introduced by linking an environmental transmission electron microscope to an in...

In-situ TEM Studies: Heat-treatment and Corrosion

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been well known as a powerful characterisation tool to understand the structure and composition of various materials down to the atomic level. Over the years, several TEM studies have been carried out to understand the compositional, structural and morphological changes a material undergoes as a...