Multiscale Extended Finite Element Method for Modelling Mechanical Deformation in Porous Media with Propagating Fractures

Altering the state of the stress of the subsurface reservoirs can lead fractures to slip and extend their lengths (i.e., to propagate). This process can even be engineered, in many applications, e.g., enhanced geothermal systems. As such, accurate and efficient simulation of the mechanical deformation of the subsurface geological reservoirs,...

Communication with Ambient Light using Digital Micromirror Devices

Passive visible light communication (VLC) takes advantage of the pervasive nature of ambient light in our environment for wireless transmissions. The design of transmitters in passive VLC predominately uses liquid crystal displays (LCDs). While LCDs are an economical choice with low power consumption, they lack some key properties that are...

Investigating transfer gate potential barrier by feed-forward effect measurement

In a 4T pixel, the transfer gate (TG) “OFF” surface potential is one of the important parameters, which determines the pinned photodiode (PPD) full well capacity. The feed-forward effect measurement is a powerful tool to characterize the relationship of the PPD injection potential and the feed-forward electrons. In this paper, a parameter Vb is...

Affective Body Language of Humanoid Robots: Perception and Effects in Human Robot Interaction

Fundamental Characteristics of a Pinned Photodiode CMOS Pixels

This thesis gives an insightful analysis of the pinned photodiode 4T CMOS pixel from three different aspects. Firstly, from the charge accumulated aspect, the PPD full well capacity and related parameters of influence are investigated such as the pinning voltage, and transfer gate potential barrier. Secondly, from the charge transfer aspect, the...

Mood contagion of robot body language in human robot interaction

The aim of our work is to design bodily mood expressions of humanoid robots for interactive settings that can be recognized by users and have (positive) effects on people who interact with the robots. To this end, we develop a parameterized behavior model for humanoid robots to express mood through body language. Different settings of the...

Robot Mood is Contagious: Effects of Robot Body Language in the Imitation Game

Mood contagion is an automatic mechanism that induces a congruent mood state by means of the observation of another person's emotional expression. In this paper, we address the question whether robot mood displayed during an imitation game can (a) be recognized by participants and (b) produce contagion effects. Robot mood was displayed by...

Wireless Transceiver Design for High Velocity Scenarios

This thesis is dedicated to transceiver designs for high data-rate wireless communication systems with rapidly moving terminals. The challenges are two-fold. On the one hand, more spectral bandwidth of the transmitted signals is required by future wireless systems to obtain higher transmission rates, which can result in the frequency selectivity...

Cooperative Communication over Multi-Scale and Multi-Lag Wireless Channels

The development of wireless communication applications in the last few years is unprecedented. Wireless communication has evolved in various ways. The next generation of wireless systems should service more users while supporting mobility and high data rates. These requirements necessitate efficient use of available resources to provide...

Iterative equalization for OFDM systems over wideband Multi-Scale Multi-Lag channels

OFDM suffers from inter-carrier interference (ICI) when the channel is time varying. This article seeks to quantify the amount of interference resulting from wideband OFDM channels, which are assumed to follow the multi-scale multi-lag (MSML) model. The MSML channel model results in full channel matrices both in the frequency and time domains....

Performance analysis of the cooperative ZP-OFDM: Diversity, capacity and complexity

In this paper, we investigate the diversity, capacity and complexity issues of cooperative Zero-Padding (ZP)-Orthogonal FrequencyDivisionMultiplexing (OFDM) communication. We consider cooperative ZP-OFDM communication over a multipath Rayleigh channel and with multiple Carrier Frequency Offsets (CFOs) existing at different relays. We use a...

Power Grid Simulation with GPU-Accelerated Iterative Solvers and Preconditioners

This thesis deals with two research problems. The first research problem is motivated by the numerical computation involved in the Time Domain Simulation (TDS) of Power Grids. Due to the ever growing size and complexity of Power Grids such as the China National Grid, accelerating TDS has become a stringent need for the online analysis of these...

Performance modeling and optimization of sparse matrix-vector multiplication on NVIDIA CUDA platform

In this article, we discuss the performance modeling and optimization of Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication (SpMV) on NVIDIA GPUs using CUDA. SpMV has a very low computation-data ratio and its performance is mainly bound by the memory bandwidth. We propose optimization of SpMV based on ELLPACK from two aspects: (1) enhanced performance for the...

Optimal error estimates of the local discontinuous Galerkin method for surface diffusion of graphs on Cartesian Meshes

In (Xu and Shu in J. Sci. Comput. 40:375–390, 2009), a local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) method for the surface diffusion of graphs was developed and a rigorous proof for its energy stability was given. Numerical simulation results showed the optimal order of accuracy. In this subsequent paper, we concentrate on analyzing a priori error...

Camera Network Coverage Improving by Particle Swarm Optimization

This paper studies how to improve the field of view (FOV) coverage of a camera network. We focus on a special but practical scenario where the cameras are randomly scattered in a wide area and each camera may adjust its orientation but cannot move in any direction. We propose a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm which can efficiently...

OFDM Communications with Cooperative Relays

Signal fading due to multi-path propagation is one of the major impairments to meet the demands of next generation wireless networks for high data rate services. To mitigate the fading effects, time, frequency, and spatial diversity techniques or their hybrid can be used. Among different types of diversity techniques, spatial diversity is of...