Evaluating the operational and financial feasibility of battery-electric AGVs at brownfield container terminals: A design study at ECT Delta Terminal

Diesel-powered Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV) are currently deployed for container transport at terminal’s water side. Looking at the trends in formal legislation and market developments towards sustainability, these diesel AGVs are most likely to become outdated. Although battery-electric AGVs are an emerging, zero-emission alternative, there...