Surrogate DC Microgrid Models for Optimization of Charging Electric Vehicles under Partial Observability

Many electric vehicles (EVs) are using today’s distribution grids, and their flexibility can be highly beneficial for the grid operators. This flexibility can be best exploited by DC power networks, as they allow charging and discharging without extra power electronics and transformation losses. From the grid control perspective, algorithms for...

Stochastic bidding of volume and price in constrained energy and reserve markets

The power system is undergoing a significant change as it adapts to the intermittency and uncertainty from renewable generation. Flexibility from loads such as electric vehicles (EVs) can serve as reserves to sustain the supply-demand balance in the grid. Some reserve markets have rules for participation that are computationally challenging...

Markets for Direct Current Distribution Systems: Towards Energy-based vs Flex-based Designs

Direct Current Distribution System (DCDS), a promising alternative to existing AC systems, connect customers to DC energy sources without AC/DC conversion. The unique features of DC, including the power-voltage coupling effect, impose different requirements to DCDS operation compared to AC. Addressing a liberalized energy market, this paper...

Optimal non-zero Price Bids for EVs in Energy and Reserves Markets using Stochastic Optimization

In power systems, demand and supply always have to be balanced. This is becoming more challenging due to the sustained penetration of renewable energy sources. Because of the increasing amount of electrical vehicles (EVs), and the high capacity and flexibility of their charging process, EVs are a good candidate for providing balancing services...

Complexity of Scheduling Charging in the Smart Grid: Extended Abstract

The problem of optimally scheduling the charging demand of electric vehicles within the constraints of the electricity infrastructure is called the charge scheduling problem. The models of the charging speed, horizon, and charging demand determine the computational complexity of the charge scheduling problem. For about 20 variants the problem is...

Auctions for Congestion Management in Distribution Grids

Large controllable loads, such as electric vehicles, are increasingly penetrating electricity distribution feeders. To avoid local congestion, their consumption behaviour must be steered, for which a real-time price propagated down from the transmission system does not suffice, as it does not reflect local grid conditions. To efficiently steer...

Intention-Aware Routing of Electric Vehicles

This paper introduces a novel intention-aware routing system (IARS) for electric vehicles. This system enables vehicles to compute a routing policy that minimizes their expected journey time while considering the policies, or intentions, of other vehicles. Considering such intentions is critical for electric vehicles, which may need to recharge...