Chaos and Order in Event-Triggered Control

Event-triggered control (ETC) is claimed to provide significant reductions in sampling frequency when compared to periodic sampling, but little is formally known about its generated traffic. This work shows that ETC can exhibit very complex, even chaotic traffic, especially when the triggering condition is aggressive in reducing...

Computing the average inter-sample time of event-triggered control using quantitative automata

Event-triggered control (ETC) is a major recent development in cyber–physical systems due to its capability of reducing resource utilization in networked devices. However, while most of the ETC literature reports simulations indicating massive reductions in the sampling required for control, no method so far has been capable of quantifying...

Timing is everything: Analysis and synthesis of traffic patterns in event-triggered control

Event-triggered control (ETC) and self-triggered control (STC) are sample-and-hold control paradigms in which sensor data is only updated to the controller when necessary, often aperiodically, in contrast to the well-established periodic sampling paradigm. In ETC, a state-dependent event triggers a transmission, while in STC the controller...

The Wireless Control Bus: Enabling Efficient Multi-Hop Event-Triggered Control with Concurrent Transmissions

Event-triggered control (ETC) holds the potential to significantly improve the efficiency of wireless networked control systems. Unfortunately, its real-world impact has hitherto been hampered by the lack of a network stack able to transfer its benefits from theory to practice specifically by supporting the latency and reliability...

A Simpler Alternative: Minimizing Transition Systems Modulo Alternating Simulation Equivalence

This paper studies the reduction (abstraction) of finite-state transition systems for control synthesis problems. We revisit the notion of alternating simulation equivalence (ASE), a more relaxed condition than alternating bisimulations, to relate systems and their abstractions. As with alternating bisimulations, ASE preserves the property...

ETCetera: Beyond Event-Triggered Control

We present ETCetera, a Python library developed for the analysis and synthesis of the sampling behaviour of event triggered control (ETC) systems. In particular, the tool constructs abstractions of the sampling behaviour of given ETC systems, in the form of timed automata (TA) or finite-state transition systems (FSTSs). When the abstraction...

Scalable Traffic Models for Scheduling of Linear Periodic Event-Triggered Controllers

This paper addresses the problem of modeling and scheduling the transmissions generated by multiple event-triggered control (ETC) loops sharing a network. We present a method to build a finite-state similar model of the traffic generated by periodic ETC (PETC), which by construction mitigates the combinatorial explosion that is typical of...